EEE 354 SISTEM KAWALAN DIGIT

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UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA Peperiksaan Semester Pertama Sidang Akademik 2009/2010 April 2010 EEE 354 SISTEM KAWALAN DIGIT Masa : 3 jam ARAHAN KEPADA CALON: Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi LAPAN (8) muka surat bercetak dan ENAM (6) soalan sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini. Jawab LIMA (5) soalan. Mulakan jawapan anda untuk setiap soalan pada muka surat yang baru. Agihan markah bagi soalan diberikan disudut sebelah kanan soalan berkenaan. Jawab semua soalan di dalam Bahasa Malaysia atau Bahasa Inggeris atau kombinasi kedua-duanya. [Sekiranya terdapat sebarang percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa Inggeris hendaklah diguna pakai]. 2/-

- 2 - [EEE 354] 1. Suatu sistem mempunyai persamaan kebezaan seperti di bawah. A system has the difference equation as below. y(k 2) 1.4y(k 1) 0.4y(k) 0.4x(k 1) 0.3x(k) y(k) adalah keluaran bagi sistem tersebut dan y(k) is the output of the system and y(k) 0 ; k 0 x (k) adalah masukan bagi sistem dan diberi; x (k) is the input of the system and given; x(k) 0 ; k 0 x(0) 1 x(1) 0.2 x(2) 0.2 (a) Lukiskan gambarajah simulasi sistem tersebut. Draw the simulation diagram of the system. Tentukan fungsi pindah sistem ini. Determine the transfer function of this system. (c) Tentukan keluaran, y(k) bagi k 0 Determine the output, y(k) for k 0 (100%) 3/-

- 3 - [EEE 354] 2. Suatu sistem kawalan gelung terbuka diwakili oleh Rajah 1 di bawah: An open loop control system is represented by the Figure 1 below: R(s) ZOH G(s) C(s) Rajah 1 Figure 1 Jika, If, G s) ( s ( 2 2 5s 6) (a) Tentukan fungsi pindah dedenyut bagi sistem tersebut untuk T = 1 saat. Determine the pulse transfer function of the system for T = 1 sec. Tentukan sambutan masa sistem tersebut pada kala pensampelan bagi masukan unit langkah. Kirakan sambutan keadaan mantap sistem tersebut menggunakan teorem nilai akhir jelmaan z. Tentusahkan menggunakan sambutan masa yang diperolehi. Determine the system time response at the sampling interval for unit step input. Calculate the steady state reponse of the system using final value theorem of z transform. Justify using the time domain response obtained. 4/-

- 4 - [EEE 354] (c) Ulangi bagi masukan unit rampa. Repeat for unit ramp input. (100%) 3. Pertimbangkan sistem kawalan suapbalik uniti masa diskrit (dengan masa tempoh pensampelan T=1sec) yang mempunyai rangkap pindah denyut gelung-buka seperti dibawah, Consider the discrete-time unity-feedback control system (with sampling period T=1sec) whose open-loop pulse transfer function is given by, G ( z) K(0.3679z 0.2642) ( z 0.3679)( z 1) (a) Tentukan julat bagi gandaan K untuk kestabilan dengan menggunakan ujian kestabilan Juri. Determine the range of gain K for stability by use of Jury stability test. (70%) Carikan gandaan K pada ketika sistem berada pada stabil kritikal. Find the gain K at which the system is critically stable. (10%) (c) Carikan frekuensi bagi hayunan tetap (ketika kestabilan kritikal) Find the frequency of the sustained oscillation (during critically stable). (20%) 5/-

- 5 - [EEE 354] 4. Diberi sebuah sistem digital yang rangkap pindahnya gelung buka seperti di bawah: Given a digital control system with the following open-loop transfer function: K(0.01873z 0.01752) G( z) 2 z 1.8187z 0.8187 Andaikan masa pensampelan ialah T=0.2s. Assume the sampling time is T=0.2.s. (a) Lakarkan gambarajah Bode, dan tentukan jidar fasa dan jidar gandaan bagi system G(z). (Dengan menggunakan penghampiran asimptot) Draw Bode diagram and determine the phase margin and gain margin for system G(z). (By using asymptotic approximation) (60%) Adakah ia stabil? Is it stable? (10%) (c) Tentukan frekuensi dan gandaan K pada keadaan sistem yang stabil berjidar akan berayun. Determine frequency and the gain K at which the marginally stable system will oscillate. (30%) 6/-

- 6 - [EEE 354] 5. (a) Diberi satu pengawal dalam bentuk Given a controller in the following form 5 G c s 1 0.2s s Tentukan pengawal digital yang sama dengan menggunakan Determine the digital equivalents using (i) Peraturan kamiran ke-depan Forward integration rule (15%) (ii) Peraturan kamiran trapezoid Trapezoidal integration rule (15%) Gunakan peraturan pembezaan ke-belakang bagi pembeza Use the backward-difference rule for derivatives. Pengawal PID ideal yang tak-berinteraksi adalah The idealized non-interacting PID controller is as follows: u di mana t K et et C 1 T I t 0 dt T D t de dt u t adalah keluaran pengawal pada masa t; K C adalah gandaan pengawal, T I adalah masa pengamir, dan T D adalah masa pembeza. where u t is the controller output at time t, K C is controller gain, T I is integral time, and T D is derivative time. 7/-

- 7 - [EEE 354] (i) Terbitkan pengawal PID bentuk kedudukan dengan mendiskritkan persamaan di atas. Gunakan penghampiran kebezaan-ke-belakang bagi pembeza dan peraturan kamiran ke-belakang bagi pengamir. Derive the position form of the PID controller by discretization of the above equation. Use the backward-difference approximation for the derivative term and the backward integration rule for the integral term. Bincangkan dua masalah bagi pengawal PID kedudukan. Discuss two problems of the position PID control. (35%) (ii) Terbitkan pengawal PID bentuk kelajuan. Derive the velocity form of the PID controller. Bincangkan bagaimana pengawal PID kelajuan dapat mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi oleh pengawal PID kedudukan. Discuss how the velocity PID controller can overcome the problems of the position PID controller. (35%) 6. Pertimbangkan satu proses dengan rangkap pindah berikut: Consider a process that has the following transfer function: G p s 4500K s( s 361.2) Proses tersebut akan dipampas dengan menggunakan satu pengawal siri G c z melalui satu litar pemegang tertib sifar The process is to be compensated by a series digital controller a zero-order hold circuit. G c z through 8/-

- 8 - [EEE 354] Diberi Given T 0.001sec, T 0.001sec, (i) Cari nilai K agar pemalar ralat kelajuan digit K * 1000 Find the value of K so that the discrete ramp-error constant, K * 1000. v v (30%) (ii) Dengan menggunakan nilai K dari (i), rekabentuk satu pengawal digit agar keluarannya adalah sambutan deadbeat bagi masukan langkah. Using the value of K from (i), design the digital controller so that the output is a deadbeat response to a step input (40%) (iii) Tentukan rangkap pindah laluan ke-depan dan rangkap pindah gelung tertutup bagi sistem tersebut. Plot sambutan langkah unit bagi lima sampel yang pertama. Determine the forward-path transfer function and the closed-loop transfer function of the system. Plot the unit-step response for the first five samples. (30%) ooo0ooo