DFC Intelligence DFC Intelligence Phone 858-780-9680 9320 Carmel Mountain Rd Fax 858-780-9671 Suite C www.dfcint.com San Diego, CA 92129 Online Game Market: Table of Contents June 2006
Table of Contents Table of Contents I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...13 A. OVERVIEW...13 B. MAJOR TRENDS...19 1. Online Console Games...20 2. MMOG Dominant Online Game Form...23 3. Online Games in Asia...23 4. Casual Gaming Market...25 5. Bundling is Key...26 6. Impact of Broadband...27 7. Changing Distribution Channels...28 8. Possibilty of Move Away from Flat Rate Pricing...29 9. Online Games as an Extension of Retail Games...29 C. CHALLENGES TO ONLINE GAMING INDUSTRY...31 1. Technology Impediments...32 2. Game Design Paradigms...33 3. Consumer Awareness...34 4. Uncertainty in Profitable Business Model...36 5. Level of Online Hardware Penetration...36 6. Reaction from Traditional Retail Channel...38 II. STATE OF ONLINE GAMES...39 III. A. OVERVIEW...39 B. HISTORY OF ONLINE GAMES...52 1. History...52 2. The Market Niches Today...58 ONLINE GAME FORECASTS...62 A. BROADBAND FORECASTS...66 1. Broadband Households by Country...67 2. Broadband Households by Region 2001-2011...71 B. VIDEO GAME CONSOLE HARDWARE FORECASTS...78 C. FORECAST FOR ONLINE GAMER POPULATION...86 1. North America Online Gamer Forecasts 2001-2011...88 2. Europe Online Gamer Forecasts 2001-2011...91 3. Asia Online Gamer Forecasts 2001-2011...94 4. Worldwide Online Gamer Forecasts 2001-2011...97 D. FORECASTS FOR ONLINE GAME REVENUE BY PLATFORM AND REGION 2001-2011...104 1. North American Revenue by Platform 2001-2011...105 2. Europe Revenue by Platform 2001-2011...108 3. Japan Revenue by Platform 2001-2011...111 4. Asia Revenue by Platform 2001-2011...114 5. Worldwide Revenue by Platform 2001-2011...117 2
IV. E. FORECASTS FOR ONLINE GAME REVENUE BY TYPE 2001-2009...124 1. Overview...124 2. Online Game Subscription Revenue 2001-2011...129 3. Online Game Advertising Revenue 2001-2011...146 4. Online Game Digital Distribution Revenue 2001-2011...163 5. Total Online Game Revenue by Type 2001-2011...180 F. FORECASTS FOR ONLINE GAME REVENUE BY GENRE 2001-2011...200 1. North American Revenue by Genre 2001-2011...202 2. Europe Revenue by Genre 2001-2011...206 3. Japan Revenue by Genre 2001-2011...211 4. Asia Revenue by Genre 2001-2011...215 5. Worldwide Revenue by Genre 2001-2011...220 KEY PLAYERS IN THE ONLINE GAME VALUE CHAIN...225 A. OVERVIEW...225 B. FLAT RATE PRICING: STILL ALL-YOU-CAN-EAT BUT NOT ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL...229 C. VALUE CHAIN...233 1. Service Providers/ISPs/Telecom/Cable Operators...233 2. Content Providers...237 3. Platform/Hardware Providers...245 4. Online Game Providers/Aggregators...246 5. Others...252 D. SALES CHANNELS AND ONLINE DISTRIBUTION...254 1. Overview...254 2. Online Distribution and Shareware (ESD)...261 3. Games On Demand...275 4. Electronic Distribution at Retail...282 V. ONLINE GAMING BUSINESS MODELS...285 A. OVERVIEW...285 1. Bundling is Key...300 2. What models seem suitable to what types of content...308 B. TRADITIONAL RETAIL SALES...310 1. Using peer-to-peer and aggregator services...310 2. Publishers setting up proprietary services...313 C. ADVERTISING...315 1. Overview...315 2. Advantages of Online Advertising...320 3. What Will Allow Online Advertising to Grow...329 4. Problems with Online Advertising...332 5. Measurements...333 6. Types of Online Advertising...336 7. Consolidation...343 8. Advertising in Online Games: The Reality...345 D. FLAT-FEE SUBSCRIPTIONS...361 1. Basic Monthly Subscription...364 2. Tiered Subscriptions...367 3. Buy at Retail/Monthly Flat-Fee Subscription Model...371 E. MINI-TRANSACTIONS/VIRTUAL PROPERTY/PAY-PER-PLAY/PAY-PER-COMPONENT...386 1. Minitransactions/Micropayments...390 2. Digital Collectibles/Magic: The Gathering...392 3
VI. 3. Virtual Property/There Inc/Second Life...395 4. Digital Collectibles Market Players...398 F. SKILL-BASED GAMING/GAMES FOR MONEY/COMPETITIVE GAMING...400 G. EMERGING BUSINESS MODELS...405 H. KOREA: PIONEERING NEW BUSINESS MODELS...410 TECHNOLOGY AND OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS...413 A. OPERATING COSTS...413 1. The cost of doing business...413 2. Casual Games and Retail Hybrids...417 3. Costs for Massively Multiplayer/Persistent World Games...420 B. TECHNOLOGY CONSIDERATIONS...426 1. Bandwidth: Broadband vs. Narrowband...428 2. Latency...442 3. Distribution Technology...449 VII. CONSOLE ONLINE GAMES...454 A. OVERVIEW...454 B. CONSOLE ONLINE GAME HISTORY AND FORECASTS...459 1. History...459 2. Console Gamers Forecasts...461 3. Console Game Revenue Forecasts...468 4. Video Game Hardware Forecasts...470 5. Sega Dreamcast/Sega.net/SNAP...473 C. CONSOLE GAME SYSTEMS: A DETAILED LOOK...477 1. The 128-Bit Systems: A Detailed Look...477 2. New Console Systems: A Detailed Look...490 D. MOBILE AND PORTABLE GAMING...504 1. Sony PSP...505 2. Nintendo DS...506 VIII. ONLINE GAME GENRES...508 A. OVERVIEW...508 B. THE TRADITIONAL VIDEO GAME AND COMPUTER GAME GENRES...510 C. THREE BROAD CATEGORIES OF ONLINE GAMES...517 1. Casual Games...518 2. Retail Hybrids...520 3. Massively Multiplayer/Persistent Worlds (MMOGs)...522 4. Game Types Define Consumer Type...523 D. ONLINE GAME GENRES: FROM MASS-MARKET TO HARD-CORE...525 1. Casual Games...525 2. Children s Entertainment...536 3. Sports/Fighting/Racing...552 4. First-Person Shooters/Action...556 5. Strategy/Simulation Games...569 6. MMOGs...572 E. INDIVIDUAL MMOGS: A DETAILED LOOK...587 1. The Start of Today s MMOG Market: Ultima Online and EverQuest...589 F. THE ONLINE GAME PARADIGM...637 G. CHAT AND COMMUNITY...644 4
IX. ONLINE GAME CONSUMER...648 A. OVERVIEW...648 B. CONSUMER PROFILES...654 1. The Big Picture: Hard-Core vs. Mass-Market...654 2. Number of Online Gamers...662 3. Types of Online Gamers...665 X. COMPANY PROFILES...669 A. 4 KIDS...669 B. ARKADIUM...671 C. BIG FISH GAMES...673 D. BLIZZARD/BATTLE.NET...675 E. CCP GAMES...683 F. CODEMASTERS...685 G. DISNEY INTERNET GROUP...687 H. ELECTRONIC ARTS/EA.COM/AMERICA ONLINE/POGO...690 I. THE FLIPSIDE NETWORK/UPROAR...703 J. FUNCOM...709 K. GAME TRUST...712 L. JAGEX...714 M. KING.COM...716 N. LIBERTY MEDIA: FUN TECHNOLOGIES/SKILLJAM...718 O. LINDEN LAB...721 P. MICROSOFT CASUAL GAMES/ZONE.COM...723 Q. MYTHIC ENTERTAINMENT...728 R. NCSOFT...730 S. NEOPETS/MTV NETWORKS...743 T. NEWS CORP: IGN ENTERTAINMENT/GAMESPY, INTERMIX GAMES...747 U. PLAYFIRST...757 V. POPCAP GAMES...759 W. REAL NETWORKS/REALARCADE...762 X. REFLEXIVE ENTERTAINMENT...767 Y. SHOCKWAVE/GAMEBLAST/ATOM ENTERTAINMENT...768 Z. SKYWORKS TECHNOLOGIES...772 AA. SONY ONLINE ENTERTAINMENT...774 BB. SQUARE ENIX...781 CC. SULAKE...784 DD. THREE RINGS DESIGN...787 EE. TURBINE...789 FF. WEBZEN...791 GG. WILDTANGENT...798 HH. XFIRE...801 II. YAHOO!...803 5
Index of Tables Table 1 The Benefits of Online Games...45 Table 2 The Largest Online-Only Game Companies...48 Table 3 Peak Concurrent Online Game Usage for Casual Game Sites...60 Table 4 Top Worldwide MMOGs: June 2006...60 Table 5 Peak Concurrent Online Game Usage for Match-Making Game Sites...61 Table 6 Top Games on Xfire IM Service...61 Table 7 Broadband Households by Country 2001-2005...68 Table 8 Broadband Household Penetration by Country 2001-2005...70 Table 9 North America Broadband Households: 2001-2011...72 Table 10 Europe Broadband Households: 2001-2011...73 Table 11 Asia Online Households: 2001-2011...74 Table 12 Total Worldwide Broadband Households: 2001-2011...75 Table 13 Online Household Key Comparisons: 2005 and 2011...77 Table 14 Worldwide Video Game Console Hardware Unit Sales: 2001-2011...79 Table 15 North America Video Game Console Hardware Unit Sales: 2001-2011...80 Table 16 Europe Video Game Console Hardware Unit Sales: 2001-2011...81 Table 17 Japan Video Game Console Hardware Unit Sales: 2001-2011...82 Table 18 Rest Of World Video Game Console Hardware Unit Sales: 2001-2011...83 Table 19 Worldwide Active Installed Base of 128-Bit Game Systems 2001-2011...84 Table 20 Worldwide Active Installed Base of New Game Systems 2001-2011...85 Table 21 N. America PC Online Gamers: 2001-2011...88 Table 22 N. America Console Online Gamers: 2001-2011...89 Table 23 Total N. America Online Gamers: 2001-2011...90 Table 24 Total Europe PC Online Gamers: 2001-2011...91 Table 25 Total Europe Console Online Gamers: 2001-2011...92 Table 26 Total Europe Online Gamers: 2001-2011...93 Table 27 Total Asia PC Online Gamers: 2001-2011...94 Table 28 Total Asia Console Online Gamers: 2001-2011...95 Table 29 Total Asia Online Gamers: 2001-2011...96 Table 30 Total Worldwide PC Online Gamers: 2001-2011...97 Table 31 Total Worldwide Console Online Gamers: 2001-2011...98 Table 32 Total Worldwide Online Gamers: 2001-2011...99 Table 33 Worldwide Online Gamers by Region: 2001-2011...100 Table 34 North America PC Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...105 Table 35 North America Console Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...106 Table 36 North America Total Online Game Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...107 Table 37 Europe PC Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...108 Table 38 Europe Console Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...109 Table 39 Europe Total Online Game Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...110 Table 40 Japan PC Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...111 Table 41 Japan Console Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...112 Table 42 Japan Total Online Game Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...113 Table 43 Asia PC Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...114 Table 44 Asia Console Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...115 Table 45 Asia Total Online Game Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...116 Table 46 Worldwide PC Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...117 Table 47 Worldwide Console Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...119 6
Table 48 Worldwide Total Online Game Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...121 Table 49 Worldwide Total Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...122 Table 50 North America Online Game Subscription Revenue: 2001-2011...129 Table 51 North America Online Game Subscription Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...130 Table 52 Europe Online Game Subscription Revenue: 2001-2011...132 Table 53 Europe Online Game Subscription Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...133 Table 54 Japan Online Game Subscription Revenue: 2001-2011...135 Table 55 Japan Online Game Subscription Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...136 Table 56 Asia Online Game Subscription Revenue: 2001-2011...138 Table 57 Asia Online Game Subscription Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...139 Table 58 Worldwide Online Game Subscription Revenue: 2001-2011...141 Table 59 Worldwide Online Game Subscription Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...142 Table 60 Worldwide Online Game Subscription Revenue by Region: 2001-2011...144 Table 61 North America Online Game Advertising Revenue: 2001-2011...146 Table 62 North America Online Game Advertising Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...147 Table 63 Europe Online Game Advertising Revenue: 2001-2011...149 Table 64 Europe Online Game Advertising Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...150 Table 65 Japan Online Game Advertising Revenue: 2001-2011...152 Table 66 Japan Online Game Advertising Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...153 Table 67 Asia Online Game Advertising Revenue: 2001-2011...155 Table 68 Asia Online Game Advertising Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...156 Table 69 Worldwide Online Game Advertising Revenue: 2001-2011...158 Table 70 Worldwide Online Game Advertising Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...159 Table 71 Worldwide Online Game Advertising Revenue by Region: 2001-2011...161 Table 72 North America Online Game Digital Distribution Revenue: 2001-2011...163 Table 73 North America Online Game Digital Distribution Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011..164 Table 74 Europe Online Game Digital Distribution Revenue: 2001-2011...166 Table 75 Europe Online Game Digital Distribution Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...167 Table 76 Japan Online Game Digital Distribution Revenue: 2001-2011...169 Table 77 Japan Online Game Digital Distribution Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...170 Table 78 Asia Online Game Digital Distribution Revenue: 2001-2011...172 Table 79 Asia Online Game Digital Distribution Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...173 Table 80 Worldwide Online Game Digital Distribution Revenue: 2001-2011...175 Table 81 Worldwide Online Game Digital Distribution Revenue by Platform: 2001-2011...176 Table 82 Worldwide Online Game Digital Distribution Revenue by Region: 2001-2011...178 Table 83 North America Online Game Revenue by Type: 2001-2011...180 Table 84 North America Online Game Revenue by User Type: 2001-2011...182 Table 85 Europe Online Game Revenue by Type: 2001-2011...184 Table 86 Europe Online Game Revenue by User Type: 2001-2011...186 Table 87 Japan Online Game Revenue by Type: 2001-2011...188 Table 88 Japan Online Game Revenue by User Type: 2001-2011...190 Table 89 Asia Online Game Revenue by Type: 2001-2011...192 Table 90 Asia Online Game Revenue by User Type: 2001-2011...194 Table 91 Worldwide Online Game Revenue by Type: 2001-2011...196 Table 92 Worldwide Online Game Revenue by User Type: 2001-2011...198 Table 93 North America PC Online Game Revenue by Genre: 2001-2011...202 Table 94 North America Console Online Game Revenue by Genre: 2001-2011...203 Table 95 North America Total Online Game Revenue by Genre: 2001-2011...204 Table 96 Europe PC Online Game Revenue by Genre: 2001-2011...206 Table 97 Europe Console Online Game Revenue by Genre: 2001-2011...208 Table 98 Europe Total Online Game Revenue by Genre: 2001-2011...209 7
Table 99 Japan PC Online Game Revenue by Genre: 2001-2011...211 Table 100 Japan Console Online Game Revenue by Genre: 2001-2011...212 Table 101 Japan Total Online Game Revenue by Genre: 2001-2011...213 Table 102 Asia PC Online Game Revenue by Genre: 2001-2011...215 Table 103 Asia Console Online Game Revenue by Genre: 2001-2011...217 Table 104 Asia Total Online Game Revenue by Genre: 2001-2011...218 Table 105 Worldwide PC Online Game Revenue by Genre: 2001-2011...220 Table 106 Worldwide Console Online Game Revenue by Genre: 2001-2011...222 Table 107 Worldwide Total Online Game Revenue by Genre: 2001-2011...223 Table 108 Types of Consumer Internet Connections...230 Table 109 Market Value of Leading Service Providers...234 Table 110 2005 s High Profile Internet Acquisitions...235 Table 111 Leading Interactive Entertainment Publishers by Revenue...241 Table 112 Different Types of Online Game Aggregators...246 Table 113 Development and Distribution of Various Media...257 Table 114 RealNetworks Annual Game Revenue 2002-2005...268 Table 115 Real Networks Quarterly Game Revenue 2003-2005...268 Table 116 Digital Distribution Solutions Providers...270 Table 117 Infinium Labs Phantom Gaming Service Basic Revenue Model...281 Table 118 10-Year MMOG Subscriber Model...295 Table 119 10-Year MMOG Revenue Model...296 Table 120 Total 10-Year MMOG Revenue...297 Table 121 World of Warcraft Subscriber Growth...298 Table 122 Product/Service vs. Revenue Model...308 Table 123 U.S. Marketing Services Spending: 2000-2004...322 Table 124 Magazine Advertising Revenue 2005...323 Table 125 Game Magazine 2005 Advertising Revenue...323 Table 126 Game Magazine 2004 Advertising Revenue...323 Table 127 Online Advertising Revenue: 1996-2005...324 Table 128 Share of Ad Impressions by Content Category: 2004-2005...325 Table 129 Share of Ad Impressions by Content Category: 2000-2002...326 Table 130 Share of Rich Media Ad Impressions: 2004...326 Table 131 European Online Advertising Markets...327 Table 132 Online Advertising: U.K., Germany, France...328 Table 133 Yahoo and Google Annual Net Revenue Per Unique/Active User 2002-2005...329 Table 134 CPM of Various Media...334 Table 135 Advertising/Usage Share of Various Media...334 Table 136 Internet Advertising Revenue by Pricing Model...335 Table 137 Online Advertising Formats: 2002-2005...336 Table 138 Rich Media Ad Impressions 2004...337 Table 139 Revenue of Leading Online Advertising Sites: 2002-2005...343 Table 140 Worldwide Online Game Advertising Revenue by Region: 2001-2011...346 Table 141 IGN Advertising Revenue: 2000-2005...352 Table 142 IGN Entertainment Income...353 Table 143 Examples of Online Game Subscription Services...362 Table 144 Basic Monthly Subscription Prices for Media and News Online Services...364 Table 145 Case s Ladder Tiered Subscription Options...367 Table 146 North America, Europe, Japan Top MMOG Games Subscribers and Revenue: 2005372 Table 147 North America, Europe, Japan Top MMOG Games Subscribers and Revenue: 2004372 Table 148 MMOG Annual Subscription and Revenue Forecast: North America, Europe and Japan 2001-2011...376 8
Table 149 Table 20 MMOG Annual Subscription and Revenue Forecast: Asia Pacific 2002-2009379 Table 150 Golf: An Example of Multi-Tiered Consumer Spending...387 Table 151 Table 133 Pay-Per-Play Asian MMOG Business Model...387 Table 152 Minitransaction Options: Habbo Hotel Payment Methods...390 Table 153 Skilled Gaming Business Model...401 Table 154 Major Portals and Their Skill Gaming Partners...402 Table 155 South Korea Online Gamer Forecasts: 2001-20011...411 Table 156 Hypothetical Support Staff to Maintain a Medium-Size MMOG...420 Table 157 Gross Profit for Subscription Online-Only Game: Moderate Support Costs...421 Table 158 Gross Profit for Subscription Online-Only Game: Low Support Costs...421 Table 159 Major AT&T Network Operations and Hosting Customers...423 Table 160 MMOG Middleware Companies...424 Table 161 Wireless Networking Standards...432 Table 162 Adoption Time for New Consumer Technologies...434 Table 163 Broadband Households by Country: 2001-2005...435 Table 164 Total Worldwide Broadband Households by Region: 2001-2011...436 Table 165 Total Worldwide Online Gamers: 2001-2011...461 Table 166 Total Worldwide Console Online Gamers by Type: 2001-2011...462 Table 167 North America Console Online Gamers by Type: 2001-2011...463 Table 168 Total Europe Console Online Gamers by Type: 2001-2011...464 Table 169 Total Asia Console Online Gamers by Type: 2001-2011...465 Table 170 Total Worldwide Console Online Gamers by Region: 2001-2011...466 Table 171 Total Worldwide Console Online Game Revenue by Region: 2001-2011...468 Table 172 Total Worldwide Console Online Game Revenue by Type: 2001-2011...469 Table 173 Worldwide Video Game Console Hardware Unit Sales: 2001-2011...470 Table 174 Worldwide Active Installed Base of 128-Bit Game Systems 2001-2011...471 Table 175 Worldwide Active Installed Base of New Game Systems 2001-2011...472 Table 176 Xbox Live Most Played Games October 2005...482 Table 177 Xbox Live Top Games Globally: 11/2002-10/2005...482 Table 178 PlayStation 2 Online Usage Statistics: 2002-2006...486 Table 179 Microsoft Heritage Behind Xbox Live...494 Table 180 Top Xbox 360 Live Titles...495 Table 181 Top Xbox 360 Live Arcade Titles...495 Table 182 U.S. Best Selling Titles of the 128-Bit Era...511 Table 183 Top U.S. Game Titles of 32/64-Bit Era...512 Table 184 Worldwide Casual Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...526 Table 185 Worldwide Childrens Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...538 Table 186 Ranking of Children s Entertainment Sites...539 Table 187 Worldwide Sports/Fighting/Racing Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...552 Table 188 Worldwide First-Person Shooter/Action Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...557 Table 189 Worldwide Strategy/Simulation Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...569 Table 190 Worldwide MMOG Online Game Revenue: 2001-2011...573 Table 191 Individual MMOG Subscriber Base and Costs...587 Table 192 Ultima Online Releases: 1997-2006...590 Table 193 EverQuest Releases: 1999-2006...591 Table 194 Anarchy Online Releases: 2001-2006...596 Table 195 Dark Age of Camelot Releases: 2001-2006...601 Table 196 Eve Online Releases: 2003-2006...605 Table 197 EverQuest 2 Releases: 2004-2006...607 Table 198 World of Warcraft Subscription Growth...633 Table 199 World of Warcraft International Release Schedule...635 9
Table 200 Top Instant Messenger Clients...644 Table 201 Interactive Entertainment: Key Consumer Penetration Statistics...650 Table 202 Male and Female Users for Leading Online Game Sites...656 Table 203 MSN Games at the Zone.com Demographics: 2004...658 Table 204 MSN Games at the Zone.com Demographics: 2002...658 Table 205 Pogo and Club Pogo Demographics: 2004...659 Table 206 EA.com Demographics: 2002...659 Table 207 Gametrust Demographics 2005...661 Table 208 Total Worldwide PC Online Gamers by Type: 2001-2011...662 Table 209 Total Worldwide Console Online Gamers by Type: 2001-2011...663 Table 210 Appeal of Game Genres to Different Consumer Types...664 Table 211 World of Warcraft Subscriber Growth...680 Table 212 World of Warcraft International Release Schedule...681 Table 213 EA.com Revenue and Income: 1997-2003...691 Table 214 Ultima Online Revenue: 1998-1999...691 Table 215 EA.com Revenue Sources: 2001-2003...692 Table 216 Electronic Arts Online Revenue Sources: 2002-2006...692 Table 217 EA.com Costs and Expenses: 1998-2003...693 Table 218 Uproar Financial Info: 1997-2000...704 Table 219 Uproar.com Costs and Expenses 1997-2000...704 Table 220 Funcom Revenue and Earnings 2004-2005...709 Table 221 Fun Technologies Revenue and Earnings 2004-2005...718 Table 222 NCsoft Revenue and Expenses: 2000-2005...731 Table 223 NCsoft Revenue Breakdown by Source: 2000-2003...732 Table 224 NCsoft Revenue Breakdown by Country...732 Table 225 Lineage Usage Statistics by Country: 2002-2005...734 Table 226 Lineage Korea Pricing Model...735 Table 227 Lineage Overseas Pricing Model...736 Table 228 Lineage II Usage Statistics by Country: 2003-2005...736 Table 229 City of Heroes Usage Statistics: 2004-2005...739 Table 230 IGN Entertainment Revenue: 2000-2005...748 Table 231 IGN Entertainment Earnings: 2000-2004...749 Table 232 RealNetworks Revenue and Income: 2000-2005...762 Table 233 RealNetworks Service Revenue by Category: 2001-2003...763 Table 234 Square Enix Online Game Revenue and Income: 2003-2005...781 Table 235 Square Enix Online Game Revenue and Income: 2003-2005...781 Table 236 Square Enix Nine Month Online Game Revenue and Income...781 Table 237 Square Enix Nine Month Online Game Revenue and Income...781 Table 238 Sulake Revenue: 2000-2004...784 Table 239 Webzen Revenue and Income: 2001-2005...792 Table 240 Webzen Source of Revenue: 2001-2005...792 Table 241 Webzen Revenue by Country: 2002-2005...793 Table 242 MU Usage Statistics: 2002-2005...795 Table 243 MU China and Korea Peak Concurrent Users...795 Table 244 Yahoo Revenue and Income: 2001-2005...804 10