Course Title: Principles of Manufacturing Lesson Plan Session Title: History & Development of Technology: Innovative Applications of Technology in Engineering Part 1 Performance Objective: After completing Part 1 of this lesson, students will have an understanding of the emerging applications of technology in engineering, the effects of technological solutions to the manufacturing process, and the impact of engineering on the environment to the teacher s satisfaction. Specific Objectives: List key innovative technology concepts that have taken place within the major technology disciplines Identify intended and unintended effects of technical solutions within the manufacturing process Differentiate between the risks and benefits of engineering activities Describe how the engineering process has impacted the environment Preparation TEKS Correlations: This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS. Any changes/alterations to the activities may result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed. Principles of Manufacturing: 130.322(c)(6)(A) investigates emerging and innovative applications of technology in engineering. report on innovative applications of technology in engineering; 130.322(c)(13)(A)(B) describes the intended and unintended effects of technological solutions to the manufacturing process. evaluate an assessment strategy such as the risks and benefits of engineering activities; demonstrate how engineering changes environments. Interdisciplinary Correlations: Physics: 112.39(c)(2)(A)(B)(C)(D) 1
...know the definition of science and understand that it has limitations, as specified in subsection (b)(2) of this section;...know that scientific hypotheses are tentative and testable statements that must be capable of being supported or not supported by observational evidence. Hypotheses of durable explanatory power which have been tested over a wide variety of conditions are incorporated into theories;...know that scientific theories are based on natural and physical phenomena and are capable of being tested by multiple independent researchers. Unlike hypotheses, scientific theories are well-established and highly-reliable explanations, but may be subject to change as new areas of science and new technologies are developed;...distinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific theories; 112.39(c)(3)(D)...explain the impacts of the scientific contributions of a variety of historical and contemporary scientists on scientific thought and society; English: 110.42(b)(6)(A)(B) expand vocabulary through wide reading, listening, and discussing; rely on context to determine meanings of words and phrases such as figurative language, idioms, multiple meaning words, and technical vocabulary; 110.42(b)(7)(A)(I)(J) establish a purpose for reading such as to discover, interpret, and enjoy; use study strategies such as skimming and scanning, note taking, outlining, and using study-guide questions to better understand texts; read silently with comprehension for a sustained period of time; Teacher Preparation: History & Development of Technology: Innovative Applications of Technology in Engineering is a 2-part lesson. Teachers should review the definitions and all supporting documents such as PowerPoint presentations and notes. References: Fales, Kuetemeyer, Brusic (2004). Technology: Today and Tomorrow, Glencoe / McGraw-Hill Wikipedia Other references as noted in slides 9 and 14 of the PowerPoint presentation Instructional Aids: 1. PowerPoint presentation and notes - Part 1 2. Definitions handout 3. Definitions handout answer key 4. Warm-up activity (slide 3) 5. Quiz 6. Quiz key Materials Needed: 2
1. Pen or pencil 2. Paper 3. Internet access (optional) Equipment Needed: 1. Computer 2. Overhead projector Learner Preparation: None required. Introduction Introduction (LSI Quadrant I): SAY: Today we will learn about innovative applications of technology. ASK: Can you image how life must have been like 110 years ago? ASK: How much time did it take to prepare our meals? ASK: How long did it take for us to travel 50, 100, or 300 miles? ASK: More recently, what was life like before the internet and video games? SHOW: A web page or video game demo or photo of a deck of cards, checkerboard, etc. SAY: People found other ways to get things done and entertain themselves. SAY: Technology has brought dramatic improvements to our lives, and removed much of the manual labor from our day to day living. Outline Outline (LSI Quadrant II): Instructors can use the PowerPoint presentation, slides, handouts, and note pages in conjunction with the following outline. MI Outline Notes to Instructor I. Engineering and Technology terms (and definitions ) II. A. There are several important terms and definitions students need to know. B. Definitions make great bell work; either have some definitions available on the board for students to write down, or have them do computer-based research. Innovative applications of technology in engineering A. Communication Technology: printing and graphic processes, Begin PPT presentation. Bell Work Activity (slide 1-2) : have students work on the Bell Work Activity Warm- Up Activity: (slide 3) Using Definitions Handout, students will pair-share and teach each other the terms and definitions. They may do computer-based 3
telecommunication processes, audio/ video technologies B. Energy and Power Technology: renewable, non-renewable and unlimited resources C. Biotechnology: agricultural processes, medical processes, waste management D. Construction Technology: construction planning, design and management processes E. Transportation Technology: engines, motors and transportation systems F. Manufacturing Technology: manufacturing process improvement concepts research to look up the meaning. Provide an overview on how modern innovative engineering ideas and techniques have impacted the major technology disciplines Slides 4 11. III. The Impact of technological solutions (Intended and unintended effects) to the manufacturing process A. Positive impact of automation on manufacturing efficiency and cost reduction B. Negative impact of automation on human labor C. Increased requirements for a more skilled and educated workforce Each slide is meant to be discussed. Have some background knowledge, and challenge the students to make some contributions to the discussion. Slide 12 IV. Risks and benefits of engineering activities A. Benefit 1: Efficient manufacturing processes B. Benefit 2: Safe, efficient transportation and construction systems C. Benefit 3: Safe, efficient food production, water distribution and waste management D. Risks: Increased energy consumption and waste creation Pick and choose some of the definitions from the definitions resource handout. Strive to get students to mention additional benefits and risks. Slides 13-15 V. Environmental Impact of the engineering process A. Managing environment accidents, pollution and natural resource Slides 16-17 Discuss recent environmental accidents in the 4
consumption (mining, petroleum and natural gas production, etc. ) B. The impact of a mobile population C. Positive management of growth within the key technology disciplines to reduce the impact on our environment D. The impact of a mobile population E. Positive management of growth within the key technology disciplines to reduce the impact on our environment petroleum and mining industries. VI. Administer Quiz at end of lesson Use answer key to grade the quiz Verbal Linguistic Logical Mathematical Visual Spatial Musical Rhythmic Bodily Kinesthetic Intrapersonal Interpersonal Naturalist Existentialist Application Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III): Using Definitions Handout, students will pair-share and teach each other the terms and definitions. They may do computer-based research to look up the meaning. Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III): Students will complete Warm-up Activity, doing computer-based research to look up the meaning of words on the handout, writing out definitions on a sheet of paper. Summary Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV): Question: Most of the questions should involve definitions. Answer: They can write or answer orally. Question: Identify three forms of renewable energy resources. 5
Answer: Wind, Solar, and Geothermal Question: Identify two manufacturing process improvement concepts. Answer: Just-in-Time Manufacturing; and Time and Motion Studies Evaluation Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III): Oral question/answer. Students will complete definitions teacher has on the board from terms in the Definitions handout. Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV): No formal assessment in Part 1 of this lesson. Extension Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV): 1. Students can write a paper on how they think modern technology impacts our lives today. 2. Students can write a paper on the importance of waste management. 3. Students can conduct research on the internet, create a PowerPoint presentation and give a classroom presentation on new forms of hybrid vehicles. 6
History & Development of Technology Innovative Applications of Technology in Engineering - Part 1 Definitions Handout 1. : In factories, an arrangement in which the product being made moves from one workstation to the next while parts are added 2. : Computer software used to solve problems and make decisions normally made by humans 3. : Human made material designed to be placed in the human body 4. : The use of chemicals to treat or control disease 5. : In Bio-technology, a propagation method wherein a cell from a plant or animal is used to create a clone, or duplicate 6. : Manufacturing done with the aid of computer programs that help tie all the phases of manufacturing (planning, production, and control) together to make a unified whole 7. : Manufacturing process in which numerical directions contained in a computer program control or monitor machines 8. : Method of transporting shipping containers by rail in which containers are fastened directly to a flatcar 9. : The science of designing equipment and environments to promote human health, safety and well being 10. : A battery that generates power by means of the interaction between two chemicals such as hydrogen and oxygen 11. : The process of giving organisms traits they never had naturally by changing their normal genes 12. : A system of communication satellites that orbit the earth and are used to track an object s location 13. : A system of delivering parts and materials just as they are needed for use in production 7
14. : A small, self-contained computer used to run a machine (Workers can reprogram the controller to change the way a machine functions.) 15. : An approach to a problem in which researchers make an observation, collect information, form a hypothesis, perform experiments, and analyze the results 16. : In manufacturing, an agreement on a uniform or common size for certain parts 17. : In manufacturing, a technique based on mathematics that is used to improve a production process 18. : A company s approach to its employees in which the employees are expected to meet a performance standard 19. : A striped code printed on a product that gives information about a product a computer scanner can read 20. : All the operations involved in the collection, storage, and treatment of waste 8
History & Development of Technology Innovative Applications of Technology in Engineering - Part 1 Definitions (Answer Key) 1. Assembly Line: In factories, an arrangement in which the product being made moves from one workstation to the next while parts are added 2. Artificial Intelligence (AI): Computer software used to solve problems and make decisions normally made by humans 3. Bio material: Human made material designed to be placed in the human body 4. Chemotherapy: The use of chemicals to treat or control disease 5. Cloning: In Bio-technology, a propagation method wherein a cell from a plant or animal is used to create a clone, or duplicate 6. Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM): Manufacturing done with the aid of computer programs that help tie all the phases of manufacturing (planning, production, and control) together to make a unified whole 7. Computer numerical control (CNC): Manufacturing process in which numerical directions contained in a computer program control or monitor machines. 8. Container on flatcar (COFC): Method of transporting shipping containers by rail in which containers are fastened directly to a flatcar 9. Ergonomics: The science of designing equipment and environments to promote human health, safety and well being 10. Fuel Cell: A battery that generates power by means of the interaction between two chemicals such as hydrogen and oxygen 11. Genetic engineering: The process of giving organisms traits they never had naturally by changing their normal genes 12. Global Positioning System: A system of communication satellites that orbit the earth and are used to track an objects location 13. Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing: A system of delivering parts and materials just as they are needed for use in production 9
14. Programmable Controller: A small, self-contained computer used to run a machine. (Workers can reprogram the controller to change the way a machine functions.) 15. Scientific method: An approach to a problem in which researchers make an observation, collect information, form a hypothesis, perform experiments, and analyze the results 16. Standardization: In manufacturing, an agreement on a uniform or common size for certain parts 17. Statistical Process Control: In manufacturing, a technique based on mathematics that is used to improve a production process 18. Total Quality Management: A company s approach to its employees in which the employees are expected to meet a performance standard 19. Universal Product Code (UPC): A striped code printed on a product that gives information about a product a computer scanner can read 20. Waste management: All the operations involved in the collection, storage, and treatment of waste 10
History & Development of Technology Innovative Applications of Technology in Engineering - Part 1 Quiz 1. What was the primary industry before the Industrial Revolution? 2. List 3 innovations in the Communication Technology discipline. 3. Fuel cells and hybrid vehicles are a part of what technology discipline? 4. List one negative impact of automation on human labor. 5. How has automation helped the manufacturing process? 6. Identify 1 risk that has resulted from our increased engineering activities. 7. Identify 1 of the benefits of the growth of Biotechnology. 8. How can we reduce the negative impact of our engineering processes on future generations? 11
History & Development of Technology Innovative Applications of Technology in Engineering - Part 1 Quiz (Answer Key) 1. What was the primary industry before the Industrial Revolution? ANS: Agriculture / Farming 2. List 3 innovations in the Communication Technology discipline. ANS: Digital printing, Wireless telecommunications, Web page design, Video game design 3. Fuel cells and hybrid vehicles are a part of what technology discipline? ANS: Transportation Technology 4. List one negative impact of automation on human labor. ANS: Automation allows non-stop production with fewer people 5. How has automation helped the manufacturing process? ANS: Programmable robotic processes allow for greater standardization and higher product quality. 6. Identify 1 risk that has resulted from our increased engineering activities. ANS: We are in danger of consuming and or contaminating of major portions of our non-renewable resources. 7. Identify 1 of the benefits of the growth of Biotechnology. ANS: Growth in the field of Biotechnology has greatly improved our capacity in agriculture and livestock production. 8. How can we reduce the negative impact of our engineering processes on future generations? ANS: Positive management of growth within the key technology disciplines. 12