Precision Measurement Engineering Principles Student Journal Published by ENERGY CONCEPTS, INC. 27201J I
COPYRIGHT 2009 BY ENERGY CONCEPTS, INC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or reprinted in any form, without written permission of Energy Concepts, Inc., 404 Washington Blvd., Mundelein, IL 60060. Printed in the United States of America, 2009. II ISBN 1-55756-654-2
Precision Measurement Task Sheet... 1 Related Terms... 2 System Familiarization... 4 Chapter 1 (Precision Measurement)... 5 Experiment 1 (Using a Steel Rule)... 5 Experiment 2 (How to Read a Vernier Caliper)...10 Experiment 3 (Using a Micrometer)...31 Experiment 4 (Using a Protractor)...44 Experiment 5 (Screw and Nut Measurement Gauge)...47 III
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Precision Measurement Task Sheet Instructions: Your instructor may ask you to fill in the last two columns of this task sheet and present it to him/her whenever you have completed an activity. This will allow a point value to be assigned to that activity. Do not lose your Task Sheet. It will need to be turned in to your instructor periodically and at the end of the unit. Date Journal Lesson 5 3 2 1 Activity Completed Page # System Familiarization Precision Measurement 1 Using a Steel Rule 2 How to Read a Vernier Caliper 3 Using a Micrometer 4 Using a Protractor 5 Screw and Nut Measurement Gauge Scoring: 3 - Did a good job of completing and understanding the task. 2 - Needed some help to complete the activity. 1 - Needed much help to complete the activity; little understanding. 5 - Helped another student learn about and complete the activity after previously receiving credit. 1
Precision Measurement Related Terms After doing research on the following terms, write a brief description for each term. Follow the instruction of your instructor in doing this exercise. In your searches you will find that some of these terms have many meanings. Use the ones that have meaning in engineering. Digital Angle Finder - Digital Protractor - Drill Gauges - Feeler Gauges - Industrial Metrology- Legal Metrology - Metrication - Metrological Traceability - Nonrotating Spindle Type Paper Micrometer - 2
Scientific Metrology - Screw Pitch Gauge - Tooth Thickness Micrometer - Tube Micrometer - Universal Measuring System - Wire Micrometer - 3
System Familiarization Measurement Tools 1. Complete the following data table. Table 1 Measurement Tools Figure Part Number Number Number Number Part Name Required On Hand 1 12096 Protractor (A) 1 1 12093 M Vernier Caliper (B) 1 1 12320 Micrometer (C) 1 1 12363 Nut and Bolt Gauge (D) 1 1 12398 Steel Rule (E) 1 Objects 1. Complete the following data table. Table 2 Objects Set Figure Part Number Number Number Number Part Name Required On Hand 1 12250-03 Acrylic Block (A) 1 1 12018-29 Two-Step Rod (B) 1 1 12713 Metal Object # 3 (C) 1 1 12033-02B Metal Object # 2 (D) 1 1 12712 Metal Object # 1 (E) 1 1 12344 Metal Rod (F) 1 Screw, Nut, and Washer Set 1. Complete the following data table. Table 3 Figure Part Number Number Number Number Part Name Required On Hand 1 12705 Screw, Nut, and Washer Set 1
Precision Measurement EXPERIMENT 1 Using a Steel Rule Procedure READING A FRACTIONAL SCALE 1. Complete the data table below. A B C D E F Inches 1 Labeled Divisions 8 Division Lines 3 Total 1 11 / 32 ADDITIONAL PRACTICE IN READING A FRACTIONAL SCALE Figure 7 Fractional scale 1. Record the measurements shown in Figure 7. A = B = C = D = E = F = G = H = I = J = K = L = M = N = O = P = Q = R = S = T =
Using a Steel Rule 2. W = Figure 8 An example of offset measurements READING A DECIMAL SCALE Figure 9 Decimal scale 1. A = G = B = H = C = I = D = J = E = K = F = L =
READING A CENTIMETER SCALE Figure 10 Centimeter scale 4. Record the measurements shown in Figure 10. cm mm A = B = C = D = E = MEASURING THE ACRYLIC BLOCK Figure 11 Identifying the measurements of the acrylic block 1. Acrylic Block Measurements X = Y = Z =
Using a Steel Rule MEASURING OBJECTS 1. Length of long rod Figure 12 Transferring the length of the rod onto the paper 3. Distance between marks 4. Measurements of object #1 shown in Figure 13. W = S = Figure 13 Object #1
5. Make the measurements of object #2 shown in Figure 14. H = X = Y = T = W = Figure 14 Object #2 Questions 1. What are the two scales on the steel rule used in this experiment? 2. What is the largest measurement that can be accurately taken with the steel rule used in this experiment? 3. Convert 1-35/64ths to a decimal. 4. Convert.281 to a fraction of 64ths. 5. When you compare the length of the small diameter rod taken by the two methods in the experiments, were they the same? If not, why do you think they differed?
How toread a Vernier Caliper EXPERIMENT 2 How to Read a Vernier Caliper Procedure READING A VERNIER SCALE IN ENGLISH UNITS Complete the tables and perform the calculations. If the vernier lines up on the eighth digit, it also lines up on zero. Enter zero as the number of 1/128 divisions. Problem 1 Whole Inches 1 16th 0.0625 1/128th 0.0078 Problem 2 Whole Inches 1 16th 0.0625 1/128th 0.0078
Problem 3 Whole Inches 1 16th 0.0625 1/128th 0.0078 Problem 4 Whole Inches 1 16th 0.0625 1/128th 0.0078
How toread a Vernier Caliper Problem 5 Whole Inches 1 16th 0.0625 1/128th 0.0078 Problem 6 Whole Inches 1 16th 0.0625 1/128th 0.0078 1
Problem 7 Whole Inches 1 16th 0.0625 1/128th 0.0078 Problem 8 Whole Inches 1 16th 0.0625 1/128th 0.0078 1
How toread a Vernier Caliper Problem 9 Whole Inches 1 16th 0.0625 1/128th 0.0078 Problem 10 Whole Inches 1 16th 0.0625 1/128th 0.0078 1
READING A VERNIER SCALE IN CENTIMETER UNITS Complete the tables and perform the calculations. Problem 1 Whole Number 1 Small Graduates 0.1 Sliding Scale 0.01 Smaller Marks 0.005 Problem 2 Whole Number 1 Small Graduates 0.1 Sliding Scale 0.01 Smaller Marks 0.005 1
How toread a Vernier Caliper Problem 3 Whole Number 1 Small Graduates 0.1 Sliding Scale 0.01 Smaller Marks 0.005 Problem 4 Whole Number 1 Small Graduates 0.1 Sliding Scale 0.01 Smaller Marks 0.005 1
Problem 5 Whole Number 1 Small Graduates 0.1 Sliding Scale 0.01 Smaller Marks 0.005 Problem 6 Whole Number 1 Small Graduates 0.1 Sliding Scale 0.01 Smaller Marks 0.005 1
How toread a Vernier Caliper Problem 7 Whole Number 1 Small Graduates 0.1 Sliding Scale 0.01 Smaller Marks 0.005 Problem 8 Whole Number 1 Small Graduates 0.1 Sliding Scale 0.01 Smaller Marks 0.005 1
Problem 9 Whole Number 1 Small Graduates 0.1 Sliding Scale 0.01 Smaller Marks 0.005 Problem 10 Whole Number 1 Small Graduates 0.1 Sliding Scale 0.01 Smaller Marks 0.005 1
How toread a Vernier Caliper READING A DIAL CALIPER Problem 1 Whole Inches 10ths 1000ths Problem 2 Whole Inches 10ths 1000ths
Problem 3 Whole Inches 10ths 1000ths Problem 4 Whole Inches 10ths 1000ths
How toread a Vernier Caliper Problem 5 Whole Inches 10ths 1000ths MEASURING THE ACRYLIC BLOCK AND LONG ROD Figure 24 Identifying the dimensions 2. Measure the sides. X = Y = Z = 2
3. Measure the length and diameter of the rod. Length: Diameter: MEASURING OBJECT #1 Figure 25 Measuring the width 2. Measure all four slots of the measurement block shown in Figure 25. Sides Slots 1 2 3 4 Figure 26 Identifying the distances between holes 2
How toread a Vernier Caliper 3. Write down the strategy you will use to determine the distances between the holes. 5. Complete the table. Holes D1 D2 D3 D4 6. Complete the table. Holes D1 D2 D3 D4 X Y 2
MEASURING OBJECT #2 1. Print out this page, then measure and record all the circular dimensions shown in Figure 27. Figure 27 Identifying the circular dimensions A = E = B = F = C = G = D = 2. Print out this page, then measure and record the depths of the holes shown in Figure 28. Figure 28 Identifying the holes with depths K = M = L = 2
How toread a Vernier Caliper 3. Figure 29 identifies the through holes that you are to determine the distances between their centers. Outline your strategy for determining these distances. Figure 29 Identifying the distances between through holes 4. Make the measurements that you have indicated in the previous step. A = C = B = 5. Calculate the distances between the centers of the holes and record below. D1 = D2 = D3 = 2
MEASURING OBJECT #3 1. Print out this page and measure the dimensions shown in Figure 30 and record in the spaces provided below. Figure 30 Object # 3 T = W = H = X = Y = 2
How toread a Vernier Caliper Figure 31 Object # 3 2. Print out this page and measure dimensions A, B, and C shown in Figure 31 with the depth bar. A = B = C = 3. Print out this page and measure dimensions M and N to the hole in Figure 31. Show all your work. M = N = Evaluation of the Data 1. For object #1, you measured all four sides of the object. For engineering purposes one would be interested in the average width of the object. What is the average width? 2. What would be the typical dimension listed in a catalog as the width of object #1? 3. If you want to insert an object into the slots of object #1, you would make the mating part less than the smallest dimension. What is the smallest dimension? 4. After measuring all the square holes in object #1, the maximum dimension of a mating pin would have to be less than 5. Looking at the dimension for the holes A and B in object # 2, a mating part going through the holes would have to be less than 2
Questions 1. Identify the part circled in the drawing and explain its function. 2. Identify the part circled in the drawing and explain its function. 3. Identify the part circled in the drawing and explain its function. 2
How toread a Vernier Caliper 4. Identify the fixed scale in the drawing. Check the appropriate box. A. Scale #1 B. Scale #2 5. Identify the movable scale in the drawing. Check the appropriate box. A. Scale #1 B. Scale #2
EXPERIMENT 3 Using a Micrometer Procedure READING A 1-INCH MICROMETER Complete the tables. Problem 1 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 Total Problem 2 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 Total
Using a Micrometer Problem 3 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 Problem 4 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 3
Problem 5 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 Problem 6 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 3
Using a Micrometer Problem 7 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 Problem 8 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 3
Problem 9 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 Problem 10 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 3
Using a Micrometer Problem 11 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 Problem 12 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 3
Problem 13 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 Problem 14 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 3
Using a Micrometer Problem 15 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 Problem 16 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 3
Problem 17 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 Problem 18 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 3
Using a Micrometer Problem 19 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001 Problem 20 Sleeve Number 0.100 Graduations 0.025 Thimble Number 0.001
READING A METRIC MICROMETER Problem 1 Reading Problem 2 Reading Problem 3 Reading Problem 4 Reading
Using a Micrometer Problem 5 Reading 1. Select object #3 and make the measurements indicated in Figure 41. x = y = Figure 41 Object #3 2. Make at least three measurements of the rod diameter. Diameter = Diameter = Diameter = 3. Measure the small and large diameters of the two step rod. Small Diameter = Large Diameter = 4
Questions 1. What type of micrometers did you use to make the measurements on the objects? 2. What is the value of the smallest division on the micrometer you used? 3. What is the function of the ratchet on a micrometer? 4. Identify each of the items shown in the drawing. 5. The micrometer in the drawing could be read as 1.250" + 0.023". What is another way of interpreting the reading? 4
Using a Protractor EXPERIMENT 4 Using a Protractor Procedure 1. Record the measured angles on the lines below. B F G A C D E H I J L K M Q N P O Any angled shapes can be measured with a protractor A = B = C = D = E = F = G = H = I = J = K = L = M = N = O = P = Q = 4
2. Record the measurements on the lines below. H J G I K L A C B D E F M N O Q P R X Z BB T v W CC DD FF S U Y AA EE GG KK MM NN PP QQ TT UU XX ZZ II AAA LL OO VV WW HH JJ RR SS YY BBB A = B = C = D = E = F = G = H = I = J = K = L = M= N = O = P = Q = R = S = T = U = V = W= X = Y= Z= AA= BB= CC= DD= EE= FF= GG = HH= II = JJ = KK= LL = MM = NN= OO = PP = QQ= RR = SS = TT = UU = VV= WW = XX= YY = ZZ = AAA= BBB= 4
Using a Protractor 3. Print out this page and measure angle ABC of object #1 as shown in the drawing. Put the protractor in direct contact with the object. Use the ruler to project the angle. Record your answer. Object #1 4. Project angle ABC from the object onto a piece of paper. Then measure the angle and record your answer. Questions 1. The name of the spot where the two arms of an angle meet is called? 2. Why do some protractors have two scales on them? 3. What makes a vernier protractor different from the protractor used in this experiment? 4
EXPERIMENT 5 Screw and Nut Measurements Using a Gauge Procedure MEASURING SCREWS 1. Complete the data table. Data Table 1 Screw Pitch Diameter Length 1 2 3 4 5 MEASURING NUTS 1. Complete the data table. Data Table 2 Nut Size Coarse/Fine Thickness 1 2 3 4 5 MEASURING THE WASHERS 1. Complete the data table. Data Table 3 Washer 1 2 3 Matches Screw 4
Screw and Nut Measurement Gauge Questions 1. What screw sizing measurement method was the easiest to perform? 2. How is the screw pitch measured with a steel rule? 3. What does UNC stand for? 4. What does UNF stand for? 5. What is an important rule to remember when it comes to measuring length of a screw? Chapter Quiz 1. Length can be measured in. 4 A. meters B. inches C. light years D. all of the above 2. Convert 8 inches into centimeters. A. 20.32 B. 15.24 C. 30.48 D. 8.00 3. A is highly accurate when making linear measurements. A. vernier caliper B. protractor C. micrometer D. steel rule 4. The most accurate graduate size is. A. 64ths B. 8ths C. 32nds D. 16ths
5. When using a vernier caliper the jaws should. A. only close to touch the object B. not hold the item like the jaws of a vise C. only touch the inside surface of the object D. all of the above 6. The reading will be if the depth bar bends. A. greater than it should be B. less than it should be C. distorted D. unchanged 7. The dial on a caliper makes one revolution for each of an inch. A. tenth B. hundredth C. thousandth D. millionth 8. The jaws of the micrometer may because of too much pressure. A. bend B. break C. distort a reading D. spring into a new position 9. The is the primary organization for development of technology standards in the United States. A. American National Standards Institute B. American Standards Association C. American Society of Mechanical Engineers D. Society of Automotive Engineers 10. Unified Coarse Thread (UNC) and Unified Fine Thread (UNF) are the most common series in the United States. A. True B. False 4
Screw and Nut Measurement Gauge Notes
Published by Energy Concepts, Inc. NO. 27201J