Introduction to AutoCAD 2010

Page 1 Introduction to AutoCAD 2010 Alf Yarwood Chapter 17 Exercise 1 1. Open AutoCAD 2010 with a double-click on its shortcut icon in the Windows desktop. 3. Use the two layers 0 and Cyan. 4. Set the variable UCSFOLLOW to 1. 5. At the command line: Command: enter ucs right-click Current ucs name: *WORLD* Specify origin of UCS or [Face/NAmed/OBject/Previous/View/World/X/Y/Z/ZAxis] <World>: enter g (for orthographic) right-click Enter an option [Top/Bottom/Front/BAck/Left/Right]<Top>: enter f (for Front) right-click Regenerating model. Command: 6. Zoom to 1. 7. Construct a closed polyline outline for the bracket and extrude to a height of 60. Note the external radius of the left-hand end of the bracket is 25. 8. Place in the ViewCube/Isometric view. Then, at the command line: Command: enter ucs right-click Current ucs name: *FRONT* Specify origin of UCS or [Face/NAmed/OBject/Previous/ View/World/X/Y/Z/ZAxis] <World>: enter n (for New) rightclick Specify origin of new UCS or [ZAxis/3point/OBject/Face/ View/X/Y/Z] <0,0,0>:: enter f (for Face) right-click Select face of solid object: pick the upper sloping face Enter an option [Next/Xflip/Yflip] <accept>: right-click unless the wrong face is highlighted, enter n (for Next) and continue if needed until correct face is chosen Regenerating model. Command: 9. The drawing area regenerates with the upper face as the new UCS. 10 Construct a cylinder for the hole into which the pin fits at 75 from the right-hand end of the face and subtract it from the face. Note the height of the cylinder is -15 (because the upper surface of the face is lying in the UCS plane). 11. Make the layer Cyan current and construct two cylinders for the pin that fits into the upper arm of the bracket. Note the negative numbers given to the heights of the cylinders in the following command line sequence. Command: _cylinder Specify center point for base of cylinder or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical] <0,0,0>:.xy of pick centre of hole (need Z): enter -15 right-click Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: enter 20 right-click Specify height of cylinder or [2Point/Axix endpoint]: enter -10 right-click Command: right-click

Page 2 CYLINDER Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical] <0,0,0>: enter.xy rightclick of pick centre of hole (need Z): enter -15 right-click Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: enter 15 right-click Specify height of cylinder or [2Point/Axis endpoint]: enter 30 right-click Command: 12. The two cylinders of the nut have now been constructed. Join the two cylinders to form a union. Command: _union Select objects: pick one of the cylinders 1 found Select objects: pick the other 1 found, 2 total Select objects: right-click Command: 13. Place in UCS FRONT view to check the pin is correct and Zoom to 1. 14. Make the layer 0 current. 15. Place the drawing in the ViewCube/Isometric view, enter ucs at the command line and pick the bottom face. Construct the cylinder for the hole and subtract it from the bracket. 16. Make layer Cyan current. Construct another nut in its position in the hole. 17. Place the drawing in the UCS WORLD. 18. Add suitable lighting and materials to the pins and bracket. 19. Place the drawing in the ViewCube/Isometric view and render. 20. Save the drawing with a file name 17_Exercise01.dwg to a floppy disk. 21. Close the drawing window. Chapter 17 Exercise 2 1. Open AutoCAD 2010 with a double-click on its shortcut icon in the Windows desktop. 3. Construct two concentric polygons each of six sides, the first of an edge length 46 and the second of an edge length 80. 4. Extrude the first polygon to a height of 60 and the second to a height of 30. 5. Set UCSFOLLOW to 1. 6. Place the drawing in the Front view, move the smaller extrusion to sit on top of the larger and form a union of the two solids. 7. Place the union in the ViewCube/Isometric view and enter ucs at the command line. Command: enter ucs right-click Current ucs name: *FRONT* Specify origin of UCS or [Face/NAmed/OBject/ Previous/View/World/X/Y/Z/ZAxis] <World>: enter n (New) right-click Specify origin of new UCS or [ZAxis/3point/OBject/ Face/View/X/Y/Z] <0,0,0>: enter f (Face) right-click Select face of solid object: pick a face of the lower extrusion Enter an option [Next/Xflip/Yflip] <accept>: right-click Regenerating model. Command:

8. Zoom to 1. 9. On the face construct a polyline for the extended hole and extrude it to a height of -160 (higher than required). 10. Subtract the extrusion from the model. 11. Repeat steps 7 to 10 for the other two faces of the lower polygonal extrusion. 12. Repeat steps 7 to 10 for three of the faces of the upper of the polygonal extrusions, but this time construct cylinders on the faces of radius 15 and height 100 (again higher than necessary). 13. Add suitable lighting and a material. 14. Save the drawing with the file name 17_Exercise02.dwg to a floppy disk. 15. Close the drawing window. Chapter 17 Exercise 3 Page 3 1. Open AutoCAD 2010 with a double-click on its shortcut icon in the Windows desktop. 3. Set UCSFOLLOW to 1. 4. Construct the plan view of one of the flanges. Extrude the outer polyline and the R5 circles by 15. Subtract the circular extrusions from the outer extrusion. 5. Place the drawing in a new UCS using the 3point prompt. Command: enter ucs right-click Current ucs name: *WORLD* Specify origin of UCS or [Face/NAmed/OBject/Previous/View/World/X/Y/Z/ZAxis] <World>: enter 3 right-click Specify new origin point <0,0,0>: pick a point to the left of a line central to the extrusion Specify point on positive portion of X-axis <141,160,0>: pick a point to the right of the extrusion Specify point on positive-y portion of the UCS XY plane <140,161,0>: enter.xy right-click of pick the first point (need Z): enter 1 right-click Regenerating model. Command: right-click The extrusion regenerates in a new UCS central to the extrusion. 6. Zoom to 1. 7. Construct a quarter circle of radius 105 as a path for extrusions. 8. Place the drawing in the ViewCube/Isometric view and Zoom to 1. 9. Extrude the two circles for the pipe along the path of the quarter circle. 10. Place the drawing in the Front view. 11. Zoom to 1. 12. Copy the base and rotate the copy through 90. Then move the copy to its place at the end of the quarter circle path. 13. Place the drawing in the VieCube/Isometric view. 14. Form a union from the two flanges and the outer quarter circle extrusion and subtract the inner quarter circle extrusion from the union. 15. Place the drawing in the UCS WORLD and add suitable lighting. 16. Attach a material and render. 17. Save to a floppy disk with the file name 17_Exercise03.dwg. 18. Close the drawing window.

Page 4 Chapter 17 Exercise 4 1. Open AutoCAD 2010 with a double-click on its shortcut icon in the Windows desktop. 3. Reset Limits to an A3 size (594 x 420) as follows: Command: enter limits right-click Reset Model space limits: Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0,0>: right-click Specify upper right corner <420,297>: enter 594,420 right-click Command: enter z right-click Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nx or nxp), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] <real time>: enter a rightclick Command: 4. Set UCSFOLLOW to 1. 5. Set the UCS to FRONT and Zoom to 1. 6. On layer 0 construct the outline of the front view of the left-hand end of part of the arm and extrude to a height of 20. Subtract the hole from the arm. 7. Set the screen to the Top view and Zoom to 1. 8. Construct a polyline outline of the plan of the right-hand end of the arm and extrude to a height of 15. 9. Set the Front view, Zoom to 1 and move the right-hand end of the arm to its position at the end of the lefthand end. Form a union of the two parts. 10. Place in the ViewCube/Isometric view. Fillet the left-hand edges to a radius of 10 and the curves of the handle to a radius of 5 (using the Chain prompt of the Fillet command line sequence).

Page 5 12. Make Red current. 13. In the Front view construct a polyline outline for a solid of revolution for the spindle. 14. Set ISOLINES to 12. 15. Form a solid of revolution for the spindle using the Revolve tool from the 3Home/3D Modeling panel. 16. Make layer 0 current and construct a cylinder for the hole in the arm to take the pin. 17. In the Front view move the hole and spindle to their correct positions in the arm and subtract the hole from the arm. 18. Make Magenta current, construct a pline outline for a solid of revolution of the pin and revolve. 19. Make Magenta current and construct outlines for the base. Extrude the curbed part to a height of 20 and the rectangular base to a height of 90. 20. In the Top view move the parts to their correct positions relative to each other. Construct cylinders for the holes in the base. 21. Go back to the Front view and move the holes to their correct places in the base. Union the two parts of the base and subtract the holes. 22. Place the drawing in the ViewCube/ Isometric view and fillet the corners of the base plate to a radius of 20. 23. Go back to the Top view and add lights - a Point light above, a Distant light to the front and above, and another Distant light to the leftfront and above.

Page 6 24. Place in the VidwCube/Isometric view and attach materials to the parts of the model. 25. Save the drawing in a floppy disk with the file name 17_Exercise04.dwg. 26. Close the drawing window. Chapter 17 Exercise 5 1. Open AutoCAD 2010 with a double-click on its shortcut icon in the Windows desktop. 3. Construct a polyline outline for the base of the device, extrude all parts to a height of 7.5 and subtract the holes from the base. 4. Set UCSFOLLOW to 1. 5. At the command line: Command: enter ucs right-click Current ucs name: *WORLD* Specify origin of UCS or [Face/NAmed/OBject/ Previous/View/World/X/Y/Z/ZAxis] <World>: enter 3 right-click Specify new origin point <0,0,0>: pick a point to the left and central to the plan Specify point on positive portion of X-axis <116,170,0>: pick a point to the right and central to the plan Specify point on positive-y portion of the UCS XY plane <115,171,0>: enter.xy right-click of pick the first point (need Z): enter 1 right-click Regenerating model. Command: 6. Zoom to 1. 7. Set ISOLINES to 12. 8. On this new UCS plane which is central to the base construct a polyline for a solid of revolution for the upright part of the device and revolve the pline through 360. 9. Place the drawing in the ViewCube/Isometric view and Zoom to 1. 10. Union the two parts and fillet the join to a radius of 5. 11. Add lighting to the model and attach a material. 12. Render the model. 13. Save the drawing with the file name 17_Exercise05.dwg to a floppy disk. 14. Close the drawing window.

Page 7 Chapter 17 Exercise 6 1. Open AutoCAD 2010 with a double-click on its shortcut icon in the Windows desktop. 3. Set UCSFOLLOW to 1. 4. Place the AutoCAD drawing area in the Front view and construct an outline of the fork part of the connector and extrude to a height of 40. 5. Place in the Top view and construct two cylinders, one of radius 15 and height 50 and the other of radius 10 and height 60. 6. In the Front view move the two cylinders to their correct positions at the top of the fork. 7. Form a union between the fork and the larger cylinder and subtract the smaller from the union. 8. In the Right view construct a cylinder of radius 10 and height 70 for the holes in the fork. 9. In the Front view move the cylinder to its correct position in the fork and subtract from the fork. 10 In the ViewCube/Isometric view fillet the bottom corners of the fork ends to a radius of 20. 11. Make the Cyan layer current. 12. In the Right view construct a cylinder for the pin of Radius 10 and height 100. 13. In the Front view move the cylinder into its correct position central to the fork. 14. In the Top view add suitable lighting. 15. In theviewcube/isometric view attach materials to the fork and pin and render the model. 16. Save the model drawing with the file name 17_Exercise06.dwg to a floppy disk. 17. Close the drawing window.

Page 8 Chapter 17 Exercise 7 1. Open AutoCAD 2010 with a double-click on its shortcut icon in the Windows desktop. 3. Set UCSFOLLOW to 1. 4. In the Front view construct an outline of the body of the steady and extrude to a height of 26. 5. In a Right view set a UCS 3point on the front face of the extrusion. 6. At the holes construct plines for solids of revolution for the bosses to the holes. It is easiest to construct one of the bosses, then go into the Front view and copy the single boss to the other holes. Then form a union of the body and the bosses. 7. Set a UCS 3point along the line of the sloping top edge of the body. This will allow the construction of the holes for the part 2. Subtract the cylinders from the body. 8. In a similar manner construct the holes for part 2 at the right-hand side of the body - form a UCS 3point along the right-hand edge. While in this UCS make the Red layer current and construct the two parts of part 2. 9. Go back to Front view, copy the two parts of part 2 and rotate the copy to fit into the upper two holes. 10. Make Magenta current and set a Right view. Construct both a part 4 and a part 6. 11. Move the parts just constructed to their correct positions. Note If desired more realism can be given to the screw threads by constructing the plines for the required screws and bolts as follows: (a) For part 4, for example, construct this polyline outline. The command line sequence for the thread would be: Command: enter pl right-click Specify start point: pick Current line-width is 0 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: enter @2<240 right click Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: enter @2<120 right click

Page 9 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/ Width]: enter @2<240 right- click Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/ Width]: enter @2>120 right- click and so on until the required length of thread is completed. (b) Then call REVOLVE. The result will be as shown. (c) The screwed holes for the screws and bolts could be constructed in a similar manner. 12. Add suitable lighting and materials and render the completed model. 13. Save the model drawing with the file name 17_Exercise07.dwg in a floppy disk. 14. Close the drawing window.

Page 10 Chapter 17 Exercise 8 1. Open AutoCAD 2009 with a double-click on its shortcut icon in the Windows desktop. 3. Construct plines as shown - working to your own dimensions. 4. Place the drawing in the Front view, Zoom to 1 and copy the plines vertically upwards by a suitable number of units. 5. Place in the Southwest Isometric view. 6. Set SURFTAB1 to 36 and SURFTAB2 to 2. 7. Enter rulesurf at the command line. The command line shows: Command: _rulesurf Current wire frame density: SURFTAB1=36 Select first defining curve: pick the top line at the front Select second defining curve: pick the bottom line at the front. Command: 8. Continue forming the ruled surfaces on the other three sides and the base. 9. Make the layer Construction current. 10. In the Front view make a new 3point UCS above the top of the model. 11. Construct pline arcs at the left and right-hand ends the same as those in the model and plines from the ends of the arcs. 12. Turn layer 0 off. 13. Form a 3point UCS across the ends of the smaller arc and construct a pline arc between the ends of the smaller arc. 14. Go back to the Front view and form an arc in a similar manner across the ends of the larger arc. 15. Form edgesurfs across each of the three surfaces. 16. Open layer 0 and make it the current layer. 17. Call Hide Material accompanying Introduction to AutoCAD 2009, ISBN 978-1-85617-868-6. Copyright 2009, Alf

Page 11 18. Place in the Top view and add lighting. 19. Attach materials and render. 20. Save with the file name 18_Exercise01.dwg to a floppy disk. 21. Close the drawing window. Chapter 17 Exercise 9 1. Open AutoCAD 2009 with a double-click on its shortcut icon in the Windows desktop. 3. In the Front view construct the polyline as shown in Fig.????. 4. In the Top view copy and rotate and move the pline until there are four plines as required for the edgesurf surface. 5. Place the drawing in the Southwest Isometric view. 6. Set both SURFTAB1 and SURFTAB2 to 32. 7. Enter edgesurf at the command line. Following the prompts at the command line pick each of the four plines in turn. Material accompanying Introduction to AutoCAD 2009, ISBN 978-1-85617-868-6. Copyright 2009, Alf Yarwood. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Page 12 8. Left-click in the surface and left-click on Green in the popup list from the Home/Layers panel. The surface changes colour. 9. Select the Realistic visual style. 10. The surface changes to a green Realistic shaded surface. 11. Save the model drawing to a file name 19_Exercise01.dwg in a floppy disk. Chapter 17 Exercise 10 1. Open AutoCAD 2009 with a double-click on its shortcut icon in the Windows desktop. 3. In the Front view and working to dimensions of your own choice construct the plines for the three edgesurf surfaces. The curved plines Object 1 and Object 2 are best constructed on two 3point UCSs. 4. Set both SURFTAB1 and SURFTAB2 to 24. Material accompanying Introduction to AutoCAD 2009, ISBN 978-1-85617-868-6. Copyright 2009, Alf Yarwood. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Page 13 5. Enter edgesurf at the command line and form the surfaces by picking each of the four edges for each of the three surfaces in turn. 6. Change the colour of the three surfaces to green. 7. Erase the original plines on which the edgesurf surfaces had been constructed. 8. Set to the Realistic visual style. 9. In the Top view add suitable lighting. 10. In the Southwest Isometric view attach a material and render. 11. Save the drawing to the file name 19_Exercise05.dwg in a floppy disk. 12. Close the drawing window. 12. Close the drawing window. Chapter 17 Exercise 11 1. Open AutoCAD 2009 with a double-click on its shortcut icon in the Windows desktop. 3. Make a new layer magneta of colour magenta. 4. In the Top view construct a semicircle of radius 25. 5. In the Front view construct a semicircle of radius 75. Move the semicircle so that its left-hand end is central to the radius 25 circle. 6. Place in the Southeast Isometric view. 7. Call the Extrude tool from the Home/3D Modeling panel. 8. Extrude the radius 25 semicircle along the path of the radius 75 semicircle. 9. Save the model drawing with the file name 17_Exercise08.dwg in a floppy disk. 10. Close the drawing window. Material accompanying Introduction to AutoCAD 2009, ISBN 978-1-85617-868-6. Copyright 2009, Alf Yarwood. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Page 14 Additional examples - 1 1. Open AutoCAD 2010 with a double-click on its shortcut icon in the Windows desktop. 3. Make the layer Blue current and in the ViewCube//Top view construct the outlines of the plan of the Support ready for extrusions. 4. Extrude the main outline to a height of 15, the top recess to a height of 6 and the lower recess to a height of 9. 5. Place in ViewCube//Front view and move the upper recess 9 vertically. Subtract the upper recess from the main extrusion, followed by subtracting the lower recess. 6. Place in the ViewCube//Top view and construct the cylinders holding the rod. Form a union of the larger of the two cylinders and the body of the support. 7. Place in theviewcube/front view and construct one of the flanges. 8. In ViewCube/Top move the flange into its correct position and mirror to obtain the second flange. With the Union tool from a union between the main extrusion and the two flanges. Then subtract the R8 cylinder from this union. 9. Construct a box of width 2 to form the slot between the two flanges and subtract it from the main body. 10. In ViewCube/Top and with layer Red current. Construct a cylinder for the rod of the Tool Rest and a second for the R12 part of the rest. Form a union between the two cylinders. 11. In ViewCube/Front construct a polyline for the rest and extrude to a height of 150. Form a union with the two cylinders. 12. In ViewCube/Top construct an outline to form an extrusion to subtract from the Tool Rest to complete its shape and then subtract it from the existing rest. Then fillet the corners of the rest to a radius of 5. 13. Form a union of the rest and its rod. 14. Set layer Magenta current and in ViewCube/Right construct an outline for one of the Clamp Parts. Extrude to a height of 40 and fillet its edges. Then, in ViewCube/Top, construct a cylinder for its hole and subtract it from the clamp part. 15. Mirror the clamp part to form the second Clamp Part. Material accompanying Introduction to AutoCAD 2010, ISBN 978-1-85617-868-6. Copyright 2009, Alf Yarwood. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 15 16. Set layer 0 current and in ViewCube/Front construct a pline outline for the screw threads of the Tool Rest Screw and the Clamp Bolt. Use the following entries at the command line for the screw thread: Command: enter pl (for polyline) right-click PLINE Specify start point: pick a point Current line-width is 0 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: enter @1.5<30 rightclick Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: enter @1.5<150 right-click Continue this sequence until the required length of screw (30) is obtained. 17. Form a solid of revolution from the outline using the Revolve tool. 18. Before completing the bolts construct parts 5 and 9 using copies of the screw thread to subtract from the parts to form the screw threads within those parts. 19. In ViewCube/Front, construct two plines from which solids of revolution can be formed using Revolve and form a union of the two solids to construct the Clamp Nut. Then copy the screw thread to lie centrally within the union and subtract the thread from the Clamp Nut. 20. Now construct the handle for the Tool Rest Nut and subtract a copy of the screw thread to complete the nut. 21. The two bolts can now be completed. (See note below). 22. On layer Green construct the Washer (item 4). 23. While in layer Green, construct part 7 (Cap Bolt Washer) in the 3D ViewCube/Top view. 24. Place the parts in an exploded view in their correct position to each other and place in the ViewCube/Isometric view. This view as shown is in Visual Styles/Realistic. 25. In ViewCube/Top add a Point Light immediately above the model, a Distant light in front of, to the right and at a height of 550 pointing to the centre of the model and another Direct Light to the front/left, at a height of 450 pointing top the centre of the model. Material accompanying Introduction to AutoCAD 2010, ISBN 978-1-85617-868-6. Copyright 2009, Alf Yarwood. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 16 26. Apply materials as follows: Parts 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7: Metals, Steel set to Realistic, User Defined. Part 3: Metals, Bronze, Satin set to Realistic, use Defined. Part 8: Finishes, Painting, Varnish set to Realistic, Paint Gloss. Part 9: Metals, Copper set to Realistic, User Defined. 26. Set renderings to Presentation, 1024 x 768, call Render Cropped Region and render the model. 27. Save the model drawing with the file name 17_Exercise08.dwg in a floppy disk. 28. Close the drawing window. Note: To construct a hexagonal bolt head 1. ViewCube/Top. Construct a hexagonal extrusion of a suitable edge length and height for the bolt head. 2. ViewCube/Front. Construct a pline triangle as shown. 3. With Revolve form a solid of revolution from the pline. 4. With Subtract, subtract the solid of revolution from the hexagonal extrusion. Secondary note: The method of constructing a screw thread shown in this exercise is for illustrative purposes only. Additional examples - 2 1. Open AutoCAD 2010 with a double-click on its shortcut icon in the Windows desktop. 3. Layer Red current. ViewCube/Top. Construct cylinders for the main parts of Item 2 the Body. 4. ViewCube/Front. Move the cylinders into their correct positions relative to each other. 5. Construct a polyline outline of the upper flange and extrude to a height of 22. Mirror the flange to produce the lower flange. 6. ViewCube/Top. Move the flanges to their correct position with the cylinders. 7. ViewCube/Isometric. Form a union of the flanges and cylinders. Material accompanying Introduction to AutoCAD 2010, ISBN 978-1-85617-868-6. Copyright 2009, Alf

Page17 8. ViewCube/Front. Construct a pline outline for the web central to the body and form a union of the web and body. 9 Construct extrusions for the lugs each side of the right hand cylinder. 10. ViewCube/Top. Move the lugs into their correct position relative to the cylinders and form a union of the lugs and the body. 11. Construct a box for the slot between the lugs and subtract it from the body. 12. Subtract the R 8 cylinder from the body at the right-hand end of the model. 13. ViewCube/Front. Layer Blue. Construct a polyline outline and with the Revolve tool form the solid of revolution for Part 7 (Rod). 14. ViewCube/Front. Layer Magenta. Construct part 1 using similar methods as shown in the previous exercise previous exercise.. 15. ViewCube/Top. Construct the part 6 (Bolt). 16. ViewCube. Layer Red. Copy part 1 into part 2 and subtract from part 2 to form the screw thread in part 2. Material accompanying Introduction to AutoCAD 2010, ISBN 978-1-85617-868-6. Copyright 2009, Alf Yarwood. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 18 16. ViewCube/Front. Layer Cyan. Construct plines from which to revolve part 3 (Clamp). 17. Construct part 5 (Washer) from two cylinders, subtracting the smaller from the larger. 18. ViewCube/Top. Construct plines from which to revolve part 4 (Nut). 19. Copy part 6 (Bolt) into Part 4 (Nut) and in Layer Cyan subtract the bolt screw form the Nut. 20. ViewCube/Front and ViewCube/Top. Move parts to fit together, 21. ViewCube/Top. Place a Point Light immediately above the model, a Distant Light in front of and to the right of the model at 600 high and a second Distant Light in front of to the left and at a height of 350. Both Distant Lights to be pointing to the centre of the model. 22. Apply materials as follows: Body: Finishes, Painting, Varnishes set to Realistic, Fabric. Parts 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6: Metals, Brass set to Realistic, User Defined Rod: Metals, Steel set to Realistic Metal, User Defined 23. ViewCube/Isometric. Render the model. 24. Save the model drawing with the file name Exercise09.dwg in a floppy disk. 25. Close the drawing window.

Page 19 Additional examples - 3 1. Open AutoCAD 2010 with a double-click on its shortcut icon in the Windows desktop. 3. ViewCube/Top. Layer Red. Construct a polyline outline of the throw-crank and its hole and a circle for the pin of the crank. Extrude to given heights and subtract hole form body and union rod with body. 4. Layer Blue. Construct the spindle from 2 cylinders and 2 boxes (for the slots to take keys). 5. ViewCube/Front. Move the parts of the spindle constructed in the Top view and with Union join the two cylinders and with Subtract, subtract the two boxes from the union. 6. Layer Magenta. Construct a polyline outline from which the pulley can be revolved and using the tool Revolve form a solid of revolution from the polyline. 7. ViewCube/Top. Construct a box for the keyhole and subtract it from the pulley. 8. ViewCube/Front. Layer Green. Construct polyline outlines for the two keys and extrude them to their correct height.

Page 20 9. Move the parts to form an exploded view in ViewCube/ Isometric. Using the 3dorbit tool move the isometric position vertically. 10. Add a Spotlight to front and right and a height of 450 pointing to the centre of the exploded view. Add a Distant Light in front and to the left of the model at a height of 300 pointing to the centre of the model. Add a Point Light vertically above the model at a height of 900. 11. Apply materials as follows: Pulley: Metals, Steel set with Realistic Metal and User defined metal, and adjusting the colour. Spindle: Metals, Bronze set with Realistic Metal and User defined metal, and adjusting the colour. Throw-crank: Metals, Brass set with Realistic Metal and User defined metal, and adjusting the colour. Keys: Metals, Copper set with Realistic Metal and User defined metal, and adjusting the colour. 12. Render the exploded model. 13. Save the model drawing with the file name Exercise10.dwg in a floppy disk. 14. Close the drawing window. Additional exercises 1. A rendering of a 3D solid model drawing of a small platform which can rotate in its forked holder is shown. Construct a 3D solid model drawing of the platform and its holder working to the details given in the two-view third angle orthographic projection below. Add suitable lighting and materials and render the model.

Page 21 2. A 3D solid model drawing of a garage is shown to the right and details of its sizes are given in a two-view drawing on below. The thickness of all parts except the roof is 2.5, the roof thickness being 2. The hatching of the roof and front wall needs to be placed on a flat plane which is then placed over the extrusions forming the roof and wall. Construct the 3D solid model drawing. 3. A two-view drawing of a link is shown below. Working to the details given in this drawing construct a 3D solid model drawing of the link, followed by adding lights and a suitable material before rendering.

Page 22 4. A rendered tumbler is shown below. Working to the details given in the polyline outline, construct the outline and from it produce a solid of revolution. From the resulting 3D model subtract elliptical finger grip cutouts, before rendering, add suitable lighting and a glass material. Multiple choice questions 1. The term UCS stands for: (a) User Coordinate State (b) Using Coordinates Screen (c) User Coordinate System (d) User Coordinate Set 2. Before the UCS system can be used: (a) The set variable UCSFOLLOW must be set to 1 (b) The set variable UCSFOLLOW must be set to 0 (c) It does not matter whether the set variable UCSFOLLOW is set to any number, the UCS system will still operate (d) The set variable UCSFOLLOW does not need to be set because it becomes operative when the UCS is in use 3. Before the UCS system can be used, the UCS icon: (a) Must be showing somewhere on screen (b) Need not appear anywhere on screen (c) Must be showing at the bottom left-hand corner of the screen (d) The UCS icon can only show on screen if the setting of the set variable UCSFOLLOW is correct 4. The term UCS WORLD applies to: (a) The plane on which the operator is working at the time (b) The standard XY plane which appears when AutoCAD is loaded on screen (c) Any one of the orthogonal planes (d) Any plane set when working in the UCS 5. A 2D outline constructed using the line and circle tools can be extruded to form a 3D model: (a) Yes (b) No (c) Only if it is first made into a region (d) Either if it is first made into a region or if its outline is edited to form a closed polyline