1. Diagram 1.1 shows the apparatus set-up to carry out an experiment to compare the hardness of bronze and its pure metal, copper. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan gambarajah susunan radas untuk membandingkan kekerasan gangsa dengan logam tulennya, kuprum. Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1 The experiment was carried out according the following steps: Eksperimen tersebut dijalankan berdasarkan langkah-langkah berikut: Step 1: A steel ball bearing is taped onto the copper block. Langkah 1: Satu bebola keluli dilekatkan di atas blok kuprum. Step 2: A 1 kg weight is hung at a height of 50 cm above the copper block as shown in Diagram 1.1. Langkah 2: Pemberat 1 kilogram digantung pada ketinggian 50 cm di atas bongkah Kuprum seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.1. Step 3: The weight is dropped onto the ball bearing. Langkah 3: Pemberat dijatuhkan ke atas bebola keluli. Step 4: The diameter of the dent formed on the copper block is measured. Langkah 4: Diameter lekukan yang terbentuk pada bongkah kuprum diukur. Step 5: Steps 1 to 4 are repeated on two other parts of the copper block in order to obtain an average value for the diameter of dents formed. Langkah 5: Langkah 1 hingga 4 diulang pada dua bahagian lain bongkah kuprum untuk memperoleh purata diameter lekukan yang terbentuk. Step 6: Steps 1 to 5 are repeated by replacing the copper block with bronze block. Langkah 6: Langkah 1 hingga 5 diulang untuk menggantikan bongkah kuprum dengan bongkah gangsa. 1
Diagram 1.2 shows the shape of dents formed for the experiment. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan lekuk yang terbentuk bagi eksperimen itu. Rajah 1.2 Diagram 1.2 Table 1.1 shows the view of the dents made on bronze and copper block. Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan pandangan lekuk yang terhasil di atas bongkah gangsa dan bongkah kuprum. Experiment Eksperimen Copper Kuprum Bronze Gangsa I Diameter : II III Diameter : Table 1.1 Jadual 1.1 2
(a) (i) By using the ruler given, measure the diameters of the dents made on copper and bronze blocks. Record all the diameters of the dents in Table 1.1. Dengan menggunakan pembaris yang diberikan, ukur diameter lekuk yang terhasil di atas bongkah kuprum dan bongkah gangsa. Catatkan semua diameter dalam Jadual 1.1 (ii) Show calculations for the average diameter of the dents formed on copper and bronze blocks. Tunjukkan pengiraan purata diameter lekukan yang terbentuk pada bongkah kuprum dan gangsa. (iii) Construct a table to record the diameters of the dents and the average diameter of dents on copper and bronze blocks. Bina satu jadual untuk merekod diameter lekuk-lekuk dan purata diameter lekuk pada bongkah kuprum dan bongkah gangsa. (b) State one observation for this experiment. Nyatakan satu pemerhatian daripada eksperimen ini. 3
(c) Based on the average diameter of the dents on copper block and bronze block, state the inference that can be made. Berdasarkan purata diameter lekuk di atas bongkah kuprum dan bongkah gangsa, nyatakan inferens yang boleh dibuat (d) Based on this experiment ini, nyatakan: Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan: (i) The manipulated variable Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan (ii) The responding variable Pembolehubah bergerakbalas (iii) The manipulated variable Pembolehubah dimalarkan (e) State the hypothesis for this experiment. Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini. (f) Based on the Diagram 1.2, state the operational definition for an alloy. Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi aloi..... 4
(g) State the relationship between diameter of dent and hardness of the material. Nyatakan hubungan antara diameter lekuk dengan kekerasan bahan. (h) Explain why there is a difference in diameter of the dents on copper and bronze blocks. Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan diameter lekuk pada bongkah kuprum dan gangsa. (i) Classify the following materials into pure metal and alloy. Kelaskan bahan-bahan berikut kepada logam tulen dan aloi. Brass, Pewter, Aluminium, Stainless steel, Tin and Iron. Loyang, Puiter, Aluminium, Kelulitahan karat, TimahdanBesi. Pure metal Logam tulen Alloy Aloi 5
2. Diagram 2.1 shows a conversation between two students after attending a school activity near the beach. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan perbualan antara dua orang pelajar selepas menghadiri aktiviti sekolah berdekatan dengan pantai. Hei Ali!! why is your shirt looks dirty while Abu s shirt looks clean? Hei Ali!!...kenapa baju awak Nampak comot sedangkan baju Abu Nampak bersih? Teacher when we were at the beach, I washed my shirt using soap while Abu used detergent. Cikgu. ketika kami di pantai saya basuh baju menggunakan sabun sedangkan Abu menggunakan detergen. It s correct.. Betul.betul Diagram 2.1/ Rajah 2.1 Referring to the above conversation, plan a laboratory experiment to compare the effectiveness of soap and detergent in sea water. Merujuk kepada perbualan di atas, rancang satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan keberkesanan sabun dan detergen dalam air laut. You are provided with apparatus and materials such as beakers and two pieces of cloth with the same oily stains. Anda dibekalkan dengan radas dan bahan seperti bikar dan dua keeping kain dengan kesan kotoran minyak yang sama. 6
Your planning should include the following: Perancangan anda haruslah mengandungi perkara-perkara berikut : (a) Problem statement Penyataan masalah (b) All the variables Semua pembolehubah (c) Statement of the hypothesis Pernyataan hipotesis (d) List of substances and apparatus Senarai bahan dan radas (e) Procedure of the experiment Prosedur eksperimen (f) Tabulation of data Penjadualan data [17 marks] [17 markah] END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT 7