Works Consulted. Rowling, J(oanne) K(athleen).Harry Potter and the Philosopher s Stone. London:

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211 Works Consulted Primary Sources Rowling, J(oanne) K(athleen).Harry Potter and the Philosopher s Stone. London: Bloomsbury, 1997. ---. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. London: Bloomsbury, 1998. ---. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. London: Bloomsbury,1999. ---. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. London: Bloomsbury, 2000. ---. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. London: Bloomsbury, 2003. ---. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. London: Bloomsbury, 2005. ---. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. London: Bloomsbury, 2007. Tolkien, J(ohn) R(onald) R(euel). The Lord of the Rings. London: Harper Collins Publishers, 2005. Secondary Sources Books Abanes, Richard. Harry Potter and the Bible: The Menace Behind the Magick. Camp Hill, Penn: Horizon Books, 2001. Apter, T.E. Fantasy Literature: An Approach to Reality. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982. Atterbery, Brian. Strategies of Fantasy. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992. Baker, Robert K and Sandra J. Ball. Mass Media and Violence. A Report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. Vol.ix Washington: US Government Printing Office, Nov. 1969. Barrie, J.M. Peter Pan. New York: Henry Holt, 1987. Baudrillard, J. Simulations. Trans. N. Dufresne. New York: Semio text(e), 1983.

212 Becker, Alida ed. The Tolkien Scrapbook. Philadelphia: Running Press, 1978 Bennet, E.A. What Jung Really Said. New York: Schocken Books, 1983. Bettelheim, Bruno. The Uses of Enchantment. The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales. London: Penguin Books, 1991. Blake, Andrew. The Irresistible Rise of Harry Potter. London: Verso, 2002. Bok, Sissela. Mayhem: Violence as Public Entertainment. A MerLoyd Lawrence Book. Mass: Addison Wesley, 1998. Bridger, Francis. A Charmed Life: The Spirituality of Potterworld. New York: Image Books, 2002. Brooke-Rose, Christine. A Rhetoric of the Unreal: Studies in Narrative and Structure Especially of the Fantastic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Byatt, A.S. On Histories and Stories. Cambridge, Mass: Harward University Press, 2001. Campbell, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1972. Camus, Albert; The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays. Trans. Gustin O Brien. New York: Vintage Books, 1955. Cantor, J. Mummy, I m scared : How TV and Movies Frighten Children and What We Can Do to Protect Them. San Diego: Harcourt Brace, 1998. Carpenter, Humphery. J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography. Great Britain: Grafton (an imprint of Harper Collins), 1992. ---. Secret Gardens: A Study of the Golden Age of Children s Literature. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985. Carter, Lin. Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings. New York: Ballantine Books, 1969.

213 Colbert, David. The Magical Worlds of Harry Potter: A Treasury of Myths, Legends, and Fascinating Facts. New York: Berkley Books, 2001. ----. The Magical Worlds of the Lord of the Rings. London: Puffin Books, 2002. Colby, Jean Poindexter. Writing, Illustrating and Editing Children s Books. New York: Hastings House, 1974. Constantine, Georgiou. Children and Their Literature New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 1969. Coren, Michael. J.R.R. Tolkien: The Man Who Created the Lord of the Rings. London: Boxtree, 2001. Cott, J. Pipers at the Gates of Dawn: The Wisdom of Children s Literature. London: Viking, 1984. Coyle, William. Aspects of Fantasy: Selected Essays from the Second International Conference on the Fantastic in Literature and Film. Westport, Connecticut: Green Wood Press, 1986. Culler, Jonathan. Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Curry, Patrick. Defending Middle-earth: Tolkien Myth and Modernity. New York: St:Martins, 1997. Day, David. A Guide to Tolkien. London: Chancellor Press, 2001. Dozois, Gardners, et al. ed. Writing Science Fiction and Fantasy. New York: St.Martin s Griffin, 1997. Eaglestone, Robert. Ed. Reading the Lord of the Rings: New Writings on Tolkien s Classic. London: Continnum, 2005. Eagleton, Terry. The English Novel: An Introduction. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2005

214 Eccleshare, Julia. A Guide to the Harry Potter Novels. New York: Continuum, 2002. ---. Beatrix Potter to Harry Potter: Portraits of Children s Writers. n.p. National Portrait Gallery, 2005. Eliade, Mircea. Myth and Reality Trans. Willard R. Trask. New York: Harper & Row, 1963. Evans, Robley. J.R.R. Tolkien. New York: Thomas Y.Crowell Company, 1972. Forster, E.M. Aspects of the Novel. New York: Harcourt, 1949. Foucault, Michel. Discipline And Punishment. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Pantheon, 1977. Fraser, Lindsey. Conversations with J.K. Rowling. New York: Scholastic, 2000. Fredericks, Casey. The Future of Eternity: Mythologies of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982. Frye, Northrop. Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957. Fuller, Edmund. Books With Men Behind Them. Random House, 1962. Garland, Sherry. Writing for Young Adults. Cincinnati, Ohio: Writer s Digest Books, 1998. Georgiou, Constantine. Children and Their Literature. New Jersey: Prentice-hall, Inc. Englewood cliffs, 1969. Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6 th ed. New Delhi: Affiliated East West Press Pvt. Ltd., 2004. Gohlam, Susan Ashley. Starting Over: The Task of the Protagonist in the Contemporary Bildungsroman. New York : Garland, 1990. Granger, John. The Hidden Key to Harry Potter. Port Hadlock, Wash: Zossima Press, 2002.

215 Grollman, E.A. Talking About Death: A Dialogue Between Parent and Child. Boston: Beacon, 1990. Gupta, Suman. Re-Reading Harry Potter. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Haines, Helen E. What s in a Novel. Columbia University Press, 1942. Harvey, David. The Song of Middle Earth. London: George Allen and Unuin, 1985. Hazard, Paul. Books, Children and Men. Trans. Marguerite Mitchell. Boston: The Horn Book, inc. 1975. Highfield, Roger. The Science of Harry Potter How Magic Really Works. London: Headline Book Publishing, 2002. Hollindale, Peter. Signs of Childness in Children s Books. Stroud: Thimble Press, 1997. Houghton, John. A Closer Look at Harry Potter : Bending and Shaping the Minds of Our Children. Eastbourne : Kingsway Publications, 2001. Huck, Charlotte S. Children s Literature in the Elementary School. USA: Holt, Rinchart and Wington, 1979. Hughes, Thomas. Tom Brown s Schooldays. London: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1905. Hume, Kathyrn. Fantasy and Mimesis: Responses to Reality in Western Literature. New York. Methuen Inc., 1984. Hunter, Lynette. Modern Allegory and Fantasy. Rhetorical Stances of Contemporary Writing. New York: St.Martins Press, 1989. Hurlock, Elizabeth B. Child Development. 4 th ed. Mcgraw Hill Book Company, Inc, Tokyo: Kogokusho Company Ltd, 1964. Jackson, Rosemary. Fantasy: The Literature of Subversion. London: Methuen, 1981. Jones, Gerard. Killing Monsters: Why Children Need Superheroes and Make-Believe Violence. New York: Basic Books, 2002.

216 Jung, Carl Gustav. The Basic Writings of C.G. Jung. Trans. R.F.C Hall. Ed. V.S. de Laszlo. New Jersey: Princeton, 1990. Karl, Jean. From Childhood to Childhood: Children s Books and Their Creators. New York: The John Day company, Inc., 1971. Kern, Edmund M. The Wisdom of Harry Potter: What Our Favorite Hero Teaches us About Moral Choices. New York: Prometheus Books, 2003. Kilby, Clyde. S. Tolkien and the Silmarillion. Berhamsted: Lion Publishing, 1977. Killinger, John. God, the Devil, and Harry Potter: A Christian Minister s Defense of the Beloved Novels. New York: St. Martin s Press, 2002. Klass D., P.R. Silverman and S.L. Nickman. Continuing Bonds: New Understanding of Grief. Philadelphia: Taylor and Francis, 1966. Klein, Melanie. Love, Guilt and Reparation. New York: Delacorte, 1975. Kohlberg, Lawrence: The Psychology of Moral Development: The Nature and Validity of Moral Stages. Essays on Moral Development. Vol. 2. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1984. Lacan, Jacques. Feminine Sexuality Trans. Jaqueline Rose Ed. Juliet Mitchell and Jacqueline Rose. New York: Norton, 1985. Lenz, Millicent. Alternative Worlds in Fantasy Fiction. Ed. Peter Hunt and Millicent Lenz. London: Continuum, 2001. Lewis, Alex and Elizabeth Currie. The Forsaken Realm of Tolkein: Tolkein and the Medieval Tradition. Great Britian: Medea Publishing, 2005. Lewis, C.S. An Experiment in Criticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1961. ---. Miracles: A Preliminary Study. Glasgow: Collins Fount, 1960. ---. Of This and Other worlds. London: Fount, 1982.

217 ---. The Chronicles of Narnia. New York: Macmillan, 1950-1956. ---. The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe New York: Harper Collins, 1950. Lurie, Alison. Boys and Girls Forever: Children s Classics from Cinderella to Harry Potter. London: Chatto and Windus, 2003. Lyons, Mathew. There and Back Again: In the Footsteps of J.R.R. Tolkien. London: Calogan Guides, 2004. Manlove, C.N. Modern Fantasy: Five Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Meigs, Cornelia et al ed. A Critical History of Children s Literature. London: The Macmillan Company, Collier-Macmillan Ltd., 1969. Miller, Donald. Searching for God Knows What. Nashville: Nelson Books, 1993. Neal, Connie. The Gospel According to Harry Potter: Spirituality in the Stories of the World s Most Famous Seeker. Louiwille, Kywestminister: John Knox Press, 2002. ---. What s a Christian to Do with Harry Potter? Colarado Springs: Waterbrook, 2001. Nikolajeva, Maria. The Magic Code: The Use of Magical Patterns in Fantasy for Children. Stockholm: Almquit and Wicksell International, 1988. O.Connor, Flannery. Mystery and Manners: Occasional Prose. Ed. Sally and Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Noon day, 1961. Oslen, Lance. Ellipse of Uncertainty: An Introduction to Postmodern Fantasy. New York and London: Green Wood Press, 1987. Pearce, Joseph (ed). Tolkien: A Celebration: Collected Writings on a Literary Legacy. Great Britain: Fount (an imprint of Harper Collins publishers) 1999. ---. Tolkein: Man and Myth. Great Britain: Harper Collins Publishers, 1999.

218 Plyming, Philip. Harry Potter and the Meaning of Life: Engaging with Spirituality in Christian Mission. Cambridge: Grove Books Limited, 2001. Polakow, Valerie. The Erosion of Childhood. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1982. Postman, Neil. The Disappearance of Childhood. Delacorte Press, New York, 1982. Rabkin, Eric S. The Fantastic in Literature. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976. Reynolds, Kimberley. Children s Literature in the 1890s and the 1990s.Plymonth, UK: Northcote House Publishers Ltd., 1994. Reynolds, Patricia & Glen H. Good-Knight eds. Proceedings of the J.R.R. Tolkien Centenary Conference. Milton Keynes; The Tolkien Society and Altadena: The Mythopoeic Press, 1995. Rose, Jacqueline. The Case of Peter Pan or the Impossibility of Children s Fiction. London: Macmillan, 1984. Rosebury, Brian. Tolkien: A Critical Assessment. England: Macmillan, 1992. Rowiling, J.K. Quidditch Though the Ages. By Kenilworthy Whisp. London: Bloomsbury, 2001. Russ, J. Introduction Ed. A. Williams and R. Jones. The Penguin Book of Modern Fantasy by Women. Harmondswith: Penguin, 1995. Ryan, J.S. Tolkien: Cult or Culture? Armidale, University of New England, 1969. Sarland, Charles. Young People Reading: Culture and Response. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1991. Schaefer, D. and C. Lyons. How Do We Tell the Children? New York: Newmarket P, 1993. Schafer, Elizabeth D. Exploring Harry Potter. London: Edbury Press, 2001.

219 Scott, Wilber S. Five Approaches of Literary Criticism. London: Collier-Macmillan Ltd., 1962. Shapiro, Marc. J.K. Rowling: The Wizard Behind Harry Potter. India: Penguin Books, 2003. Shippey, Tom. The Road to Middle Earth. London: Harper Collins, 1992. ---. J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century. Great Britain: Harper Collins Publishers, 2001. Smith, Lillian H. The Unreluctant Years. A Critical Approach to Children s Literature. USA: Penguin Books, 1976. Smith, Sean. J.K. Rowling: A Biography, United Kingdom: Michael O Mara Books Ltd., 2001. Spock, Benjamin. Baby and Child Care. 175 th ed. New York: Pocket Books, 1967. Swinfen, Ann. In Defence of Fantasy. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984. Timmerman, John. Other Worlds: The Fantasy Genre. Ohio: Green University Popular Press, 1983. Todorov, Tzvetan. The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Genre. Trans. Richard Howard. (f.p. 1975). New York: Cornell University Press, 1995. Tolkien, J.R.R. Leaf by Niggle. Tree and Leaf. London: Unwin Paperbacks, 1975. ---. The Hobbit or There Back Again. Harper Collins Publishers, 1999. ---. The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien Ed. Humphrey Carpenter with Christopher Tolkien. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1981. ---. The Silmarillion. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977. Townsend, John Rowe: Written for Children: An Outline of English-Language Children s Literature 1965. 6 th ed. London: Bodley Head, 1990.

220 Whitehead, W. Old Lies Revisited: Young Readers and the Literature of War and Violence. London: Pluto Pr, 1991. Wolf, Gregory and Suzanne and William Kilpatrick. Books that Build Character: A Guide to Teaching Your Child Moral Values. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994. Worden, James William. Children and Grief: When a Parent Dies. New York: Guilford P, 1996. Wrigley, Christopher. Return of the Hero. Sussex, England: Book Guild Publishing, 2005. Wyndham, Lee. Writing for Children and Teen-Agers. Ohio: Writer s Digest, 1968. Yolen, Jane. Writing Books for Children. Boston, The Writer Inc., 1973. Zipes, Jack. Sticks and Stones: The Troublesome Success of Children s Literature from Slovenly Peter to Harry Potter. New York: Routledge, 2001. Anthology/Compilation Brgfonski, Dedria ed. Contemporary Literary Criticism: Young Adult Literature. Vol.125. Detorit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1980. Bryfonski, Dedria and Phyllis Carmel Mendelson, ed. Contemporary Literary Criticism: Vol.8. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1978. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol.2. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1974. Giddings, Robert. ed. J.R.R. Tolkien: This Far Land. London: Vision Press, 1983. Heilman, Elizabeth E. Harry Potter s World: Multidisciplinary Critical Perspectives. New York: Routledge Falmer, 2003. Heins, Paul ed. Crosscurrents of Criticism: Horn Book Essays 1968-1977. Boston: The Horn Book, Inc., 1977.

221 Hunt, Peter. Children s Literature: The Development of Criticism. London: Routledge, 1990. ---. ed. Literature for Children: Contemporary Criticism. London: Routledge, 1992. ---. ed. International Companion Encyclopedia of Children s Literature. 2 nd ed. London & New York: Routledge, 1996. ---. ed. Understanding Children s Literature. London & New York: Routledge, 1999. Hunter, Jeffrey W. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol.137. USA: Gale group, Inc., 2001. Lesnik-Obsertein, Karin ed. Children s Literature. New Approaches. Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Marowski, Daniel ed. Contemporary Literary Criticism Vol.38. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1986. Reynolds, Kimberley ed. Modern Children s Literature: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Riley, Carolyn. Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol.1 Detroit, Michigan:Gale Research Company, Book Tower,1973. ---. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol.3 Detroit Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1975. Riley, Carolyn and Barbara Harte. ed. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol.2. Detroit Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1974. Salu, Mary and Robert T. Farrel. ed. J.R.R. Tolkien, Scholar and Storyteller: Essays in Memoriam. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1979. Tucker, Nicholas ed. Suitable for Children? Controversies in Children s Literature. Berkeley and Los Angeles; University of California Press, 1978.

222 Whited, Lana A. ed. The Ivory Tower and Harry Potter: Perspectives on a Literary Phenomenon. Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press, 2004. Articles Aldrich, Kevin. The Sense of Time in Tolkien s The Lord of the Rings. Pearce, Tolkien: A Celebration 86-100. Alexander, Lloyd. High Fantasy and Heroic Romance. Heins, Cross Currents of Criticism 175. Alton, Anne Hiebert. Generic Fusion and the Mosaic of Harry Potter. Heilman, Harry Potter s World 141-162. Anderson, Hollie. Reading Harry Potter with Navajo Eyes. Heilman, Harry Potter s World. 98-107. Appelbaum, Peter. Harry Potter s World: Magic, Technoculture and Becoming Human. Heilman, Harry Potter s World 25-49. Auden, W.H. The Quest Hero. Tolkien and Critics. Ed. N.D. Isaacs and R.A. Zimbardo. South Bend: Notre Dame University Press, 1968. Bond, Ernie and Nancy Michelson. Writing Harry s World: Children Coauthoring Hogwarts. Heilman, Harry Potter s World. 109-121. Borah, Rebecca Sutherland. Apprentice Wizards Welcome: Fan Communities and the Culture of Harry Potter. Whited, Ivory Tower 343-64. Bosmajian, Hamida. Psychoanalytical Criticism Hunt, International Companion Encyclopedia 89-98. Bramwell, Peter. Fantasy, Psychoanalysis and Adolescence: Magic and Maturation in Fantasy. Reynolds, Modern Children s Literature 141-154. Brewer, Derek S. The Lord of the Rings as Romance. Salu and Farrell, J.R.R. Tolkien 249-264.

223 Brooks, Peter. Towards Supreme Fiction. Yale French Studies: The Child s Part. Ed. Peter Brooks. Connectient: New Haven, 1969. Burger, Douglas A. The Shire: A Tolkienian Version of Pastoral. Aspects of Fantasy Ed. William Coyle. West Port, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1986. Caldecott, Stratford. Over the Chasm of Fire: Christian Heroism in the Silmarillion and the Lord of the Rings. Pearce, Tolkien: A Celebration 17-33. Cargo, Hugh. Can Stories Heal?. Hunt, Understanding Children s Literature. 163-171. ---. Tolkien in Miniature. Ryan, Tolkien: Cult or Culture? 125-26. Caselli, Daniela. Reading Intertextuality. The Natural and the Legitimate: Intertextuality in Harry Potter. Children s Literature New Approaches. Ed. Karin Lesnik-Oberstien. Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004: 168-184. Chesterton, G.K. The Ethics of Elfland. Ed, Peter Hunt, Children s Literature: The Development of Criticism 1990. Cockrell, Amanda. Harry Potter and the Secret Password: Finding Our Way in the Magical Genre. Whited, Ivory Tower 15-26. Coulombe, Charles A. The Lord of the Rings: A Catholic View. Pearce, Tolkien: A Celebration 53-66. Curry, Patrick. Modernity in Middle-earth. Pearce, Tolkien: A Celebration 34-39. De Rose, Deborah. Wizardly Challenges to and Affirmations of the Initiation Paradigm in Harry Potter. Heilman, Harry Potter s World 163-183. Dickinson, Peter. Children s Literature in Education. London, 1970. reprint G. Fox etal ed. Writers, Critics and Children. London 1976 in Reynolds, Children s Literature, 1994.

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225 Heilman, Elizabeth E. and Anne E.Gregory. Images of the Privileged Insider and Outcast Outsider. Heilman, Harry Potter s World 241-257. Kornfield, John and Laurie Prothro. Comedy, Conflict, and Community: Home and Family in Harry Potter. Heilman, Harry Potter s World 187-201. Kratz, Dennis. Teaching Fantasy and Horror Literature. Fantasy and Horror. Ed. Neil Barson. London, MD: Scarecrow, (1999): 619-32. Lacoss, Jann. Of Magicals and Muggles: Reversals and Revulsions at Hogwarts. Whited, The Ivory Tower 67-88. Langton, Jane. The Weak Place in the Cloth: A Study of Fantasy for Children Heins, Crosscurrents of Criticism 185-195. Lawhead, Stephen R. J.R.R. Tolkien: Master of Middle-Earth. Pearce, Tolkien: A Celebration 156-171. Le Guin, Ursula K. From Elfland to Poughkeepsie. The Language of the Night. Ed. S.Wood. New York: Berkely Books 1982. New York: Harper-Collins, 1989. Lewis, C.S. On Three Ways of Writing for Children. Of This and Other Worlds. London: Fount, 1982. Lobdell, Jared. ed. The Fairy tale Mobility of The Lord of the Rings. A Tolkien Compass. La Salle: Open Court (1975): 43-56. Malu, Kathleen F. Ways of Reading Harry Potter: Multiple Stories for Multiple Reader Identities. Heilman, Harry Potter s World 76-93. McGrath, Sean. The Passion According to Tolkien. Pearce, Tolkien: A Celebration 172-182. Mendlesohn, Farah. Crowning the King: Harry Potter and the Construction of Authority. Whited, The Ivory Tower 159-181.

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