TALE OF A TAIL We've made a near perfect one (tail) for critical measurement of wind direction. We call it Quick 1 because it has a distance constant of 2.5 feet and a damping ratio of 0.6. Overshoot is minimized and oscillation practically damped out. Result: every tail movement has a meaning you can measure... wind direction records are more precise, more accurate and easier to analyze than ever before. T H E O R E T I C A L TAIL Quick 1 was born in theory. Our research staff made a thorough study* to determine what the geometrical and aerodynamic properties of a wind vane must be to obtain a desired distance constant and damping ratio, in this study it was found that damping ratio, f; is proportional to the arm length, rv; the tail planform area, A; the slope of the lift curve of the tail, a; the mass of the tail, Mv; and the mass of the arm, Mb; by the following approximation, where K, and K z are constants:. T rvaa IVi (!) ARM A v = y 2 <Ct + C r ) b T A I L PLANFORM AREA Ct TIP CHORD C r - = ROOT C H O R D b =* S P A N QUARTER CHORD LOW MASS To get a high damping ratio (see (1) above) the tail must be as light as possible. Our problem was to find a light material that was strong enough to be extended in a high aspect-ratio shape. This we finally accomplished by combining two materials: a foam plastic core bonded within an aluminum skin. With this construction we produced a tail for Quick 1 with an aspect ratio of 6. It is so light that the entire vane weighs under five ounces. Yet, it is rugged enough to withstand hurricane winds. For increased strength, the tail is slightly tapered from the root to the tip. This reduces the bending moment and places the load center nearer the supporting arm. OPTIMUM ARM Since both the damping ratio and distance constant are functions of the arm length (See (1) and (2)) this dimension is of great importance. The arm length had to be as long as possible on the tail side of the axis of rotation and as short as possible on the balancing-mass side. Of course, here again we were faced with the limitations of materials and with keeping the mass of the vane to a minimum. After a great deal of engineering and testing we arrived at the optimum arm lengths. The arm itself is constructed of a rugged aluminum alloy and the balancing mass is of stainless steel. These are the basic characteristics which combine to make Quick 1 the optimum tail for sensing micro winds at the earth's surface. And it's rugged... designed, tested and guaranteed to perform to specification in extreme environments with temperatures from 40 to -f 140 F and winds to 90 miles per hour. Quick 1 is thoroughly tested in our own wind tunnel to assure performance to its extraordinary specifications. The results of a typical wind tunnel test of Quick One's dynamic response are shown in following data: It was also found that the distance constant, D, of a vane is a function of the damping ratio and the length of the arm. This function is expressed in the following definition: (2) ry REAL TAIL With this theory in hand, we set out to make a rugged tail with a damping ratio of 0.6 and a distance constant of 2.5 feet. To get this order of performance, it was clear from theory that we needed a tail with very high lift and low mass. HIGH ASPECT RATIO From aerodynamic principles, and from field and wind tunnel studies of many tail foil shapes, it was established that square-like shapes (low aspect ratio) have poorer lift coefficients than tall, narrow shapes (high aspect ratio). In fact, theoretically, the taller and narrower a tail foil is, the higher its lift coefficient. However, this theory is application limited by the materials one can use in tail construction. (We've got a room full of rejected tails to prove it)? 0 (The damping manner: derived Time ratio is derived damping data in the. following In this case the ratio is 0.626.) Quick 1 is available now with the Beckman & Whitley WS101 Wind System. Or it can be purchased as standard equipment for the Beckman & Whitley wind systems you are now using. For further information write Meteorological Instrument Applications Department. a subsidiary of TECHNICAL SAN CARLOS, CALIFORNIA high aspect ratio from these f = { 1 -f [7r/ln(X,/X2]2 } OPERATIONS inc. PHONE: 591-8241 CODE 4-15 ^Theoretical Analysis of Wind Vanes; John Corcoran; August, 1962. Send for your copy.
No 33 "PAN AM" AT NEW YORK AIRPORT Wet arrivals and departures are a thing of the past for Pan American World Airway's passengers at New York International Airport, because the revolutionary new air terminal brings the planes to the passengers. As many as six giant jet clippers can nestle under the cantilever roof which projects 114 feet from the building. Adjustable walkways enable passengers to step right into their aircraft. Housed in this revolutionary building is a weather forecast office and Mufax D-649 Weather Chart Recorders are in continuous use to provide visual reports on up-to-date weather conditions. In the lower picture Flight Control Supervisor Mr. P. J. Kenneally and Chief Meteorologist Mr. L. R. Ulrich discuss a received Weather Chart, MUIRHEAD INSTRUMENTS INC., I 101 Bristol Road, Mountainside, New Jersey, U.S.A. MUIRHEAD Tel: Code 201, No. 233-6010 MUIRHEAD INSTRUMENTS LIMITED, Stratford, Ontario, Canada. Tel: Area Code 5/9, No. 271-3880 MUIRHEAD & CO. LIMITED, Beckenham, Kent, England. Tel: Beckenham 4888
CHAPTERS OF THE AMS ALABAMA Huntsville MISSOURI Kansas City ALASKA Anchorage Fairbanks NEBRASKA St. Louis 2 (1 student) Omaha-Offutt AFB ARIZONA Fort Huachuca NEW JERSEY Lakehurst-New Brunswick BERMUDA Bermuda NEW MEXICO Albuquerque CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Riverside-San Bernardino Sacramento San Diego San Francisco San Jose (student) Santa Barbara NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA Buffalo New York 3 (2 student) Rochester Asheville Minot COLORADO Colorado Springs Denver OHIO Cincinnati Cleveland Dayton CONNECTICUT Hartford OKINAWA Okinawa DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ENGLAND Wilmington-Philadelphia Washington London OKLAHOMA OREGON Norman (student) Oklahoma City Corvallis (student) Portland FLORIDA Jacksonville Miami Tallahassee (student) Tampa PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO University Park (student) San Juan Ramey AFB GEORGIA Atlanta SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston GERMANY Rhein/Main-Wiesbaden Rheinpfalz SOUTH DAKOTA Rapid City Sioux Falls-Brookings HAWAII ILLINOIS JAPAN Honololu 2 Champaign-Rantoul Chicago Tokyo SPAIN TEXAS Madrid Austin-San Antonio College Station 2 (1 student) Dallas-Fort Worth El Paso MARYLAND Baltimore UTAH Salt Lake City MASSACHUSETTS Boston VIRGINIA Norfolk MICHIGAN Ann Arbor WASHINGTON Seattle Spokane MINNESOTA St. Paul-Minneapolis WISCONSIN Madison MISSISSIPPI Jackson WYOMING Cheyenne
The BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY is the official organ of the Society, devoted to editorials, survey articles, professional and membership news, announcements, and Society activities. Editing and publishing are under the direction of Kenneth C. Spengler, Executive Secretary. Members are encouraged to send to the Society information which they wish to be considered for publication. Published monthly at Prince and Lemon Streets, Lancaster, Pa. 17604. Second-class postage paid at Lancaster, Pa. Address all business communications, purchase orders and inquiries regarding the Society to the Executive Secretary, 45 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 02108. technical editor James S. Sandberg news editor E. Ruth Anderson assistant technical Carmela A. Poce editor Cover photograph: Firing of ARC AS rocket at White Sands Missile Range, N. Mex., at 10:45 a.m., 28 June 1962. ARCAS is the All-purpose docket for Collection of Atmospheric Soundings. Styrofoam packing may be noted falling away at the base of the rocket. (U. S. Army photograph.) volume 45, number 3, March 1964 articles excelsior 136 C. 0. Hines conference summary correspondence programs meteorological rockets and the IQSY 143 W. L. Godson conference on stratospheremesosphere structure status of the direct probe sounding technique for density 149 James E. Morris 175 John E. Masterson precipitation at Nagpur, India 175 C. G. Abbot 228th national meeting of the AMS, to be held jointly with the Section of Meteorology, AGU, April 21-24, 1964, Washington, D. C. second environmental engineering conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, May 11-15, 1964, Salt Lake City, Utah minutes of the council 151 at AMS headquarters 148 necrology 148 news and notes 176 news from our chapters 179 about our members 186 announcements 187 reviews 188 meetings of the AMS 192 professional directory 198 159 194