CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study All people use language to deliver their feelings, information, or everything. People can express something in their mind with language. The language that they deliver is not only spoken language but also in written language. According to Palmer (1976), many ways can be chosen by people to express their feelings, for example writing novel, poetry, short story, and song. In expressing their feelings, they also express idiom that cannot be understood literally word by word, but we have to know the whole meaning of that phrase. The idioms were analyzed in this study because idioms still exist in our daily life and many people do not really understand about the meaning of idiom become understand the meaning. Three best seller novels were chosen and these are romantic and classic novels which have more expressions of idiom than other text. Furthermore, this study is useful to many people who read the novel and do not really understand the meaning of idiom in the novel. Many idioms were found in the romantic novel because the writer wants to make the readers catching and enjoying the expression of the novel. A romantic novel contains a lot of beautiful words which can last until hundreds of years without decreasing its values and its popularities. We can find idioms in our daily life because idiom is kind of idiomatic expression which makes an extra feeling of enjoying and relaxing the text. The purpose of this study also to know what types of 1
idiomatic expressions is in the text, the meaning of the idioms and found the mostly types of idioms appeared in this novel. Idiomatic expressions were chosen in order to know how deep the writer expressed their feeling in the novel by knowing the types and also the meanings of the idioms. If many idioms are chosen by the writer in the novel, it means that the writer wants to construct and convey the connotative meaning, because idiomatic expression make the readers feel enjoy and more imaginatively when they read the novel. This study can enrich the result of research in college and increase reader s knowledge of idiomatic expression. Most of previous studies have been analyzed about idioms but those used songs as the data source. This study used novel as data source and also found the specific thing in the idiom to be discussed. The specific one is idioms of body in the novel were analyzed clearly in this study. Idioms of body were chosen to know how many idioms which related to part of body appear in the novel. The example of idiom of body is kick the bucket means dead. Kick is the verb which is used by foot so it is called the idiom which related to body. This study used three best seller novels which were analyzed to make this study more interesting therefore when the novels were analyzed, it was not be boring. 1.2 Problem of the Study
In analyzing idioms which related to body in 3 best seller novels, there are two problems appeared need to be discussed based on the expression of idiom: 1. What types of body related idioms are found in three best seller novels that mostly appear? 2. What are meanings of body related idioms are found in those found in the three best seller novels? 1.3 Aims of Study The aims of study are the purpose of analyzing the novel and why this study is important to be discussed. The aims of this study refer to the problem of study and focused on: 1. To classify the types of body related idioms are found in three best seller novels that mostly appear. 2. To analyze the meanings of body related idioms which are found in the three best seller novels. 1.4 Scope of Discussion A group of words or some expression sometimes is difficult to be understood. It is not easy to understand the meaning of idiom. Those idioms were understood easily by analyzing semantically. This study focused on lexical items in the form phrase and clause of the idiom based on the problems as mentioned before. The discussion focused on: 1. The types of idioms related to body which are applied in three best seller novels and find which one is mostly appearing. 2. The meanings of idioms related to body which are implemented in three best seller novels.
1.5 Research Method The research method was divided into three. They are first data source, second method and technique of collecting data, and third method and technique of analyzing data. Each of these three research methods is explained in the followings. 1.5.1 Data Source The data is primary from the novel in romantic and adventure novels entitled Insurgent by Roth (2012), Twilight by Meyer (2003) and Frankenstein by Shelley (2008). Every idiom which related to body is found in the novel have been analyzed. Every page in the novel analyzed clearly. There are two reasons why these novels were chosen. First, these novels are romantic and classic novel so there are many idioms expressing meaning through lexical items found. Second, these novels are best seller novels based on New York Times on 23 rd of March 2015 therefore this study is useful to many people who read the novel and do not really understand the meaning of idiom in the novel. New York Times is chosen as good printed media in this study to find the best seller novel because New York Times is one of the famous printed media in the world. This novel really gave chance to imagine about something using idiom which related to body because there are adventure part in the novel which consist of idiom which is related to body. This study also can help us to understand the meaning of idioms hidden within the story. Roth is an American novelist who wrote Insurgent novel. Insurgent novel actually is the second book in the Divergent Trilogy which published on May 1 st 2012 in US as a science fiction young adult novel. As the continuing of the first bestseller in 2011 entitled Divergent, Insurgent tells the story of Tris Prior and The dystopian post-apocalyptic version of Chicago.
Following the event from previous novel, there is a war between the factions and ideologies. Also there is a love story from the main character while the war and helping people. Twilight novel is published In June of 2003. It is begun in Suburban Arizona when Meyer as an author woke up from an intense dream in which two young lovers were lying together in a meadow, discussing why their love could never work. On her website, Meyers says, One of these people was just your average girl. The other person was fantastically beautiful, sparkly, and a vampire. They were discussing the difficulties inherent in the facts that they were falling in love with each other while the vampire was particularly attracted to the scent of her blood, and was having a difficult time restraining himself from killing her immediately. This dream turned out to be the very basis of what would become one of the most popular series in Young Adult fiction of all time. To date, Meyer s novel has sold 17 million copies worldwide, spent over 91 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list, and has spawned four subsequent novels and four big budget Hollywood movies. The next novel which was chosen is Frankenstein with genre science fiction. In 1816, Shelley was just eighteen years old when she spent the summer with her lover (and future husband) Percy Shelley, at Lord Byron s estate in Switzerland. One night, as they sat around the fire, the conversation turned to the subject of reanimating human bodies using electrical currents. Shelley went to bed that night with images of corpses coming back to life swirling through her head; as she slept, she clearly saw Frankenstein s monster and imagined the circumstances under which he had been created. Shelley woke up and began to write a short story about her dream. Later that year her husband, also a writer, encouraged her to expand her story into a full-length novel. She complied, and the great literary masterpiece Frankenstein was published when Shelley was just nineteen. Incidentally, Lord Byron was also inspired by their fireside chat; his
resulting work, Vampyre, is considered to be the predecessor of all romantic vampire-human love stories. 1.5.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data The method which is used in this study for collecting data is documentation method. Documentation method is the method which is done by systematically way, therefore the data were listed organizationally. The method and technique of collecting can be done in three steps: 1. Read the novel carefully. 2. Finding the idiom related to body by asking the question (what do you use to ) for idiom itself or directly noted idiom which was consisted of part of body to find the idioms which related to the body. 3. Noted every phrase which was identified to be idioms which related to body were found in the novel. The collected data were checked in order to the source that provides the information and list of English idioms. The sources are the books entitled Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary 7th and The handbook of English Idioms by Lou. 1.5.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data The data were analyzed qualitatively in accordance with the theory and also checking the existence on some sources such as book, dictionary and websites. The processes of analyzing data are: 1. The collected data were categorized based on the theory proposed by Palmer (1976)
2. After finding the types of idiom, then the meaning of each idiom was described based on the three types of meaning based on the theory proposed by Geoffrey Leech (1974). 3. Relating the meaning of each idiom to the story, therefore, it could be easier to understand. 3. Find types of idiom the most often appear in 3 best seller novels 4. Finally, those problems were solved and the result of the research could be shared and learnt.