3GPP 標準推廣說明會 Spectrum Sharing Aspects in 3GPP 簡均哲 資訊工業策進會 智慧網通所 / 先進通訊中心 1
3 Usage Scenarios and 8 Key Capabilities in ITU-R Vision 2
Spectrum requirement in 2020 Source: ITU-R Report M.2290, The full spectrum of possibilities-huawei Europe 3
Flexible spectrum usage in 5G Carrier Aggregation: Flexible fragmented spectrum usage, including aggregation of different spectrum fragments with different sizes Dynamic spectrum sharing: Spectrum sharing between different operators or different services Higher Frequency Band: Flexible switching between different frequency bands, including high frequency bands Source: METIS project Deliverable D5.3, Description of the spectrum needs and usage principles, 2014/8/29 4
3GPP Release Status for Carrier Aggregation 5
mmwave Technologies mmwave 天線陣列 室內高速資料傳輸 mmwave 無線骨幹網路 Source : NSN Source : ALU mmw baseband mmw RF mmw Antenna - 高速 ADC/DAC 電路 - 高速數位介面 (CPRI, SRIO) - 通道衰減之動態資源分配 - 傳輸分集技術 - MMIC ( SiGe, CMOS) - Wideband Converter - PA - LNA - VCO - Microstrip Antenna - Broadband Antenna - 3D 波束合成技術 - 3D MIMO 傳輸技術 - Wireless Backhaul 通道環境量測 -3D mmw 室內通道模型建立 -3D mmw 戶外通道模型建立
High Frequency Channel Challenges Free space loss increase quadratically with frequency Can be compensate by the use of massive antenna with more directivity while keep the antenna dimensions small. The obstruction drop is pretty high Human body, Glass (3-7dB loss), walls (36dB loss), etc. Reduce frequency reuse distance Diffraction is weak Omnidirection antenna has its advantage in this case. RMS delay is relatively small At most 100ns for directional antenna and larger for omnidirectional antenna The CP length can be reduced Doppler frequency shift is enlarged Proportional to the carrier frequency, df = (v/c) fc OFDM modulation is sensitive to CFO
Candidate Band for WRC-15 Sharing studies conducted by the ITU show that sharing between IMT mobile broadband and incumbent services is possible in all of the 19 candidate bands. Source: WRC-15: REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS. IT & CPM-15- A Guide to WRC-15 Agenda Item 1.1 GSMA & Preparatory studies for WRC-15 and the work of JTG 4-5-6-8
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) 在 5G 的可能可能應用情境 9
Nokia: 產業現況 ASA/LSA 頻譜共享解決方案可為 LTE 提供額外頻譜, 滿足 2020 年及往後網路營運商對行動網路的需求, 亦被納入歐洲未來 2020 年的行動寬頻頻譜 roadmap 中 ; 因此 Nokia 積極投入 ASA/LSA 的法規與標準參與工作, 包括於 FCC ECC ETSI 等 [1] Nokia 的 5G 展望中, 將 ASA/LSA 列為最佳化頻譜利用的解決方案, 可連接起 5G 世代的頻譜缺口 ( spectrum gap) [2,3] Qualcomm: 2020 年無線網路將連接起一切, 即 IoE(Internet of Everything) 的概念, 將帶動大量頻譜需求,LSA 為 IoE 的關鍵角色, 可滿足各種多樣性頻譜需求, 最大化社會與經濟效益 Qualcomm 並強烈建議應根據 LSA 制定與實施創新的頻譜管理方案 [4] InterDigital: InterDigital 認為未來應匯整未充分利用的頻譜資源, 為商用 LTE 擴充容量, LSA 為多層次頻譜共享模式中的重要角色, 可極大的協助補充頻寬能力 ; InterDigital 並將 LSA 列為動態頻譜管理解決方案的關鍵技術之一 [5] 1 Nokia white paper - Optimizing Spectrum Utilization Towards 2020 (2014/03) 2 Nokia white paper - Looking Ahead to 5G (2014/07) 3 Nokia letter - Bridging the spectrum gap with 5G (2013/05) 4 Qualcomm white paper - Promoting investment and innovation in the internet of things (2014/10) 5 InterDigital white paper - Dynamic Spectrum Management (2012/10) 10
Spectrum Sharing Aspect (1) : System Types Different system types Cognitive Ratio 使用 TV white space Ex: 物聯網應用 Cellular (3GPP LTE) + LAN (Wifi) Ex: 3GPP LAA (Licensed Assisted Share) Same system type D2D communication + Cellular communication Ex: 3GPP Rel.12 D2D) Macro Cell + Small Cell Ex: 3GPP HetNet
Spectrum Sharing Aspect (2) : Spectrum Owner Licensed Spectrum Sharing Share over Licensed band Sharing with Incumbent Terrestrial TV broadcasting Aeronautical radar for navigation Military Radar for air traffic control Sharing between MNOs Unlicensed Spectrum Sharing Share over Unlicensed band (ex:ism band) Ex: WiFi+3GPP
Spectrum Sharing Aspect (3) : Coordination Scheme Cooperation Spectrum Sharing Entities interact to minimize the effect of harmful interference on one another Coexistence Spectrum Sharing Entities are not required to communicate and each entity can even be oblivious to operation of the others. Entities may sense the activity of the others in the shared spectrum.
Spectrum Sharing Aspect (4): Priority Access Scheme Equal Equal-right (Horizontal) sharing Both entities have the same right to access the spectrum. Primary Primary-secondary (Vertical) sharing Primary system : Always has the right to access the spectrum Secondary system: Only allowed to transmit if it does not create significant interference to the primary.
Spectrum Sharing Aspect (5) : Operator Types Intra Intra-Operator Sharing Inter-Cell (Homogeneous, Heterogeneous) Inter-RATs (UMTS, LTE, GSM) Inter Inter-Operator Sharing Dynamic Spectrum Sharing Proactive Sharing: Request a new spectrum from another MNO Reactive Sharing Based on measurements (e.g. interference condition, QoS, etc.) following pre-defined rules. Sharing Issues Synchronization assumption Level of information share
Spectrum Sharing Aspect (6) : Resource Utilization Type Resource Partition Scheme Common Spectrum Pool Orthogonal Sharing Non-orthogonal Sharing Dedicated Spectrum Pool Carrier Utilization Scheme Single Carrier Operate alone in one carrier Multiple Carrier Carrier Aggregation Dual Connectivity
Exemplary Combination: Coordination and Prioritization Combination (A) Combination (B) Combination (C) Combination (D) Schemes Cooperation + Equal Priority Cooperation + Different Priority Coexistence + Equal Priority Coexistence + Different Priority Examples: Inter-Operator (System): Co-Primary Spectrum Sharing (CoPSS) License Shared Access (LSA_h) Intra-Operator HetNets D2D+Cellular Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks License Shared Access (LSA_v) Cellular + D2D Cooperative D2D ( Rel. 13 D2D) Relay for Cellular NW-assisted D2D ( Rel. 12 D2D) Co-Secondary Sharing WiFi+WiFi WiFI+LTE(LAA) Cognitive Radio (TVWS, Radar) Primary Users are not aware of secondary users Lower power transmission Opportunistic transmission Control Scheme: Central Controller Common Database Central Controller Spectrum Sensing Geo-location database (CUS, collective use of spectrum) Spectrum Sensing
US FCC s 3-Tier Proposal for SAS (Spectrum Access System) The 3550-3650 MHz band segment is currently allocated for use by US Department of Defense (DoD) radar systems The shared spectrum in United coincides with portions of 3GPP LTE bands 42 (from 3400 to 3600 MHz) and 43 (from 3600 to 3800 MHz) Source: FCC Report and Order 15-47A1: "Amendment of the Commission s Rules with Regard to Commercial Operations in the 3550-3650 MHz Band", FCC, April 2015, https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/fcc-15-47a1.pdf
Spectrum Sharing Usages 3GPP Rel.8~Rel.13 ETSI 3GPP Rel.13 SA5 ETSI 3GPP Rel.13 LAA 3GPP should study these cases Rel.14 and beyond. Source: METIS, Future spectrum system concept. April 2015 19
Scenarios of LSA (EU and US) EU US Source: The Impact of Licensed Shared Use of Spectrum - GSMA III s view on initial stage of LSA in 3GPP Rel.14 and beyond. 20
Potential Technical Topics in Spectrum Sharing Component Carrier switch/aggregation control Priority resource configuration UE behavior Evacuation Policy Sensing while transmission Source: IEEE TCCN SIG CR in 5G - New Spectrum Usage Paradigms for 5G, November 4th 2014 LSA Architecture currently being defined by ETSI 21
Definition of Licensed Shared Access (LSA) A regulatory approach aiming to facilitate the introduction of radio communication systems operated by a limited number of licensees under an individual licensing regime in a frequency band already assigned or expected to be assigned to one or more incumbent users. Under the Licensed Shared Access (LSA) approach, the additional users are authorized to use the spectrum (or part of the spectrum) in accordance with sharing rules included in their rights of use of spectrum, thereby allowing all the authorized users, including incumbents, to provide a certain Quality of Service (QoS). Source: EC RSPG, RSPG Opinion on Licensed Shared Access, RSPG13-538, Nov. 2013
Overview of key players and elements in LSA * Define framework for the LSA licensing rules * Award the LSA license to the LSA licensee. * Governmental or commercial users * Negotiate the usage conditions with the regulator. * Offer its unused spectrum to LSA licensees *Shares the spectrum with the incumbent *Follow the sharing rules and conditions * Rules of the LSA license * Information on the incumbent s spectrum use
Work flows in LSA Preparation Phase Licensing Phase Preparation Phase Deployment Phase Ref: Matinmikko, Marja, et al. "Spectrum sharing using licensed shared access: the concept and its workflow for LTE-advanced networks." Wireless Communications, IEEE 21.2 (2014): 72-79.
LSA Band Added to the Network Ref: Mustonen, Miia, et al. "Cellular architecture enhancement for supporting the european licensed shared access concept." Wireless Communications, IEEE21.3 (2014): 37-43.
Band Evacuation Request Ref: Mustonen, Miia, et al. "Cellular architecture enhancement for supporting the european licensed shared access concept." Wireless Communications, IEEE21.3 (2014): 37-43.
LSA Evolution Source: IEEE TCCN SIG CR in 5G - New Spectrum Usage Paradigms for 5G, November 4th 2014 27
3GPP Specification Impacts Load Balancing, Coverage Adjustment: 3GPP TS 32.500, Self-Organizing Networks Concepts and Requirements. (SA5) Requirement, target on Handover/load balance/energy/interference performance measurement 3GPP TR 36.902, Self- configuring and self-optimizing network (SON) use cases and solutions (RAN3) Coverage and Capacity Optimization, Mobility Load Balancing Optimization Small Cell On/Off procedures: 3GPP TR 36.932, Study on Scenarios and Requirements of LTE Small Cell Enhancements for E- UTRA and E-UTRAN 3GPP TR 36.872, Small cell enhancements for E-UTRA and E-UTRAN - Physical layer aspects 3GPP TR 36.842, Study on Small Cell enhancements for E-UTRA and E-UTRAN; Higher layer aspects Reselection procedures: 3GPPTS 36.304, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) procedures in idle mode. Inter-frequency handover procedures: 3GPPTS 36.331, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification Carrier reconfiguration procedures: 3GPP TS 36.808, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Carrier Aggregation; Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception. 3GPP TS 36.823, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Carrier aggregation enhancements; User Equipment (UE) and Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception
Study Aspects : Sharing conditions between MNOs and incumbent Detection scheme and decision method for spectrum reuse among involved systems Information exchange between MNOs and incumbent for assurance of operational quality. Speed Up Evacuation Procedure Radio interface Full Duplex Radio for simultaneous detection and data transmission Physical Layer Procedure for LSA On/Off Protocol Aspect Inter-frequency handover (connected state) Inter-band management (idle state) Carrier Aggregation (activation/deactivation)
Extended LSA Architecture
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2016~2019 Candidate Bands for Taiwan Planning Content Band(MHz) Remark Mobile broadband businesses 608~698 2300~2400 Need to consult with 3400~3800 current radio operators Digital television and mobile television respectively. 530~596 Will evaluate the possibility of introducing 596~608 TVWS into Taiwan IEEE 802.11 series and LTE-U 5150~5350 Depend on the development state of new 5470~5850 International technologies Source: Ministry of Transportation and Communications R.O.C.: Spectrum Providing Plan NCC may release 500~600MHz to be White Space in 2017 or later (By Commercial Times). Source: Commercial Times, 2015/8/17 (http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20150817000040-260202) 32
Revitalizing Spectrum for Practical Usage Dynamic Spectrum Sharing Promotions III catalyzed Taiwan Dynamic Spectrum Access Pilot Group with domestic and international partners (May, 2014). III signed a MOU with Telecom Technology Center under NCC (Taiwan Regulator) for DSA Tech Cooperation(Aug. 2015). Upcoming Workshop: Unleashing the full potential of radio spectrum(15 Oct. 2015) in Taipei, Taiwan. DSA Pilot Trials in Taiwan Outdoor secondary sharing in Fu-Hsin Township Indoor AMI reading and communications Video Surveillance backhaul Chang San-Cheng, Vice Primer of Taiwan R.O.C., addressed a speech at the TTC-III MOU ceremony 33
[Co-Primary]
Note: Mobile/Fixed Communications Networks (MFCN)
Note: National regulatory authorities (NRA)
CORE+ (cognitive radio trial environment+)project taken place from 2013 and 2014. Come out LSA regulatory to FM52/53 CORE++ project has been granted funding from TEKES and companies for 2015 and 2016.
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