Lesson 5 What The Last Supper Tells Us

Lesson 5 What The Last Supper Tells Us Part 1 What is Leonardo Da Vinci s The Last Supper Known as? レオナルド ダ ヴィンチの 最後の晩餐 はどんなものとして知られているのか? The Last Supper is one of/ the most famous religious subjects.// Jesus Christ is 最後の晩餐 は ~ のうちの一つ / もっとも有名な宗教的な題材の // イエス キリストが having supper/ with twelve his followers.// He tells them that/ he will soon be killed.// 食事をしている / 12 人の使徒 // 彼は彼らに ~ と言う / 自分はすぐに殺されるだろう // He takes/ a loaf of bread/ and / a cup of wine, / and says,/ This is my body/ and/ this 彼は ~ をとる / パンを一つ / そして / ワインを一杯 / そして言う / それは私の肉体 / そして / これは is my blood.// They will be given/ for all of you. // 私の血だ // それらは与えられるだろう / あなたたち全員に // You have probably seen/ the paintings on page 77/ before.// It was painted/ by おそらく見たことがあるだろう / 77 ページの絵を / 以前に // それは描かれた / Leonardo Da Vinci.// He is well-known for/ works representing the Renaissance.// The レオナルド ダ ヴィンチによって // 彼は ~ として知られている / ルネッサンスを代表する作品 // Last Supper is regarded as/ one of his few completed masterpiece.// It was damaged/ 最後の晩餐 は ~ としてみなされている / 彼の数少ない未完の傑作の一つ // それは被害を受けた / in the bombing/ by the Allied Forces/ in 1943.// But/ miraculously,/ it still exists/ as 爆撃で / 連合軍の / 1943 年に // しかし / 奇跡的に / それはいまだに存在している / a wall painting/ in a monastery/ in Milan, Italy,/ though/ it has been repaired/ many 壁画として / ある修道院の / イタリアのミラノにある / ~ だけれども / 修理されてきた / times.// 何度も //

Lesson 5 What The Last Supper Tells Us Part 1 What is Leonardo Da Vinci s The Last Supper Known as? The Last Supper is one of/ the most famous religious subjects.// Jesus Christ is having supper/ with twelve his followers.// He tells them that/ he will soon be killed.// He takes/ a loaf of bread/ and / a cup of wine, / and says,/ This is my body/ and/ this is my blood.// They will be given/ for all of you. // You have probably seen/ the paintings on page 77/ before.// It was painted/ by Leonardo Da Vinci.// He is well-known for/ works representing the Renaissance.// The Last Supper is regarded as/ one of his few completed masterpiece.// It was damaged/ in the bombing/ by the Allied Forces/ in 1943.// But/ miraculously,/ it still exists/ as a wall painting/ in a monastery/ in Milan, Italy,/ though/ it has been repaired/ many times.//

Part 2 What aspect of the paintings of The Last Supper / did 最後の晩餐 の絵の様子は何だったのか? the Warsink brothers focus on? ワンシンク兄弟が注目した Indeed,/ Leonardo Da Vinci s The Last Supper is well-known.// But/ the fact is that/ 実際 / レオナルド ダ ヴィンチの 最後の晩餐 は良く知られている // しかし / 事実 ~ だ / many other painters have also chosen/ this famous scene/ for their works.// In this 多くの他の画家たちもまた選んでいる / この有名な場面を / 自分たちの作品で // このようにして way,/ The Last Supper has been an important subject/ in art/ for centuries.// / 最後の晩餐 は大事な題材だ / 芸術ににおいて / 数世紀にわたって // Many of the paintings called The Last Supper have three things/ in common.// First,/ 最後の晩餐 と呼ばれる絵画の多くには 3 つの事がある / 共通した // 第 1 に / they have been drawn/ as wall paintings/ in churches/ for their subjects.// Second,/ それらは描かれている / 壁画として / 教会に / それらの題材として // 第 2 に / Jesus and his twelve followers are seated/ around a table.// Third,/ bread, wine, and イエスと 12 人の使徒は席についている / 一つのテーブルの周りに // 第 3 に / パン ワインそして other foods are shown/ on the table.// その他の食べ物が見られる / テーブル上に // Recently,/ two scholars have done/ a unique study of these paintings.// They are Brian 最近 / 2 人の学者が ~ を行った / これらの絵画の面白い研究を // 彼らは Wansink, a professor of marketing at Cornell University,/ and/ his brother Craig コーネル大学でマーケティング学を教えている教授 / そして / 彼の兄弟で Wansink, a professor of religious studies/ at Virginia Wesleyan College.// Their studies ヴァージニア ウェスレアン大学で宗教研究学を教えている教授のクレイグ ワンシンク // 彼らの研究は focused on/ the meal shown in those paintings.// ~ に注目した / これらの絵画に見られる食事 // What were the aim and the method of/ the brother s study?// The aim was to find/ その目的と方法は何だったのか?/ 兄弟の研究の // 目的は見つけることだった / the time/ when modern people began to overeat.// The method was to look at/ the 時期 / 現代人がいつ過食をし始めた // 方法は見ることだった / amounts of bread and other foods/ on the table/ and/ the size of the plates/ where パンやその他の食べ物の量 / テーブル上の / そして / 皿の大きさ / they were served.// それらが出されている

Part 2 What aspect of the paintings of The Last Supper / did the Warsink brothers focus on? Indeed,/ Leonardo Da Vinci s The Last Supper is well-known.// But/ the fact is that/ many other painters have also chosen/ this famous scene/ for their works.// In this way,/ The Last Supper has been an important subject/ in art/ for centuries.// Many of the paintings called The Last Supper have three things/ in common.// First,/ they have been drawn/ as wall paintings/ in churches/ for their subjects.// Second,/ Jesus and his twelve followers are seated/ around a table.// Third,/ bread, wine, and other foods are shown/ on the table.// Recently,/ two scholars have done/ a unique study of these paintings.// They are Brian Wansink, a professor of marketing at Cornell University,/ and/ his brother Craig Wansink, a professor of religious studies/ at Virginia Wesleyan College.// Their studies focused on/ the meal shown in those paintings.// What were the aim and the method of/ the brother s study?// The aim was to find/ the time/ when modern people began to overeat.// The method was to look at/ the amounts of bread and other foods/ on the table/ and/ the size of the plates/ where they were served.//

Part 3 What observation did the Wansink brothers make/ as a ワンシンク兄弟はどんな観察をしたのか? result of/ their study? ~ の結果として / 彼らの研究で How could the Wansink brothers compare/ the amount and size?// It was important どのようにしてワンシンク兄弟は比べたのか?/ その量や大きさを // ~ したことは大事だ that/ they should have common standards/ for comparing them.// / 共通的な規格を持つべきだ / それらを比べるために // The amount and size were calculated/ by computer.// The brothers used/ the head その量や大きさは計算された / コンピューターで // 兄弟は ~ を使った / 人数を of people/ in the scene/ as a standard/ for comparison.// In this way,/ they analyzed/ / その場面の / 規格として / 比較するための // こうした方法で / 彼らは ~ を分析した / 52 paintings/ of what they call history s most famous dinner party / that were drawn/ 52 の絵を / いわゆる 歴史上の最も有名な夕食パーティー を / ~ に描かれた / the year 1000 and 2000.// 1000 年から 2000 年に As a result of the study,/ the brothers made/ the following observation:/ the amounts その研究の結果として / 兄弟は ~ をした / 以下の観察を / 絵の食事量は of food in the paintings have/ gradually been increasing.// They saw the portions/ in / 徐々に多くなってきている // 彼らはその一部を見た / the main meal grow by about 69%,/ the bread by about 23%,/ and/ the plates by about 主食は約 69% 増大し / パンは約 23%/ そして / 皿は約 66% 66%/ in 1000 years.// / 1000 年後に // People may think that/ the growth of serving sizes is a recently phenomenon.// But/ 人は ~ と考えるかもしれない / 出されたものの大きさが多くなってきたのは最近の現象だ // しかし / this study shows that/ it has been a general tendency/ for at least the last millennium. この研究は ~ を表している / 一般的な傾向であること / 少なくとも過去 1000 年で

Part 3 What observation did the Wansink brothers make/ as a result of/ their study? How could the Wansink brothers compare/ the amount and size?// It was important that/ they should have common standards/ for comparing them.// The amount and size were calculated/ by computer.// The brothers used/ the head of people/ in the scene/ as a standard/ for comparison.// In this way,/ they analyzed/ 52 paintings/ of what they call history s most famous dinner party / that were drawn/ the year 1000 and 2000.// As a result of the study,/ the brothers made/ the following observation:/ the amounts of food in the paintings have/ gradually been increasing.// They saw the portions/ in the main meal grow by about 69%,/ the bread by about 23%,/ and/ the plates by about 66%/ in 1000 years.// People may think that/ the growth of serving sizes is a recently phenomenon.// But/ this study shows that/ it has been a general tendency/ for at least the last millennium.

Part 4 What do the Wansink brothers say/ about the increasing ワンシンク兄弟はどう言っているのか?/ 増えていく~について portions of food and size of plates.// お皿の食べ物や大きさの量 // In Leonard da Vinci s The Last Supper, / you can see that/ pieces of bread on the レオナルド ダ ヴィンチの 最後の晩餐 で / ~ ということが分かる / お皿の上のパンが ~ だ table are/ smaller than people s hands.// But/ portion sizes were already increasing/ / 人々の手より小さい // しかし / 量はすでに増えてきていた / when he completed the painting/ in 1498.// 彼が絵を完成させたとき / 1498 年に // About a century later,/ Jacopo Tintoretto piled/ the food on the plates/ much higher 約 1 世紀後 / ヤコポ ティントレットは ~ を積み重ねた / お皿の上の食べ物を / はるかに高く in his paintings.// The pieces of bread and the plates had become/ far larger than/ 彼の絵の中で // パンやお皿は ~ になった / ~ よりはるかに大きく / those in Leonard da Vinci s paintings.// Ever since then,/ more and more food has been レオナルド ダ ヴィンチの絵のもの // それ以来 / ますます多くの食べ物が served/ to Jesus and his followers/ in paintings.// 提供されてきた / イエスとその使徒たちに / 絵の中で // The Wansinks suggest that/ this is a natural result of/ the increasing supply and/ ワンシンク兄弟は ~ の考えを示した / これは ~ の自然な結果 / 提供されるものが増え / safety of food and/ its decreasing price/ over the millennium that/ started in the 食べ物が安全に / 値段が下がって来ている / ~ の 1000 年のあいだに / 紀元後 1000 年が始まって year 1000 A.D.// からの ~// According to their analysis,/ the increase in serving sizes is particularly remarkable/ 彼らの分析によると / 提供されている大きさが増えてくることは特に顕著である in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.// This may be a kind of warning/ about the social 1970 年代 1980 年代 そして 1990 年代に // これは警告の一種になるかもしれない / 過食の社会問題について problem of overeating/ in advanced countries.// / 先進国での // If art reflects real life, then/ what will The Last Supper be like/ in the future?// もし芸術が実生活を反映するのなら / 最後の晩餐 はどのようになっていくのだろう?/ 将来 // It will probably depend on/ how our eating habits change/ from now on.// おそらく ~ によるだろう / 私たちの食習慣がどのように変化するのか / これから //

Part 4 What do the Wansink brothers say/ about the increasing portions of/ food and size of plates.// In Leonard da Vinci s The Last Supper, / you can see that/ pieces of bread on the table are/ smaller than people s hands.// But/ portion sizes were already increasing/ when he completed the painting/ in 1498.// About a century later,/ Jacopo Tintoretto piled/ the food on the plates/ much higher in his paintings.// The pieces of bread and the plates had become/ far larger th an/ those in Leonard da Vinci s paintings.// Ever since then,/ more and more food has been served/ to Jesus and his followers/ in paintings.// The Wansinks suggest that/ this is a natural result of/ the increasing supply and/ safety of food and/ its decreasing price/ over the millennium that/ started in the year 1000 A.D.// According to their analysis,/ the increase in serving sizes is particularly remarkable/ in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.// This may be a kind of warning/ about the social problem of overeating/ in advanced countries.// If art reflects real life, then/ what will The Last Supper be like/ in the future?// It will probably depend on/ how our eating habits change/ from now on.//