SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA Order this document by MC456/D CMOS The MC456 is a phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer constructed in CMOS on a single monolithic structure. This synthesizer finds applications in such areas as CB and FM transceivers. The device contains an oscillator/amplifier, a 2 or 2 divider chain for the oscillator signal, a programmable divider chain for the input signal, and a phase detector. The MC456 has circuitry for a.24 MHz oscillator or may operate with an external signal. The circuit provides a 5.2 MHz output signal, which can be used for frequency tripling. A 29 programmable divider divides the input signal frequency for channel selection. The inputs to the programmable divider are standard ground to supply binary signals. Pull down resistors on these inputs normally set these inputs to ground enabling these programmable inputs to be controlled from a mechanical switch or electronic circuitry. The phase detector may control a VCO and yields a high level signal when input frequency is low, and a low level signal when input frequency is high. An out of lock signal is provided from the on chip lock detector with a level for the out of lock condition. Single Power Supply Wide Supply Range: 4.5 to 2 V Provision for.24 MHz Crystal Oscillator 5.2 MHz Output Programmable Division Binary Input Selects up to 29 On Chip Pull Down Resistors on Programmable Divider Inputs Selectable Reference Divider, 2 or 2 (Including 2) Three State Phase Detector See Application Note AN535 and Article Reprint AR254 Chip Complexity: 88 FETs or 2 Equivalent Gates See the MC455 2 and MC4552 2 for Higher Performance and Added Flexibility 8 P SUFFIX PLASTIC DIP CASE 77 DW SUFFIX SOG PACKAGE CASE 75D ORDERING INFORMATION MC456P Plastic DIP MC456DW SOG Package BLOCK DIAGRAM OSCout 2out FS OSCin 2 REFERENCE DIVIDE 29 OR 2 DETECTOR φdetout fin DIVIDE BY N COUNTER 29 LD P P P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 REV 3 /98 Motorola, Inc. 998 MC456
PIN ASSIGNMENTS PLASTIC DIP 8 VSS fin 2 7 P OSCin 3 6 P OSCout 4 5 P2 2out 5 4 P3 FS 6 3 P4 φdetout 7 2 P5 LD 8 P6 P8 9 P7 SOG PACKAGE fin 2 OSCin 3 OSCout 4 2out 5 FS 6 φdetout 7 LD 8 P8 9 P7 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 VSS P NC P P2 P3 P4 NC P5 P6 NC = NO CONNECTION MAXIMUM RATINGS (Voltages Referenced to VSS) Parameter Symbol Value Unit DC Supply Voltage.5 to + 2 V Input Voltage, All Inputs Vin.5 to +.5 V DC Input Current, per Pin I ± ma Operating Temperature Range TA 4 to + 85 C Storage Temperature Range Tstg 65 to + 5 C This device contains circuitry to protect the inputs against damage due to high static voltages or electric fields; however, it is advised that normal precautions be taken to avoid application of any voltage higher than maximum rated voltages to this high impedance circuit. For proper operation it is recommended that Vin and Vout be constrained to the range VSS (Vin or Vout). MC456 2
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25 C Unless Otherwise Stated, Voltages Referenced to VSS) Characteristic Symbol All Types Vdc Min Typ* Max Unit Power Supply Voltage Range 4.5 2 V Supply Current IDD 5. 2 Input Voltage Level VIL 5. 2 Input Current FS, Pull Up Resistor Source Current) Level VIH 5. 2 Level Iin 5. 2 (P P8) 5. 2 (FS) Level 5. 2 (P P8, Pull Down Resistor Sink Current) 5. 2 (OSCin, fin) Level 5. 2 (OSCin, fin) Level 5. 2 Output Drive Current (VO = 4.5 V) (VO = 9.5 V) (VO =.5 V) (VO =.5 V) (VO =.5 V) (VO =.5 V) Input Amplitude (fin @ 4. MHz) (OSCin @.24 MHz) Input Resistance (OSCin, fin) Input Capacitance (OSCin, fin) Source Sink IOH 5. 2 IOL 5. 2 Rin 5. 2 3.5 7. 8.4 5. 5 7.5 22.5 3 2. 6. 9. 2. 6. 9..7..5.9.4 2...5 6 28 6 8 3 9 6. 25 37 6. 25 37.4 2.2 3..8 2.8 4..2.3..5 35 5.5 3. 3.6 5 5.3.3.3.3.3.3 75 225 3 5 62 92 5 62 92 ma V µa ma V p p Sine Cin 6. pf MΩ Three State Leakage Current (φdetout) IOZ 5. 2... µa Input Frequency ( 4 to + 85 C) fin 4.5 2 4. 4. MHz Oscillator Frequency ( 4 to + 85 C) OSCin 4.5 2 *Data labelled Typ is not to be used for design purposes but is intended as an indication of the IC s potential performance....24.24 MHz MC456 3
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS* 25 25 V DD, POSITIVE POWER SUPPLY (V) 5 5. + 25 C + 85 C 4 C V DD, SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5 5. + 25 C + 85 C 4 C 3 fin, MAXIMUM FREQUENCY (MHz) 4 5 3 4 OSCin, MAXIMUM FREQUENCY (MHz) 5 Figure. Maximum Divider Input Frequency versus Supply Voltage Figure 2. Maximum Oscillator Input Frequency versus Supply Voltage * Data labelled Typ is not to be used for design purposes but is intended as an indication of the IC s potential performance. TRUTH TABLE Selection P8 P7 P6 P5 P4 P3 P2 P P Divide by N 2* 3* 2 3 4 255 5 : Voltage level =. : Voltage level = or open circuit input. * The binary setting of and on P8 to P results in a 2 and 3 division which is not in the 2N sequence. When pin is not connected the logic signal on that pin can be treated as a. PIN DESCRIPTIONS P P8 Programmable Inputs (PDIP Pins 7 9; SOG Pins 9, 7 4, 2 9) Programmable divider inputs (binary). fin Frequency Input (PDIP, SOG Pin 2) Frequency input to programmable divider (derived from VCO). OSCin, OSCout Oscillator Input and Oscillator Output (PDIP, SOG Pins 3, 4) Oscillator/amplifier input and output terminals. LD Lock Detector (PDIP, SOG Pin 8) LD is high when loop is locked, pulses low when out of lock. φdetout (PDIP, SOG Pin 7) Signal for control of external VCO, output high when fin/n is less than the reference frequency; output low when fin/n is greater than the reference frequency. Reference frequency is the divided down oscillator input frequency typically 5. or khz. NOTE Phase Detector Gain = /4π. FS Reference Oscillator Frequency Division Select (PDIP, SOG Pin 6) When using.24 MHz OSC frequency, this control selects khz, a selects 5. khz. 2out (PDIP, SOG Pin 5) Reference OSC frequency divided by 2 output; when using.24 MHz OSC frequency, this output is 5.2 MHz for frequency tripling applications. Positive Power Supply (PDIP, SOG Pin ) VSS Ground (PDIP Pin 8, SOG Pin ) MC456 4
PLL SYNTHESIZER APPLICATIONS The MC456 is well suited for applications in CB radios because of the channelized frequency requirements. A typical 4 channel CB transceiver synthesizer, using a single crystal reference, is shown in Figure 3 for receiver IF values of.695 MHz and 455 khz. In addition to applications in CB radios, the MC456 can be used as a synthesizer for several other systems. Various frequency spectrums can be achieved through the use of proper offset, prescaling, and loop programming techniques. In general, 3 4 channels can be synthesized using a single loop, with many additional channels available when multiple loop approaches are employed. Figures 4 and 5 are examples of some possibilities. In the aircraft synthesizer of Figure 5, the VHF loop (top) will provide a 5 khz, 36 channel system with.7 MHz R/T offset when only the.5 MHz (transmit) and 2. MHz (receive) frequencies are provided to mixer #. When these signals are provided with crystal oscillators, the result is a three crystal 36 channel, 5 khz step synthesizer. When using the offset loop (bottom) in Figure 5 to provide the indicated injection frequencies for mixer # (two for transmit and two for receive) 36 additional channels are possible. This results in a 7 channel, 25 khz step synthesizer which requires only two crystals and provides R/T offset capability. The receive offset value is determined by the.3 MHz crystal frequency and is.7 MHz for the example. The VHF marine synthesizer in Figure 4 depicts a single loop approach for FM transceivers. The VCO operates on frequency during transmit and is offset downward during receive. The offset corresponds to the receive IF (.7 MHz) for channels having identical receive/transmit frequencies (simplex), and is (.7 4.6 = 6.) MHz for duplex channels. Carrier modulation is introduced in the loop during transmit..24 MHz OSC 2 MC456 PROGRAMMABLE DIVIDER 29/2 LD 5. khz LOOP VCO DETECTOR FILTER 26.965 27.45 MHz (TRANSMIT) 26.5 26.95 MHz (RECEIVE) GND SWITCH WAFERS R/T X 5 25.6 MHz.365.85 MHz (TRANSMIT).9.35 MHz (RECEIVE) TO RECEIVER 2ND.24 MHz RECEIVER ST LOCAL OSC SIGNAL 6.27 6.7 MHz Figure 3. Single Crystal CB Synthesizer Featuring On Frequency VCO During Transmit MC456 5
GND LOCK DETECT 5.2 MHz (.24 MHz) REF OSC 2 MC456 N 29 29, 2 DIVIDER 2.5 khz (5. khz) DETECTOR LOOP FILTER VCO AND TRANSMIT RANGE 56.25 57.425 MHz *57.4 RECEIVER L.O. RANGE 45.575 52.575 MHz *5.3 PROGRAMMABLE INPUTS N = 97 TO 53 *52 MODULATION TRANSMIT MODULATION CIRCUIT FILTER.2425.3825 (.485.765) *.38 ( 5) TRIPLER 5.36 (3.72) RECEIVE OFFSET TRANSMIT RECEIVE OSCILLATOR NOTES: Receiver IF =.7 MHz. Low Side Injection. Duplex Offset = 4.6 MHz. Step Size = 25 khz. Frequencies in MHz unless noted. Values in parentheses are for a 5. khz reference frequency. Example frequencies for Channel 28 shown by *. #Can be eliminated by adding 84 to N for Duplex Channels. SIMPLEX 4.29 (28.58) DUPLEX 4.75# (29.5) Figure 4. VHF Marine Transceiver Synthesizer MC456 6
LOCK DETECT.24 MHz REF OSC 2 MC456 N 29 29, 2 DIVIDER 5. khz DETECTOR LOOP FILTER VCO AND TRANSMIT 8. 35.975 MHz (25 khz STEPS) RECEIVE 28.7 46.675 MHz VHF LOOP PROGRAMMING 75 khz 2545 khz N = 5 59 GND LOCK DETECT # TRANSMIT.5 MHz.525 MHz 5.2 MHz REF OSC AND 2 29, 2 DIVIDER MC456 2.5 khz DETECTOR LOOP FILTER VCO AND RECEIVE 2. MHz 2.225 MHz N 29 OFFSET LOOP PROGRAMMING 8 khz 82.5 khz N = 324 325 GND #2 AMP OSC TRANSMIT.24 MHz RECEIVE.3 MHz (SELECT FREQUENCY TO GIVE DESIRED R/T OFFSET) Figure 5. VHF Aircraft 7 Channel Two Crystal Frequency Synthesizer MC456 7
8 9 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS P SUFFIX PLASTIC DIP (DUAL IN LINE PACKAGE) CASE 77 2 B NOTES:. POSITIONAL TOLERANCE OF LEADS (D), SHALL BE WITHIN.25 (.) AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION, IN RELATION TO SEATING PLANE AND EACH OTHER. 2. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN FORMED PARALLEL. 3. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. H F G A D N C SEATING PLANE K L M J DIM A B C D F G H J K L M N MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 22.22 23.24 6. 6.6 3.56 4.57.36.56.27.78 2.54 BSC.2. 2.92 7.62 BSC.5.52.3 3.43 5.2 INCHES MIN MAX.875.95.24.26.4.8.4.22.5.7. BSC.4.8.5.6.2.35.3 BSC. 5.4 A X D B. (.25) M T A S B S 8X G K DW SUFFIX SOG (SMALL OUTLINE GULL WING) PACKAGE CASE 75D 4 C X P. (.25) M T SEATING PLANE J F B M M R X 45 NOTES:. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y4.5M, 982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION.5 (.6) PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE.3 (.5) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. MILLIMETERS INCHES DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX A 2.65 2.95.499.5 B 7.4 7.6.292.299 C 2.35 2.65.93.4 D.35.49.4.9 F.5.9..35 G.27 BSC.5 BSC J.25.32..2 K..25.4.9 M 7 7 P.5.55.395.45 R.25.75..29 Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. Typical parameters which may be provided in Motorola data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including Typicals must be validated for each customer application by customer s technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Motorola product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Motorola and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. Motorola and are registered trademarks of Motorola, Inc. Motorola, Inc. is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. Mfax is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. How to reach us: USA / EUROPE / Locations Not Listed: Motorola Literature Distribution; JAPAN: Nippon Motorola Ltd.; SPD, Strategic Planning Office; 4-32-, P.O. Box 545, Denver, Colorado, 827. -33-675-24 or -8-44-2447 Nishi-Gotanda; Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 4, Japan. 8-3-5487-8488 Mfax : RMFAX@email.sps.mot.com TOUCHTONE -62-244-669 ASIA/PACIFIC: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd.; 8B Tai Ping Industrial Park, Motorola Fax Back System US & Canada ONLY -8-774-848 5 Ting Kok Road, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong. 852-26629298 http://sps.motorola.com /mfax / HOME PAGE : http://motorola.com/sps / CUSTOMER FOCUS CENTER: -8-52-6274 MC456/D 8
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