Future Naval Electronic Support (ES) For a Changing Maritime Role A-TEMP-009-1 ISSUE 002 Presented By : Lance Clayton AOC - Aardvark Roost
ES as part of Electronic Warfare Electronic Warfare ES (Electronic Support) EA (Electronic Attack) EP (Electronic Protection)
Classical ES Requirements Electronic Support (Electromagnetic Support ) Radar-ESM Communications-ESM To provide tactical warning and situation awareness in order to take required action Signals Intelligence(SIGINT) ELINT & COMINT To gather detailed signal information for analysis to populate ESM threat libraries or make strategic decisions
Future Naval ES Requirements Frigate Fighting Role Tactical Warning and Immediate Situation Awareness to Take Required Action Patrol Vessel Constabulary Role Early Warning and Reconnaissance including Situational Intelligence and Surveillance
Application of ES for Early Threat Warning Early threat warning is crucial for naval vessels operating in the littoral due to attack from land based anti-ship missiles Attack on the INS Hanit by a C-802 (Noor) Anti-Ship Missile Attack on the HSV-2 Swift by a C-802 (Noor) Anti-Ship Missile
Application of ES for Early Threat Warning The use of Anti-Ship Missiles against Naval vessels fired from Mobile Land Based Launch Vehicles using Commercial Maritime Radars for Target Detection is a Threat to Naval and Commercial Maritime Activities! Maritime Radar
Application of ES for Reconnaissance In a Reconnaissance role the emissions from commercial and military Radio and Radar systems would provide situational intelligence. These roles would require varied ES receiver capabilities and operational pictures and procedures to tactical ESM. Spectral & Polar Display of Emitter Information
Application of ES for Surveillance In a Surveillance role the emissions from radios and commercial radars would provide an information layer to populate a Maritime Domain Awareness Picture.
A Changing Electromagnetic Environment The emergence of Commercial Solid State Low Power Coherent Pulsed Radars The emergence of Commercial Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) Radars. Increasing electromagnetic density (Numbers of similar frequency radars closely spaced in bearing) Complex Waveforms with varied Pulse Widths (PW), Intra-Pulse characteristics, Pulse Repitition Frequency (PRF), Antenna Beamwidth s and Antenna Rotational Period (ARP) Classification of radars by waveform and no longer only parameters such as PW, PRF and ARP Communications equipment in similar bands to radars
A Changing Electromagnetic Environment Short Pulsed Non-Coherent radars with peak powers of 20-25KW are being replaced with radars transmitting peak powers of around 200W Pulse Compression Technology is common place in in newer radars, the low power pulses with pulse widths of up to 100 us which would equate to a range resolution of around 15Km are compressed using chirp or other coding technology to equivalent narrow band pulses with range resolutions down a few meteres. This presents a challenge to the ES receiver system where sensitivities need to increase by around 20dB and the receivers need to be more capable of handling CW signals.
A Changing Electromagnetic Environment Kelvin Hughes Sharpeye The radar outputs a frame of transmission pulses in a defined sequence to satisfy the requirements of short, medium and long range detection. The frame comprises a 0.1μs of gated CW (short pulse), and two pulses (medium and long pulse) containing a non-linear frequency modulated chirp with a swept bandwidth of approximately 20 MHz. X(I) Band 9220-9480MHz 200W Peak S(EF) Band 2900-3100MHz 200W Peak
A Changing Electromagnetic Environment Simrad HALO Pulsed Frequency Swept Emissions 40ns Pulse and up to 6 Chirped Pulse Compression Pulses X(I) Band 9.410-9495 25 Watt Peak Chirp Bandwidth 2-32MHz
A Changing Electromagnetic Environment TERMA Scanter 5000 Pulsed Frequency Swept Emissions X(I) Band 9-9200 & 9250-9500 50-200 Watt Peak 6 Sub-Frequencies
A Changing Electromagnetic Environment Simrad 4G X(I) Band 9.3-9.4GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Peak Power 165mW Sweep Repitition Frequency 200-540Hz Sweep Time 1.3 ms Sweep Bandwidth 75MHz
75MHz A Changing Electromagnetic Environment Simrad 4G 1.3 ms
Increased Sensitivity Radar ES Receiver Technology Demonstrator Wide Band Receiver and Narrow Band Dual Conversion Superhet Receiver
Increased Sensitivity Radar ES Receiver Technology Demonstrator Lab Tests on Narrow Band X-Band Superhet Receiver with increased sensitivity of around -80dBm
Radar ES Receiver Technology Demonstrator Receiver Lab Tests Actual Trials with this receiver against SharpEye Low Power Pulse Compression Radar have also shown good results
Radar ES Receiver Technology Demonstrator ES Technology Demonstrator Receiver System X(I) Band C(G) Band S(EF) Band Limiter Limiter Limiter Spin-DF Antenna Low Noise Amplifiers C(G) Band RX S(EF) Band RX PSU Spin DF and Omni Antennas Combined with the Superhet Receiver can make a fairly low cost high sensitivity Radar ES Receiver for R&D Omni Antenna
Radar ES Receiver Technology Demonstrator Narrow Band Receiver IF Sampling FPGA Technology for Technology Demonstrator applications COTS FPGA Development Board and 150Ms 14 bit acquisition Daughter Board Custom developed FPGA Board with 100Ms 14 bit ADC on Board
Radar ES Receiver Technology Demonstrator Narrow Band FPGA Based IF Sampling of Pulsed Radar Emissions Radar Waveform Identification by measuring PW on a pulse to pulse basis and determining Intra-Pulse characteristics such as Fixed Frequency or PMOP, LFMOP or NLPMOP
Changes in Radar ES Receiver Processing Design De-Interleave by Frequency when Emitters are Fixed Frequency (Using Superhet Techniques) De-Interleave by Amplitude when Emitters are Frequency Agile or Close in Frequency Separation
Changes in Radar ES Receiver Processing Design The identifying parameters for FMCW radars would be as follows : Antenna Rotational Period (ARP) Sweep Repetition Frequency (Hz) Sweep Time (ms) Sweep Bandwidth (MHz) FFT Range Bins
Changes in Radar ES Receiver Processing Design Analysis of FMCW parameters would require high speed FFT analysis at rates much higher than the radar s range FFT High Speed FFT F (t)
Challenges in Radar ES Receiver Design for Surveillance & Reconnaissance Modular Receiver System Design Including Modules for Specific Applications
Communications ES Capability for Surveillance & Reconnaissance Capabilities in Communications Spectrum Monitoring and Detailed Signal Analysis Similar in Nature to SIGINT Wide-Band Receiver Capability (R&S PR100) GEW Skylark 7050 DF Advanced Decoding Capability (Wavecom)
Communications ES Capability for Surveillance & Reconnaissance Other than spectrum monitoring there is a requirement for detailed signal analysis. Wide-Band Receiver Detection Advanced Analysis and Decoding
Communications ES Capability for Surveillance & Reconnaissance System Specific Communications Intelligence (Non-Passive Systems) Satellite Phone Interception Cellular Phone Interception/Identification
To Conclude The receiver technologies required for Radar Intercept need to be of increased sensitivity to deal with low power radars. Communications Intercept technologies and technologies for FMCW radars are very similar now and can actually overlap in function. Other than for spectrum monitoring, communications ES needs to focus on identified systems of interest. Intercept technologies for low power pulsed radars are quite complex and need to determine group parameters to identify waveforms. Radar and communications intercept are required on patrol vessels and radar intercept is of particular importance on patrol vessels operating internationally for early threat warning. Questions?