Fro the SelectedWorks of Innovtive Reserch Publictions IRP Indi Winter Noveber, 05 Pulse Width Modulted AC Voltge Controller Filter Design by Optiiztion Technique N. Murli, Dr.V. Blji Avilble t: https://works.bepress.co/irpindi/430/
Pulse Width Modulted AC Voltge Controller Filter Design by Optiiztion Technique N.Murli, Dr.V.Blji Reserch Scholr, SCSVMV University, Knchipur, Tilndu Associte Professor, School of Electricl Engineering, BAHIR DAR University,Ethiopi urlibeee@gil.co, bljieee79@gil.co Abstrct The AC voltge controller plys vitl role in ny of the industries. In this pper the ultiple pulse width odulted AC voltge controllers is designed for nlyzing the different lods. The perfornce of AC voltge controller is nlyzed with nd. The perfornce preters re output voltge nd totl hronic distortion. The perfornce nlysis is done for pulse width odulted AC voltge controller with resistive lod nd cobintion of resistive nd inductive lod. The design of pssive filter coponents is obtined using prticle swr bcteril forging optiiztion technique. The effect of filter requireents is nlyzed using the Mtlb softwre. Keywords Filter coponent, optiiztion technique, totl hronic distortion, AC Voltge controller I. INTRODUCTION The AC Voltge controller plys iportnt role in industries for the ppliction on controlling high speed fn nd pup control systes[8]. The cost nd econoy of the controller is chep copred to other different ethods of speed control. In the literture different topologies is described like TRIAC control, phse ngle control nd single pulse width odultion techniques [5]. TRIAC control is the siplest nd econoic voltge regultors but the hronic in the output voltge is ore. The phse ngle control is best suited for different lod conditions for energy sving echniss but the distortion in the wvefor is ore t lrger triggering ngle. Single pulse width odultion is utilized for c voltge controllers. Fro the literture it is understood tht phse control is better copred to single pulse width odultion for energy sving strtegy []. The ultiple pulse width odultion nd extinction ngle control shows better perfornce copred to other conventionl controllers [9]. The pssive filter nd ctive filters plys vitl role in king the wvefor sooth nd intin the totl hronic distortion within the liits. The design of pssive filter is utost iportnce for enhncing the qulity of c voltge controllers. The novel ethod of hronic eliintion ethod copred to fixed duty cycle ethod for reoving lower order hronics []. This result gives good indiction of using new technique for eliinting lower order hronics. This requires further investigtion of eliinting other hronics. This pper gives insight view of using optil cpcitor for AC chopper ws done through siultions []. This cn be done by hrdwre for further enhnceent in studies. The new concept of series resonnt conversion for AC chopper ws studied. Finlly siple pssive filter is used to filter the hronics [3]. The totl hronic distortion is less tht 5% fro hrdwre reliztion. This pper nlyses conventionl ethod of c voltge controller nd this pper uses syetriclly controlled technique to reduce the hronics. The in drwbck is use of force couttion which cuses jor effect on output voltge [4]. This pper focuses on design of input nd output filters of c voltge controllers. The jor drwbck of this ethod is duty cycle ffects the power fctor nd hence optil cpcitor design is required [5]. The in objective of this pper is to nlyse the stedy stte equivlent circuit pulse width odultion of c voltge controller for resistive nd resistive-inductive lod. Initilly the perfornce is nlysed without pssive filter coponents for ultiple pulse width odultion of c voltge controller for both resistive nd resistive-inductive lod. The trnsfer function for c voltge controller with resistive nd resistive-inductive lod is derived. Fro this the power fctor is clculted nd tken s objective function for the optiiztion lgorith. The optiiztion is perfored for suitble vlues of filter inductnce nd cpcitnce to iniize the objective function. The perfornce preters for the c chopper re totl hronic distortion nd pure sinusoidl of c output voltge. II. ANALYSIS OF PWM AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER The pulse width odultion of AC voltge controller plys vitl role in industries [6]. The power circuit consists of in IGBT with four diodes nd for freewheeling ction hs suppleentry IGBT with four diodes re forulted s power circuit nd the digr is shown in figure. During positive hlf cycle the in IGBT will conduct through diodes D nd D nd pss through lod nd return bck to supply. The freewheeling ction tkes plce when in device is off nd suppleentry device is on. During negtive hlf cycle current psses through lod, diodes D3, in device nd diode D4 nd IJSET@05 Pge 56
return bck to supply. Fro this opertion it is iplied tht pulse genertion is designed such tht in nd suppleentry IGBT will not conduct siultneously. Fig. PWM AC voltge controller with R Lod The in purpose of pssive filter in AC voltge controller gives distortion free output. The filter inductor should be optiu vlue such tht the hronics in the output voltge is less nd the lrger vlue of inductnce cuses power dissiption in the filter circuit is ore. The vlue of cpcitnce decreses the ngle between the voltge nd current gives ner unity power fctor. In the equivlent circuit the ipednce is tken s resistive lod R. D is the duty rtio, L nd C re filter inductnce nd cpcitnce respectively. The trnsfer function for the bove equivlent circuit with resistive lod is second order function. O s D V L LC s R V (4 The finl trnsfer function is given s V O V s LCR D * R sl R (5 The ngle θ is obtined fro the eqution (5 shown below Fig. PWM AC voltge controller with RL Lod Under stedy stte conditions the output voltge of AC voltge controller is given by [] V O D *V ( The stedy stte equivlent circuit is given by LCR L tn (6 R The trnsfer function[] for the bove equivlent circuit with resistive nd inductive lod is obtined s VO D( R sl V s LC ( R sl sl R sl The ngle θ is obtined fro the eqution (8 shown below 3 L LCL LCR ( L L tn tn (8 R R (7 III. PARTICLE SWARM BACTERIA FORAGING OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE Fig 3. Stedy Stte Equivlent circuit The filter inductnce design cn be obtined by the forul L V T( D ( I ripple The cpcitnce vlue should be greter thn the designed vlue. C V T (3 8* L * V ( D ripple The conventionl lgorith like dynic progring, ziegler-nichlos ethod nd genetic lgorith solves the nonliner theticl probles. The dynic progring ethod hs tedious steps nd tie consuing. The output converges t longer tie. In ziegler-nichlos is the bsic ethod of obtining the proportionl integrl nd derivtive gins of prticulr control syste. This ethod hs lrger settling tie nd pek overshoot, hence unsuitble for ccurte control syste probles. This pved the wy for optiiztion of solving nonliner equtions. The first nd foreost is the concept of genetic lgorith. Fro this ny new concepts hve rrived like IJSET@05 Pge 57
swr intelligence, nt colony nd ny other new concepts for solving the non-liner probles [7]. The prticle swr optiiztion is the behvior of colony of swr of nts nd flock of birds. The in objective of this optiiztion is finding the food in lest possible tie nd pth tken to rech the finl point. Ech prticle is ssued to hve position nd velocity. In the serch spce the swr of birds will ove in rndo direction. When it finds the best position it will reeber nd counicte to other birds for the food. The position nd velocities re djusted depending on the food loctions. V wv * V C * rnd( LP CP C rnd ( GP CP (9 * Where V is the velocity of prticle, C, C re constnts, LP is locl position, CP is current position, GP is globl position nd ѡ v ccelertion fctor. If the position of ll the prticles re obtined then it is converged. Otherwise the second itertion will strt by strting fro locl best position nd globl best position. The bcteri forging optiiztion bsiclly evolves the concept of E.coli bcteriu. The concept of E.coli is it serches for food nd the bcteri grows, while when it is ner with noxious substnces it will retrd [4]. There re three bsic opertions in bcteril forging optiiztion ethod they re cheotxis, reproduction nd eliintion nd dispersl. The cheotctic step ply iportnt role for iproving or retrding the strength of bcteri. When the environent is good nd ll the nutrients will be dding for bcteri nd the size will iprove. When the environent is not suitble for growth then it will retrd nd dispper. The swiing opertion llows in oving with other bcteri possibly in clockwise direction. The tubling opertion will be used when there is ny chnge in opertion. Norlly it rottes in nti-clockwise direction especilly when the noxious environent occurs. The second step of reproduction opertion the bcteri with good nutrients will increse in size nd sexully split into two prts. The cheotctic step is given below. M ( i, j, l M ( i, j, l R( i ( i (0 T ( i ( i Where R(i is step length, O is nuber of vribles used in optiiztion nd d ttrctnt, W ttrctnt, h repellnt,w repellnt re the different coefficients in the optiiztion lgorith. F(M,O(j, l is the objective function need to be iniized, re the different coefficients re chosen properly for the optiized vlue of the pssive filter design. F( M, O( j, l S i S i d h S i F( M, M i ( j, l P i ttrc tn texp( W ttrc tn t ( M M repellnt exp( W P repellnt ( M M i ( In the finl step is the eliintion nd dispersl in this the good helthy bcteri will survive for the next itertion nd unhelthy bcteri will be eliinted. The good food source loction will be reebered nd for the next itertion this process will continue till the convergence result is obtined. In this pper the objective function is given s Objective function F = Subjected to F Min <= F <= F Mx power fctor Where F (L, C nd the corresponding rnge of vlues indicte the iniu nd xiu vlue of pssive filter coponents. 4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.Resistive Lod The vrition of duty cycle with fundentl AC voltge is tbulted for resistive lod of ultiple pulse width odulted AC voltge controller. The tbulted vlues re shown fro without filter. The lod resistnce used is 50 ohs. Tble I : PWM AC Voltge controller Resistive lod S.No Duty Cycle Fundentl output voltge in volts 0. 5.68 0. 34.7 3 0.3 48.76 4 0.4 64.8 5 0.5 84.77 6 0.6 93.0 7 0.7 8. 8 0.8 40.4 9 0.9 67.6 IJSET@05 Pge 58
Tble II :PWM AC Voltge controller Resistive lod with filter S.No Duty Cycle Fundentl output voltge in volts 0. 7.7 0. 57 3 0.3 86.7 4 0.4 6.3 5 0.5 50.9 6 0.6 8 7 0.7 8 0.8 4 9 0.9 50 Fig 4 Output Voltge wvefor for resistive lod Fig 6 Totl Hronic distortion for resistive lod with filter 4. Resistive nd Inductive Lod The vrition of duty cycle with fundentl AC voltge is tbulted for resistive-inductive lod of ultiple pulse width odulted AC voltge controller. The tbulted vlues re shown fro. The lod resistnce used is 50 ohs nd lod inductnce used is 0 illi Henry. Tble III. PWM AC Voltge controller Resistive-Inductive lod S.No Duty Cycle Fundentl output voltge 0. in volts 7.9 0. 9.6 3 0.3 54. 4 0.4 73.0 5 0.5 9.76 6 0.6 0.5 7 0.7 9.3 8 0.8 48 9 0.9 66.6 Fig 5 Totl Hronic distortion for resistive lod Tble IV :PWM AC Voltge controller Resistive-Inductive lod with filter S.No Duty Cycle Fundentl output voltge in volts 0. 9 0. 7 3 0.3 0 4 0.4 47 5 0.5 85.6 6 0.6 3 7 0.7 6 8 0.8 98 9 0.9 335 Fig 6 Output Voltge wvefor for resistive lod with filter IJSET@05 Pge 59
A coputer code hs been done using Mtlb file progring. The design dt re fed in to the progr long with the subject to constrints is entioned. The objective function is clculted for different itertions nd it should hve iniu vlue. The corresponding vlues of pssive filter coponents re obtined fro the progr. The estited vlues re siulted using MATLAB siulink environent to get the necessry sinusoidl output voltge nd perissible liits of totl hronic distortion. Fig 7 Output Voltge wvefor for resistive nd inductive lod It is understood tht by the ppliction of filter the output voltge wvefor becoes pure sinusoidl. The totl hronic distortion is high vlue nd it is with in perissible liits of 5percentge for the resistive lod. The pssive filter coponents re obtined fro the optiiztion lgorith s L = 0 illi Henry nd cpcitor vlue is 00 icrofrd. The pssive filter is lso pplied for resistive nd inductive lod. The output voltge is not purely sinusoidl becuse of ultiple pulse width odultion. The percentge of hronics is of high vlue. By using the filters the vlue of totl hronic distortion is reduced. The vlues of filter coponents re L = 50 illi Henry ; nd C = 300 icrofrd. Fig 8 Totl Hronic distortion for resistive nd inductive lod Fig 9 Output Voltge wvefor for resistive nd inductive lod with filter 5.CONCLUSION The perfornce nlysis of ultiple pulse width odultion fed c voltge controller feeding resistive nd resistive-inductive lod is obtined with nd. This is done using nlyticl ethods cobined with optiiztion lgorith nd siultion using MATLAB siulink. Soe concluding interprettions fro the explortion re s follows. The output voltge hs iproved significntly by using pssive filter for both lods t ny duty rtio of the c voltge controller. In resistive lod the output voltge is ore thn input voltge t duty rtio of 0.9 is due to the effect of cpcitnce vlue. The totl hronic distortion for the resistive lod is 3% while by incorporting the filter in the circuit the totl hronic distortion is 4.99% within the perissible liit of Interntionl electricl nd electronics engineering stndrd. The output voltge wvefor of pulse width odultion is not proper sine wve. After filtering opertions the wvefor is considered to purely sinusoidl. For resistive inductive lod the wvefor is sinusoidl. The wvefor of current wve for is shifted by soe ngle due to the fct tht lod is inductive nture. This cn verted by closed control of current kes the wvefor sinusoidl. Fig 0 Totl Hronic distortion for resistive nd inductive lod with filter 6. REFERENCES i. Yu Hongxing, Li Min nd Ji Yncho, An dvnced hronic eliintion PWM technique of AC choppers IEEE power electronics specilists conference, vol., pp. 6-65, 004. ii. Khsen. W,Aursopon.A, S-ngivibool nd Kittisin.S, Designing preters in PWM buck AC chopper for unity power fctor, IEEE conference on electricl IJSET@05 Pge 530
engineering coputer infortion technology, pp. 73 734, 0. iii. Chein-Ming Wng, Ching-Hung Su, Chng-Hu Lin nd Chi-Hu Liu, A series resonnt single phse AC chopper, IEEE interntionl syposiu on industril electronics, ISIE, pp. 40-44, 009. iv. Hshe. G.M nd Drwish. M.K, Generlized syetricl ngle PWM technique for c voltge controller, IEEE conference University power engineering conference,vol., pp. 898-90, 004. v. Apin Aursopon nd Wnchi Khsen, Iproveent of input power fctor in PWM AC chopper by selecting the optil preters Przegld elektrotechniczny, pp. 0-6, 03. vi. Ahed, N.A., Aei, K. & Skui, M, A New Configurtion of SinglePhse Syetricl PWM AC Chopper Voltge Controller, IEEE Trnsctions on Industril Applictions, vol. 46, no 5, pp. 94-95, 999. vii. Pnithi snjit nd Apinn Aursopon, Asyetricl PWM for Hronics Reduction nd Power Fctor Iproveent in PWM AC Choppers Using Bee Colony Optiiztion, Journl of power electronics,vol. 5,no, pp 7-34, 05. viii. M.A.Abdel-hli nd A.F.Alrshoud, Electronic control of single phse induction otor using AC chopper, Journl of engineering nd coputer science,vol., no, pp. 83-94, 008. ix. K.Sundreswrn nd P.S. Mnujith, Stedy stte nlysis nd siultion of AC chopper fed cpcitor run induction otors IETE journl of reserch, vol. 47,no 6, pp. 3-34, 00. x. Ju-sung kng, Nbil A Ahed, Kwng-joo Choi, Hyun Woo Lee nd Mutsuo Nko Pulse odulted AC voltge regultor using bidirectionl ctive switches with different control strtegies IEEE conference, vol., pp. 07-, 005. xi. K.Sundreswrn, N.Rjsekr, V.T.Sreedevi, Perfornce coprison of cpcitor run induction otor supplied fro AC voltge regultor nd SPWM chopper, IEEE trnsctions on industril electronics, vol. 53,no 3, pp. 990-993, 006. xii. Deniz Yildiri,Murt Bilgic, PWM AC chopper control of single phse induction otor for vrible speed fn ppliction, in IEEE conference pp. 337-34, 008. xiii. Nbil A Ahed, Kenji Aei, Mski Skui, AC chopper voltge controller fed single phse induction otor eploying syetricl PWM technique, Electric power systes reserch, Elsevier, vol. 55,no, pp.5-5, 000. xiv. Vldiir Sous Sntos,Percy Viego Felipe, Julio Goez Srduy, Bcteri forging lgorith ppliction for induction otor field efficiency estition under unblnced voltges, in Science direct Mesureent Elsevier,vol.46, no7, pp. 3-37, 03. xv. K.Sundreswrn, A iproved energy sving schee for cpcitor run induction otor, in IEEE trnsctions on industril electronics, vol. 48, no, pp. 38-40, 00. About Authors : N.Murli hs 0 yers of teching experience. Now he is working s Consultnt. His current res of reserch re Optiiztion techniques, power electronics nd drives, electricl chines nd power electronics ppliction in power syste. He hs published 6 reserch ppers in interntionl journls nd 6 ppers in ntionl conferences. He is Life eber of Syste society of Indi. Prof.Dr. V.BALAJI hs 4 yers of teching experience. Now he is working s Associte Professor in the school of Electricl Engineering, Bhir Dr University Ethiopi. His current res of reserch re odel predictive control, process control, couniction nd Fuzzy nd Neurl Networks. He hs received world gretest techer wrd, best techer wrd, excellence in eduction wrd nd Dr APJ Abdul Kl wrd for young scientist. He hs Published 50 reserch ppers nd two books. www.vblji.in website ws creted by hi nd study terils were uploded. He is serving s n externl supervisor in vrious universities He is n ctive eber of ISTE, IAENG, IAOE, IACSIT, FMIAEME, LMIAOE, LM IACSIT, SMIRED, MIIRJC.. He is lso serving s n Chief Editor, Associte editor, editoril bord eber nd reviewer in vrious journls. IJSET@05 Pge 53