Open Philosophies for Associative Autopoietic Digital Ecosystems

Open Philosophies for Associative Autopoietic Digital Ecosystems Paolo Dini LSE Digital Ecosystems Cluster Concertation Workshop Bruxelles, 21 May 2007

Map OPAALS Partners Timeline WPs Outcomes Associative & Autopoietic Digital Ecosystems Disciplines Process Topics Social Science Computer Science Natural Science Disciplinary integration Instantiated Methodology Spaces of Debate Language Beyond Turing Machines Gene Expression Computing Use cases & Component Architecture of DBE OPAALS Website OKS Repository OKS Architecture

Social Science Language Critical Theory of Technology Social Constructivism DBE in 2003 and Now Paradigms Empirical & Action Research Open Source Computing Memory Implementation Science Evolution Testing Digital Business Ecosystem Language Adoption Networks Legend Business Theoretical Applied

Process View of Digital Ecosystems Research Research projects Interdisciplinary research Theory Time Digital ecosystems communities Reflexivity : Before we can preach about the role of social science in socio-economic development catalysed by ICTs, we need to learn how to communicate and work together across disciplinary boundaries Applications

2.5-A-NC-SA Strands of Research Regional Catalysts & SMEs Regulatory framework, identity, accountability & trust Open Source 2.0 Creative Commons Evolutionary distributed service-oriented architecture Sustainable socio-economic development Formalisation of knowledge (BML) Distributed transaction model Digital Ecosystems DBE Studio ExE & EvE Scale-free, P2P networks Evolutionary computation Metabolic computation Interactive computation (Biocomputing strand was requested by the EC)

Definitions I Table 1.1 A Digital Ecosystem is Social Science Computer Science Natural Science Several categories of users A set of formal languages A security and identity infrastructure A service-oriented architecture A service development environment A distributed P2P run-time environment A distributed persistent storage layer A community of users A shared set of languages A set of regulatory norms and guidelines to foster trust A population of services An open-source serviceoriented infrastructure A population of interacting agents/ apps A distributed evolutionary environment A dynamic, adaptive, learning, and scale-free network infrastructure

Coexistence Software Use Software Engineering Digital media Communications Service migration Social Science Autocatalytic cycles Selection pressure Natural Science Fitness Evolution Computer Science what about software Design?? Software Synthesis

An Interesting Theoretical Result of DBE Research The lack of theory that is often lamented in software engineering is actually not a lack at all: There is plenty of theory underpinning software engineering, it just does not happen to be all Mathematics and Logic A good part of the theory comes from Social Science and Language Software Engineering is a social process!

Digital Business Ecosystem Methodology O S S ExE DBE Studio EvE Mathematics, Biology, Physics Evolution Computer Science NLP P2P Code Generation Providers Language Business modelling, Software Design & Development Process Software Services Consumers Testing Market, Business Domain, Regional Catalysts

Contextual Feedbacks of Digital Ecosystems Methodology Policy Linguistics Socio-Economic Impact Normative & Regulatory Framework Web 2.0

Definitions II ServENT = SERVer + client

Distributed View Create Consume OPAALS will integrate the 3 environments Based on figure by Thomas Kurz, SUAS

Local View Habitat Network FADA Network DBE Service DBE Studio model EvE interface Habitat EvEService ServENT Local context

Service Creation and Deployment - Today 1- Create BML/SSL Model in DBE Studio (CIM) 2- Specify SDL interface (PIM) SDL Editor 3- Transformation to PSM 4- Create Service Manifest SM Editor 5- Implement code BML Editor Composer Model Repository 7- Publish in Semantic Registry Semantic Registry 6- Test Testing tool 8- Deploy service in local or remote ServENT 9- EvEService is created automatically and deployed in Local Service Pool Habitat Service LSP Local context DBE Studio ServENT FADA 10- EvEService is sent to other Habitats

Service Look-Up and Consumption Today - Web - Pull 1- Invoke Portal FADA 6- Retrieve proxy 3- Point to SM in Servent 5- Search for proxy type DBE Portal Service SM Consumer 4- Create context DD Local context 7- Pop GUI LSP Local ServENT 2a- Browse Semantic Registry Query Tool Semantic Registry 2b- Issue service request 2c- Pick service from ranked list Recommender Service 8- Consume service S D L DIS 9- Store usage data 10- Migrate service, Clustering Existing Service DIS Remote ServENT DBE Service LSP A D A P T E R

Service Look-Up and Consumption Today - DBE Studio - Pull 1a- Browse Semantic Registry 1b- Issue service request 1c- Pick service from ranked list 1d- Browse Local Service Pool Query Tool Habitat Query Tool Local context Recommender Service Semantic Registry 2- Point to SM in Servent Consumer DBE Studio Existing Service FADA 5- Retrieve proxy 4- Search for proxy type SM 3- Create context DD 6- Pop GUI 7- Consume service DIS 8- Store usage data 9- Migrate service, Clustering S D L DIS DBE Service LSP A D A P T E R LSP Local ServENT Remote ServENT

Service Request and Evolution (not realised) - Push 1a- Browse Semantic Registry 1b- Issue service request 1c- Pick service from ranked list 7- Browse Local Service Pool 11- Retrieve proxy 8- Point to SM in Servent 10- Search for proxy type FADA SBVR Query Tool SM Habitat Query Tool 12- Consume service 13- Store usage data 9- Create context DD Local ServENT 6- Store solution LSP Local context DBE Studio 2- Population object Fitness Function 3- Request feeds Fitness Function 5- Evolve population 4- Seed Habitat Service DIS Semantic Registry 14- Migrate service, Clustering

OPAALS Partner Composition Social Science Computer Science Natural Science UK LSE UCE UNIS UNIVDUN Italy T6 CN Austria SUAS Germany UNIK Spain Ireland Finland India Brazil Rwanda UL IITK IPTI KIST TI WIT TUT 2 6 5 1 1

OPAALS Timeline Phase I Phase II Phase III June 06 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Discovering each other Building the collaboration tools Building the Open Knowledge Space Researcher exchange WP10 Scaling the community Internal communications and project website Dissemination and online publications WP9 Research threads WP1-8

OPAALS Workpackages WP1 (LSE) Automata Theory & Autopoiesis WP10 (LSE) Sustainable Community Building WP2 (STU) Automatic Code Generation from Models WP3 (UniS) Autopoietic P2P Networks WP4 (WIT) Distributed Accountability Identity and Trust WP6 (Kassel) Socio-Economic Constructivism & Language WP8 (Limerick) Open Source & Open Knowledge WP5 (Techideas) Integration with Digital Ecosystems Infrastructure WP7 (Create-Net) Community Networks & Digital Ecosystems WP9 (T6) Communication & Dissemination WP0 (LSE) Management & Coordination Natural Science Computer science Social Science

Areas of Impact of Project Outcomes WP9-Communication and dissemination WP10-Community building & Open Knowledge Space Regional development policies Socioeconomic constructivism WP7 Business Value systems WP8 WP4 Models Networks WP6 WP3 WP5 Language Autopoiesis Software Engineering WP2 WP1 Evolutionary Framework Cell and evolutionary biology SourceForge

Associative Autopoietic Based on association Conducive to association Dependent on association Enabling association Autopoietic Capable of generating itself with the ability to reproduce itself recursively Capable of generating itself with the ability to reproduce itself Self-generating Self-producing Self-organising Recursive, reflexive, Capable of generating itself self-reinforcing community building process Socio-economic systems DEs Software? 2.5-A-NC-SA

Social Science Translating the processes of knowledge generation and exchange into improvements in economic performance and employment is a complex social process Ed Steinmueller (2004) 2.5-A-NC-SA

2.5-A-NC-SA Methodology Analysis Bibliography Postulate systems and processes Develop policy recommendations Empirical research Analytic Synthetic Reflexive

A Mechanical Engineer s View of Social Science But we are trying to develop a SUSTAINABLE process of socio-economic development catalysed by ICTs We can t ignore conflict Hence we can t help aiming for a view informed by the sociology of regulation 2.5-A-NC-SA Adapted from Hollis (1994) and Burrell & Morgan (1979)

3D Map of Social Science 2.5-A-NC-SA Adapted from Hollis (1994) and Burrell & Morgan (1979)

2.5-A-NC-SA Spaces of Debate Holism, Collectivism, Structure, Top-down Naturalist philosophy: Explanation Realist, objectivist tradition Systems (Marx, Durkheim) Macroeconomics Social systems as autopoietic systems of communications (Maturana, Luhmann, Flores) Meaning of action: Understanding Hermeneutic, subjectivist tradition (Wittgenstein Weber) Intersubjectivity Structuration theory (Giddens) Critical Theory of Technology (Feenberg) Games & Rules Recursive rule formation through agency Emergence Digital Ecosystems Actor Network Theory Communities of practice (Latour, Lave, Wenger) Individualism, Action, Bottom-up Game theory Microeconomics Empiricism, Positivism, Classical & Neoclassical economics Social networks of SMEs (Granovetter) Social roles Agents (JS Mill, A Smith, M Friedman) (Elster) Actors Adapted from Hollis (1994)

Third Concertation Meeting of the FP6 cluster on Technologies for Digital Ecosystems Social Science and Language(s) SSL in Digital Ecosystems: The Name of the Game Dr Frauke Zeller University of Kassel

Third Concertation Meeting of the FP6 cluster on Technologies for Digital Ecosystems Social Science and Language(s) The name of the game/pun SSL = Social Science and Language(s) SSL = Secure Socket Layer } secure/reliable communication across a network

Third Concertation Meeting of the FP6 cluster on Technologies for Digital Ecosystems Social Science and Language(s) Software Engineering as a Social Process The social processes underpinning and influencing software development: E.g. Open Source Communities, Communities of Practice, Organisation Science and Management Studies ->Intra-organisational point of view: Which stakeholders are involved in software development? Not 'only' software engineers, but also business analysts, managers, etc. -> External organisational point of view: Which stakeholders are involved in software development? Software development communities (= harvesting external expertise, experience, and knowledge), clients (software users, other businesses)

Third Concertation Meeting of the FP6 cluster on Technologies for Digital Ecosystems Social Science and Language(s) Software Engineering as a Social Process Practical approach: (a) Social science regarding community building and organisation science -> Leverages: Knowledge transfer, production, and management (a) Linguistics regarding the connection between natural and formal languages -> Leverages: Software and service development by integrating all stakeholders and their requirements into the design process and improving Human-Computer Interaction

Third Concertation Meeting of the FP6 cluster on Technologies for Digital Ecosystems Social Science and Language(s) Language as important focus within DE research, because: DE integrates multiple domain-specific languages of multiple stakeholders. There is the need to 'translate' all these languages into the software engineering process. However, 'translation' is not a strictly formalised process of concepts but highly context-dependent (e.g. the slow development of machine translation where after decades of funding and research only highly restricted domain applications work acceptably and where there are still huge accuracy differences between the word and sentence level). 'Translation' = Understand domain specific languages, decode domain specific content and concepts, translate these concepts into the DE framework.

Third Concertation Meeting of the FP6 cluster on Technologies for Digital Ecosystems Social Science and Language(s) Connectivity: Language as a tool for construction Computational linguistics as integrative framework -> Computational Semiotics: Deals with computable sign systems. It builds upon semiotics (study of signs [letters, words, sounds, etc.] and meaning) and therefore provides approaches to integrate the contextual dimension. - Context-aware software services as competitive edge for SMEs.

Third Concertation Meeting of the FP6 cluster on Technologies for Digital Ecosystems Social Science and Language(s) Connectivity: Language as a tool for construction Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques provide an interface between natural and formal language systems -> NLP captures the requirements of the different stakeholders -> Ontology development -> Towards un-restricted formal language systems, i.e. leveraging current offers like SBVR. SBVR claims to use linguistic analyses with linguistics being outside the scope of SBVR = it uses a very simplistic and restricted notion of "meaning processing" -> Formalised strategies of the 'Translation' process

Third Concertation Meeting of the FP6 cluster on Technologies for Digital Ecosystems Social Science and Language(s) Connectivity: Language as a tool for construction Natural language production and trans-disciplinary integration: -> To Improve collaboration and trans-disciplinary communication within Digital Ecosystems by using existing communication patterns (discourse studies, pragmatics) and processes (discourse organisation) to leverage cooperation between different stakeholders

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