Introduc)on to GNSS Integrity & Space- Based Augmenta)on Systems for GNSS Technologies Advances in a Mul)- constella)on Framework Sogei S.p.A., Roma by Per Enge April 22 & 23, 2013
History of GPS Service Birth date Service Technology & applica5ons 1970 Availability Satellites & receivers 1980 Accuracy Differen)al GPS (DGPS) for survey 1990 Integrity Augmented GPS for avia)on safety 2000 Instant & Indoors 2010 Security Assisted GPS (AGPS) and terrestrial naviga)on for cell phones Jamming Spoofing 2
4/22/13 copyright Per Enge, 2013 Remove SA Turn Off SA FOC IOC Number of satellites Availability of GPS 3
Accuracy from Differen)al GPS 4
Integrity Augmenta)ons for Avia)on Safety 5
Instant & Indoors from an Assistance Server Assistance Data 6
Outline Integrity Ground- based augmenta)on system Space- based augmenta)on system Descrip)on Measured performance Dual frequency future Summary 7
Outline Integrity Ground- based augmenta)on system Space- based augmenta)on system Descrip)on Measured performance Dual frequency future Summary 8
GPS Faults & Rare Normals Normal GPS GPS on April 10, 2007 GPS faults occur approximately three )mes a year On April 10, 2007, satellite maneuver without warning Rare normals due to space weather Ionospheric storms can cause similar errors 9
GPS Faults Occur Three Times a Year Rare Normals Due to Space Weather 1. Time of Transmission 4. Time of Arrival 2. Correct Satellite Loca)on 3. Speed of Radio Wave 10
Anomaly Hours Per Year (from L. Heng)
GPS Timeline for Avia)on Systems That Provide Fault Protec)on Number of satellites IOC FOC Turn Off SA Remove SA RAIM for supplemental naviga)on down to non- precision approach WAAS approved for primary naviga)on down to precision approach LAAS (SLS- 4000) receives system design approval (SDA) 12
Constella)on Strength Challenge Number of satellites IOC FOC Turn Off SA Remove SA 13
RAIM Uses and Extra Satellite to Detect Faults Thus, RAIM requires Constella)on Strength RAIM requires 28 satellites for lateral naviga)on Number of satellites DoD guarantees 21 satellites In 2009, GAO expresses concern about GPS constella)on strength. 14
Outline Integrity Ground- based augmenta)on system Space- based augmenta)on system Descrip)on Measured performance Dual frequency future Summary 15
Local Area Augmenta)on System Ground Based Augmenta)on System 16
GBAS for Newark GBAS footprint Thumbtacks show ILS elements that support precision approach to runways 22L, 22R, 04L, 04R & 11. Compared to ILS, GBAS footprint is small One GBAS for all runway ends GBAS totally on airport property GBAS approaches are programmable Smaller cri)cal & sensi)ve areas No beam bends No snow or )dal effects 17
Outline Integrity Ground- based augmenta)on system Space- based augmenta)on system Descrip)on Measured performance Dual frequency future Summary 18
Current Coverage of Space- Based Augmenta)on Systems 19
Wide Area Augmenta)on System (WAAS) Opera)onal Since July 2003 20
Wide Area Augmenta)on System (WAAS) Opera)onal Since July 2003 21
Wide Area Augmenta)on System (WAAS) Opera)onal Since July 2003 22
WAAS Provides Constella)on Strength RAIM requires 28 satellites for lateral naviga)on Number of satellites DoD guarantees 21 satellites and WAAS requires 22 to 23 SVs WAAS GEOs are roughly equivalent to 6 satellites WAAS reduces our sensi)vity to the number of GPS satellites. but we s)ll care. 23
Airports with WAAS LPV No GPS Equipment Required at Airport 50 Pieces of WAAS Equipment Serve the Con)nent As of September 20th, 2012-3,371 LP/LPVs combined - 2,989 LPVs serving 1,502 Airports - 717 LPV- 200 s - 1,936 LPVs to Non- ILS Runways - 1,053 LPVs to ILS runways - 1,285 LPVs to Non- ILS Airports - 382 LPs serving 277 Airports - 378 LPs to Non- ILS Runway - 4 LPs to ILS Runways 24
WAAS Avionics Status Garmin: 75,833+ LPV receivers AVIDYNE & Bendix- King: 140 units sold to date Universal Avionics: 2,400+ WAAS receivers Rockwell Collins: Approximately 2,700 WAAS/SBAS CMC Electronics: Achieved Technical Standards Orders Authoriza)on (TSOA) cer)fica)on on their 5024 and 3024 WAAS Sensors Honeywell: Primus Epic and Primus 2000 25
Outline Integrity Ground- based augmenta)on system Space- based augmenta)on system Descrip)on Measured performance Dual frequency future Summary 26
Historical WAAS Performance GPS Standard GPS Actual WAAS LPV-200 Standard WAAS LPV-200 Actual Horizontal 95% 36 m 2.74 m 16 m 1.08 m Vertical 95% 77 m *3.89 m 4 m 1.26 m * Use of GPS ver7cal not authorized for avia7on without augmenta7on (SBAS or GBAS) 27
WAAS Coverage: 2003 to 2008 to 2012 28
Space Based Augmenta)on Systems WAAS on April 10, 2007 GPS on April 10, 2007 Exclude rogue satellites within seconds Protects avia)on from millions of faults Enables use of GPS for avia)on by any ICAO na)on Hedge against GPS constella)on shorlalls Important technology for NextGen 29
Outline Integrity Ground- based augmenta)on system Space- based augmenta)on system Descrip)on Measured performance Dual frequency future Summary 30
Current Coverage (WAAS, EGNOS & MSAS) 31
Dual Frequency Coverage (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS) 32
Dual Frequency Coverage (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, GAGAN + SDCM) 33
Dual Frequency Coverage with Expanded Networks (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, GAGAN + SDCM) 34
Summary: SBAS is a Cornerstone Technology for NextGen Positioning & Fault Detection GBAS detect 10 m in 2 seconds vertical & horizontal (23 sats) WAAS detect 35 m in 6 seconds vertical & horizontal (22 sats) RAIM detect 200 m in 2 seconds (28 sats) Navigation Surveillance En Route Terminal & LNAV RNP LPV LPV-200 Cat I & Cat II/III 5 nm 3 nm Dependent parallel approaches Independent parallel approaches Independent parallel approaches 35
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