PHRASEOLOGY GENERAL This document is intended for simulation use only on the IVAO network! Do not use for real life or in other networks. In this document we will teach you the most common general phraseology used in aviation by an ATC. This document only covers the general phraseology which is used throughout all ATC stations. We have a set documents which correspond with every ATC station Delivery Phraseology Delivery Ground Phraseology Ground Tower Phraseology Tower Departure/Arrival Phraseology DEP/APP Control Phraseology Control INFO Phraseology INFO We suggest you follow the list from top to bottom in order to help you advance in your Virtual Air Traffic Control Career. LETTERS AND NUMBERS G E N E R A L R E MA R K S To avoid confusion over the frequency it was agreed to use phonetic spelling. Minimizing the risk of mixing letters or numbers. Using the phonetic spelling should be used within the aircraft call sign, for headings, speed, altitude, VOR indications, abbreviations (e.g. BUN, 250 ) Names, companies, fixes are not mandatory to be spoken by phonetics if correct reception is not affected. (e.g. Boeing, SOPOK ) L E T T E R S Letter Word Pronunciation A Alpha AL FAH B Bravo BRAH VOH C Charlie CHAR LEE or SHAR LEE D Delta DELL TAH E Echo ECK OH F Foxtrot FOKS TROT G Golf GOLF H Hotel HO TELL I India IN DEE AH J Juliett JEW LEE ETT K Kilo KEY LOH Author: Stas Jessy IVAO BeLux Region pg. 1
Letter Word Pronunciation L Lima LEE MAH M Mike MIKE N November NO VEM BER O Oscar OSS CAH P Papa PAH PAH Q Quebec KEH BECK R Romeo ROW ME OH S Sierra SEE AIR RAH T Tango TANG GO U Uniform YOU NEE FORM or OO NEE FORM V Victor VIK TAH W Whiskey WISS KEY X X-ray ECKS RAY Y Yankee YANG KEY Z Zulu ZOO LOO N U MB E R S Numeral or numeral element Pronunciation 0 ZE-RO 1 WUN 2 TOO 3 TREE 4 FOW-er 5 FIFE 6 SIX 7 SEV-en 8 AIT 9 NIN-er Decimal DAY-SEE-MAL Hundred HUN-dred Thousand TOU-SAND E X A MP L E S Aircraft call signs Transmitted as BEL128 JAF45T Beeline one three eight Beauty four five Tango Author: Stas Jessy IVAO BeLux Region pg. 2
Headings 100 degrees Heading one zero zero 080 degrees Heading zero eight zero Wind direction and speed 200 degrees 70 knots Wind two zero zero degrees seven zero knots 160 degrees 18 knots gusting 30 knots Wind one six zero degrees one eight knots gusting three zero knots Transponder codes Transmitted as 2400 Squawk two four zero zero 4203 Squawk four two zero three Runway 27 Runway two seven 30 Runway three zero Altimeter setting 1010 QNH one zero one zero 1000 QNH one zero zero zero Altitude 800 Eight hundred 3400 Three thousand four hundred 12000 One two thousand Visibility 1000 Visibility one thousand 700 Visibility seven hundred Frequency 131.000 One three one decimal zero 131.025 One three one decimal zero two five 131.050 One three one decimal zero five zero Author: Stas Jessy IVAO BeLux Region pg. 3
131.075 One three one decimal zero seven five 131.100 One three one decimal one Time 0920 TOO ZE-RO or ZE-RO NIN-er TOO ZE-RO 1643 FOW-er TREE or WUN SIX FOW-er TREE When transmitting time, only the minutes of the hour should normally be required. The hour should be included when any possibility of confusion is likely. Author: Stas Jessy IVAO BeLux Region pg. 4
STANDARD WORDS AND PHRASES The following words and phrases shall be used in radio transmission as appropriate. Word/Phrase Meaning ACKNOWLEDGE AFFIRM APPROVED BREAK BREAK BREAK CANCEL CHECK CLEARED CONFIRM CONTACT CORRECT CORRECTION DISREGARD GO AHEAD HOW DO YOU READ I SAY AGAIN MAINTAIN MONITOR NEGATIVE OUT OVER READ BACK RECLEARED REPORT REQUEST ROGER Let me know that you have received and understood this message Yes Permission for proposed action granted I hereby indicate the separation between portions of the message I hereby indicate the separation between messages transmitted to different aircraft in a very busy environment Annul the previously transmitted clearance Examine a system or procedure Authorised to proceed under the conditions specified I request verification of: Establish communications with True An error has been made in this transmission. The correct version is Ignore Proceed with your message What is the readability of my transmission? I repeat for clarity or emphasis Continue in accordance with the condition(s) specified or in its literal sense, e.g. maintain present heading Listen out on (frequency) No or permission not granted or that is not correct or not capable This exchange of transmissions is ended and no response is excepted My transmission is ended and I expect a response from you Repeat all, or the specified part, of this message back to me exactly as received A change has been made to your last clearance and the new clearance replaces your previous clearance or part of that clearance Pass me the following information I should like to know or I wish to obtain I received all of your last transmissions Under no circumstances to be used in reply to a question requiring READ BACK SAY AGAIN SPEAK SLOWER STANDBY Repeat all or the following part of your last transmission Reduce your rate of speech Wait and I will call you Author: Stas Jessy IVAO BeLux Region pg. 5
UNABLE WILCO I cannot comply with your request, instruction or clearance I understand your message and will comply with it Abbreviation for will comply WORDS TWICE a) As a request: communication is difficult. Please send every word or group of words twice b) As information: Since communication is difficult, every word or group of words in this message will be sent twice An air traffic control (ATC) route clearance is not an instruction to take off or enter an active runway. The words "TAKE OFF" are used only when an aircraft is cleared for take-off, or when cancelling a take-off clearance. At other times, the word "DEPARTURE" or "AIRBORNE" is used. AIRCRAFT CALL SIGNS There are three (3) types of aircraft call signs Type Example a) The registration OO-BRU or Cessna OO-BRU b) Telephony designator of the company, followed by the last 4 BEELINE OSFX characters of the registration c) Telephony designator of the company, followed by the flight BEELINE 456 identification If satisfactory communication has been established, and no confusion is likely to occur, call signs may be abbreviated as follows Type Example 1. First and at least the last two (2) characters of the aircraft O-RU or Cessna registration O-RU 2. Telephony designator of the company, followed by at least the BEELINE FX last 2 characters of the aircraft registration 3. No abbreviated form possible BEELINE 456 Author: Stas Jessy IVAO BeLux Region pg. 6
COMMUNICATIONS When establishing communications, aircraft should use the full call sign of both the aircraft and the ATC station ATC Pilot Brussels Tower, OO-BRU OO-BRU, Brussels Tower. A L L S T A T I O N S If a ground station or aircraft wishes to broadcast information, the all stations call shall be used All stations, OO-BRU, joining right hand circuit runway 29 at Kiewit All stations, new QNH 1012 W HEN IN D O U B T If there is any doubt that a message has been correctly received, request a repeat of the message. Phrase Meaning SAY AGAIN SAY AGAIN (item) SAY AGAIN ALL BEFORE (the first word received correctly) SAY AGAIN ALL AFTER (the last word received correctly) SAY AGAIN ALL BETWEEN AND Repeat entire message Repeat a specific item Repeat specific part of message Repeat specific part of message Repeat specific part of message If an aircraft calls an ATC station but the ATC station is uncertain about the identity of the calling station, the ATC station should request a repeat of the call sign Brussels Tower, 123 Station calling Brussels Tower, say again your call sign. Brussels Tower, Beeline 123 Author: Stas Jessy IVAO BeLux Region pg. 7
E R R O R When an error is made in a transmission, the word CORRECTION shall be used. The last correct group or phrase shall be repeated and then the correct version will be transmitted. Beauty 147 ARVOL FL 190 Correction ARVOL FL 180 Beauty 147, roger. If the correction requires repeating the entire message, the phrase CORRECTION I SAY AGAIN shall be used before transmitting the message a second time. If reception is considered to be difficult, import elements of the message should be transmitted twice. Brussels, OO-BRU Atomium 1500 feet, I say again 1500ft, engine losing power, engine losing power. TRANSFER OF COMMUNICATIONS The ATC station will advise an aircraft to change from one radio frequency to another, in accordance with agreed procedures. Thomas Cook 963, Contact Brussels Approach 118.250 118.250 Thomas Cook 963 Thomas Cook 963, when airborne, contact Brussels Approach 118.250 When airborne, 118.250 Thomas Cook 963 ATC may instruct and aircraft to stand by on a frequency when it is intended the next controller will initiate communications himself soon. ATC may also instruct an aircraft to monitor a frequency on which information is broadcasted. Beeline 753, stand by 118.6 for Tower 118.6 Beeline 753 Beeline 753, monitor UNICOM 122.8 Monitoring 122.8 Beeline 753 Author: Stas Jessy IVAO BeLux Region pg. 8
TEST PROCEDURES T R A N S MI S S I O N A Test transmission should be as follows: Identification of the station being called; Aircraft identification; The words RADIO CHECK; Frequency being used. R E P L Y A reply to a test transmission should be: Identification of the station calling Identification of the replying station Information regarding the readability R E A D A B I L I T Y C L A S S E S The readability should be expressed according the following scale: 1. Unreadable 2. Readable now and then 3. Readable but with difficulty 4. Readable 5. Perfectly readable E X A MP L E S Brussels Delivery, Beeline159 Radio check on 121.950 Station calling Brussels Delivery, you are unreadable Or Beeline 159, Delivery, reading you three, loud background whistle Or Beeline 159, Delivery, reading you five. Author: Stas Jessy IVAO BeLux Region pg. 9
NAVIGATION INSTRUCTIONS H E A D I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S In order to let an aircraft change its heading or maintain a heading after passing over a navigational point, the following transmission should be used: Turn left heading Turn right heading Maintain present heading Maintain heading L E V E L I N S T R U C T IO N S In order to make an aircraft change or maintain its altitude, use the following transmissions: Climb to [flight level / feet] Descent to [flight level / feet] Maintain [flight level / feet] There is a difference between descent/climb to xxxxft and descent xxxxft. Descent xxxxft will require to pilot descent xxxxft and not to xxxxft. Example: At 5000ft: descent to 2000ft -> pilot will descent to 2000ft At 5000ft: descent 2000ft -> pilot will descent to 3000ft. For communication only: If the FL is below FL100, we just say FL60 and not 060. This is to avoid the pilot would mistake himself by flying HDG 060. E X A MP L E S Beeline 753, turn left heading 270. Turn left heading 270, Beeline 753 Beeline 753, climb to FL 70 Climbing to FL 70, Beeline 753 Beeline 753, maintain present heading Maintain present heading, Beeline 753 Beeline 753, maintain FL 110 Maintain FL 110, Beeline 753 Author: Stas Jessy IVAO BeLux Region pg. 10
If you want an aircraft to make an immediate action use the word IMMEDIATELY Beeline 753, turn left heading 270 immediately. Turn left heading 270, Beeline 753 Beeline 753, climb to FL 70 immediately Climbing to FL 70, Beeline 753 ATC can always ask a pilot to change heading or altitude after passing a given point. Or he can request to pilot to adjust his descent/climb as to cross a specific point at a specific altitude. Beeline 753, after passing FLO, turn left heading 300 and descent to 4000 feet, QNH 1025. After passing FLO turn left heading 300 and descent to 4000 feet, QNH 1025, Beeline 753 Beeline 753, descent to reach FL 180 at BATTY Descending to reach FL 180 at Batty, Beeline 753 Once an instruction has been given, a further overriding instruction may be given. Beeline 753, continue left turn heading 280. Turn left heading 280, Beeline 753 Beeline 753, continue descent to 3000 feet. Descending to 3000 feet, Beeline 753 Beeline 753, Stop climb at FL 170. Stop climb at FL 170, Beeline 753 Beeline 753, recleared FL330 Recleared FL330, Beeline 753 Author: Stas Jessy IVAO BeLux Region pg. 11
Occasionally, for traffic reasons, a higher than normal rate-of-climb or descent may be required Beeline 753, expedite descent to FL 60. Expediting descent to FL 60, Beeline 753 Beeline 753, climb to FL 250, expedite until passing FL 200 Climbing to FL 250, expediting until passing FL 200, Beeline 753 Always keep in mind that an aircraft may not be able to expedite. They will report as follows: Beeline 753, unable to expedite. Author: Stas Jessy IVAO BeLux Region pg. 12