An Accurate and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network Matthew C. Valenti West Virginia University Morgantown, WV May 9, 2014 An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 1 / 20
Outline 1 Introduction 2 Spatial Model 3 Network Model 4 Performance Analysis 5 Conclusion An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 2 / 20
Outline Introduction 1 Introduction 2 Spatial Model 3 Network Model 4 Performance Analysis 5 Conclusion An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 3 / 20
Introduction Multicast-Broadcast Single-Frequency Network (MBSFN) MBSFN is a transmission mode in the LTE standard. MBSFN allows multimedia content to be broadcast over a cellular network (no additional license spectrum, no new infrastructure and end-user devises). Different MBSFN Areas can broadcast different contents. A cell can be part of multiple (up to eight) MBSFN Areas. M BS MBSFN Area (A) A Cell Can Belong to Multiple MBSFN Areas MBSFN Area (B) F N S er v I c e A re a Same data All Synchronized Same data All Synchronized An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 4 / 20
MBSFN Subframes Introduction In an MBSFN area, it is also required the use of the same radio resources. The coordination is provided by a logical node called Multi-cell/multicast Coordination Entity (MCE). Inside a radio frame, certain sub-frames are reserved as MBSFN subframes. The MBSFN subframes use the extended cyclic prefix (16.7µs). Radio frame -> 10ms Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4 Subframe #5 Subframe #6 Subframe #7 Subframe #8 Subframe #9 First slot Second slot Control Region MBSFN region using extended cyclic prefix OFDM symbol An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 5 / 20
Outline Spatial Model 1 Introduction 2 Spatial Model 3 Network Model 4 Performance Analysis 5 Conclusion An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 6 / 20
Spatial Model MBSFN Areas: Deployment In absence of real data, a MBSFN network can be created as follows: 1 Deploy M base stations according to a uniform clustering model characterized by an exclusion zone of radius r bs ( ) [15]; Pick Z points {Z 1,..., Z S} according to a regular hexagonal grid, which are equally separated by d sfn ( ); Form MBSFN areas by grouping the radio cells of all base stations that are closer to each of the points {Z 1,..., Z S}. 5 4 3 2 distance in km 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 distance in km [15] D. Torrieri, M. C. Valenti, and S. Talarico, An analysis of the DS-CDMA cellular uplink for arbitrary and constrained topologies, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 61, pp. 3318-3326, Aug. 2013. An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 7 / 20
Spatial Model MBSFN Areas: Deployment In absence of real data, a MBSFN network can be created as follows: 1 Deploy M base stations according to a uniform clustering model characterized by an exclusion zone of radius r bs ( ) [15]; 2 Pick Z points {Z 1,..., Z S} according to a regular hexagonal grid, which are equally separated by d sfn ( ); Form MBSFN areas by grouping the radio cells of all base stations that are closer to each of the points {Z 1,..., Z S}. 5 4 3 2 distance in km 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 distance in km [15] D. Torrieri, M. C. Valenti, and S. Talarico, An analysis of the DS-CDMA cellular uplink for arbitrary and constrained topologies, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 61, pp. 3318-3326, Aug. 2013. An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 7 / 20
Spatial Model MBSFN Areas: Deployment In absence of real data, a MBSFN network can be created as follows: 1 Deploy M base stations according to a uniform clustering model characterized by an exclusion zone of radius r bs ( ) [15]; 2 Pick Z points {Z 1,..., Z S} according to a regular hexagonal grid, which are equally separated by d sfn ( ); 3 Form MBSFN areas by grouping the radio cells of all base stations that are closer to each of the points {Z 1,..., Z S}. 5 4 3 2 distance in km 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 distance in km [15] D. Torrieri, M. C. Valenti, and S. Talarico, An analysis of the DS-CDMA cellular uplink for arbitrary and constrained topologies, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 61, pp. 3318-3326, Aug. 2013. An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 7 / 20
Outline Network Model 1 Introduction 2 Spatial Model 3 Network Model 4 Performance Analysis 5 Conclusion An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 8 / 20
Network Model Network Model The Network comprises: S MFSFN areas {Z 1,..., Z S} which are equally separated by d sfn ; M cellular base stations {X 1,..., X M }. Finite network area discretized into N points, {Y 1..., Y N }. The instantaneous power of X i received at position Y j is ρ i,j = P 0g i,j10 ξ i,j /10 f ( X i Y j ) (1) where P 0 is the transmit power; g i,j is the power gain due to Nakagami fading; f( ) is a path-loss function: ( ) α d f (d) = α is the path loss exponent; d d 0; ξ i,j is a shadowing factor and ξ i,j N ( 0, σs) 2 with Gudmundson s autocorrelation function { R ( x) = exp x } ln 2 (2) d corr with the decorrelation length d corr = 20 m as suggested by the 30.03 UMTS standard. d 0 An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 9 / 20
Network Model Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) In a MBSFN OFDMA network, given a MBSFN area Z k there are two sources of ISI: Inter-MBSFN area interference: all the base stations outside Z k ; Intra-MBSFN area interference: a transmission results in ISI if X i Y j > c 5 km T ECP where c = 3 10 8 m/s, which is the speed of light; T ECP = 16.7µs, which is the extended cyclic prefix. OFDM symbol n-1 OFDM symbol n OFDM symbol n+1 OFDM symbol n-1 OFDM symbol n OFDM symbol n+1 ICI FFT window T ECP Time An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 10 / 20
Network Model Signal-To-Interference-And-Noise Ratio (SINR) Let G j,z denote the set of the indexes of the base stations that belong to the z th MBSFN area and serving location Y j, and let N j = G j,z denote the cardinality of G j,z. The signal from base station X i, i G Zj to the UE at location Y j is included in the maximal-ratio combining (MRC) combined signal passed to the demodulator and the instantaneous SINR at location Y j by using (1) and (2) can be expressed as where γ j = Γ 1 + i G j,zj g i,jω i,j i / G j,zj g i,jω i,j Γ = d α 0 N jp 0/N is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a mobile located at unit distance when fading and shadowing are absent, where N is the noise power; Ω i,j = 10ξ i,j /10 X i Y j α N j is the normalized power of X i at receiver Y j. (3) An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 11 / 20
Network Model Conditional Outage Probability An outage occurs when the SINR is below a threshold β. β depends on the choice of modulation and coding. The outage probability for the mobile Y j conditioned over the network is ɛ j = P [ γ j β j Ω j ]. (4) The conditional outage probability is found in closed form [5] for non-identical Nakagami-m parameters {m i,j}: characterize the fading from the base station X k to the mobile Y j ; selected based on a distance-depending fading model: 3 if X i Y j r f /2 m i,j = 2 if r f /2 < X i Y j r f (5) 1 if X i Y j > r f where r f is the line-of-sight radius. [5] S. Talarico, M. C. Valenti, and D. Torrieri, Analysis of multi-cell downlink cooperation with a constrained spatial model, Proc. IEEE Global Telecommun. Conf (GLOBECOM), Atlanta, GA, Dec. 2013. An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 12 / 20
Outline Performance Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Spatial Model 3 Network Model 4 Performance Analysis 5 Conclusion An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 13 / 20
Performance Analysis Area Below An Outage Threshold (ABOT) The area below an outage threshold (ABOT) is defined as the fraction of the network realization t that provides an outage probability (averaged over the fading) that meets a threshold ˆɛ following A (t) bot = P [ɛ j < ˆɛ]. (6) 5 4 3 2 distance in km 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 distance in km Figure: Close-up of an example network topology. The white areas are the portion of the network for which the outage probability is above a typical value of ˆɛ = 0.1. An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 14 / 20
Performance Analysis Area Below An Outage Threshold (ABOT) The area below an outage threshold (ABOT) is defined as the fraction of the network realization t that provides an outage probability (averaged over the fading) that meets a threshold ˆɛ following A (t) bot = P [ɛ j < ˆɛ]. (6) After computing A (t) bot for Υ network topologies, its spatial average can be computed as Ā bot = 1 Υ Υ t=1 A (t) bot. (7) Let R = C(β j) represent the relationship between the code rate R (in bit per channel used [bpcu]) and SINR threshold β j. For modern cellular systems, it is reasonable to use: C(β j) = log 2 (1 + β j) An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 14 / 20
ABOT vs Rate Performance Analysis Area below an outage threshold (ABOT) 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 1 bs/km 2, unshadowed 1 bs/km 2, σ=8 db 0.5 bs/km 2, unshadowed 0.5 bs/km 2, σ=8 db 0.1 0.1 bs/km 2, unshadowed 0.1 bs/km 2, σ=8 db 0 10 2 10 1 10 0 10 1 Code rate [bpcu] Figure: ABOT as function of the rate for both a shadowed (σ s = 8 db) and unshadowed environment. Settings: Square arena of side d net = 20 km; SNR: Γ = 10 db; Path loss exponent: α = 3.5; Distance among MBSFN areas: d sfn = 6 km; Line-of-sight radius: r f = 0.5 km; Exclusion zone: r bs = 0.5 km; Outage constraint: ˆɛ = 0.1. An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 15 / 20
Performance Analysis ABOT vs Minimum Separation Among Base Stations Area below an outage threshold (ABOT) 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 0.7 0.65 Unshadowed, distance dependent fading σ=8 db, distance dependent fading Unshadowed, Rayleigh fading σ=8 db, Rayleigh fading 0.6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Minimum separation among base stations [km] Figure: ABOT as a function of the minimum separation among base stations, for both Rayleigh fading and a distance-depending fading when r bs = r f. Settings: Square arena of side d net = 20 km; SNR: Γ = 10 db; Path loss exponent: α = 3.5; Distance among MBSFN areas: d sfn = 6 km; Code Rate: R = 0.1; Density of base station: λ = 0.1 #bs/km 2 Outage constraint: ˆɛ = 0.1. An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 16 / 20
Performance Analysis ABOT vs Outage Constraint Area below an outage threshold (ABOT) 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Unshadowed, d sfn = 3 Unshadowed, d sfn = 6 Unshadowed, d sfn = 9 σ=8 db, d sfn = 3 σ=8 db, d sfn = 6 σ=8 db, d sfn = 9 0 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 0 Outage constraint Figure: ABOT as a function of the outage threshold ˆɛ for both a shadowed (σ s = 8 db) and unshadowed environment. Settings: Square arena of side d net = 20 km; SNR: Γ = 10 db; Path loss exponent: α = 3.5; Code Rate: R = 0.5; Density of base station: λ = 0.5 #bs/km 2 Line-of-sight radius: r f = 0.5 km; Exclusion zone: r bs = 0.5 km; An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 17 / 20
Outline Conclusion 1 Introduction 2 Spatial Model 3 Network Model 4 Performance Analysis 5 Conclusion An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 18 / 20
Conclusion Conclusions A new approach for modeling and analyzing the performance of multicast-broadcast single-frequency network (MBSFN) has been presented. The analysis is driven by a new outage probability closed form expression, which is exact for a given network realization and accounts for path loss, correlated shadowing, and Nakagami-m fading with non-identical parameters. Despite other works that characterize the performance of a MBSFN network, the topology of the network is determined by a constrained random spatial model. The results show: An increase in the size of an MBSFN areas leads to an improvement in performance until the inter-mbsfn area ISI begins to degrade performance; As expected, densification or an increase in the minimum separation among base stations improve performance. An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 19 / 20
Conclusion Thank You An Accurate (shortinst) and Efficient Analysis of a MBSFN Network May 9, 2014 20 / 20