Elisabeth Rakus-Andersson, Ronald R. Yager, Nikhil Ichalkaranje, and Lakhmi C. Jain (Eds.) Recent Advances in Decision Making

Elisabeth Rakus-Andersson, Ronald R. Yager, Nikhil Ichalkaranje, and Lakhmi C. Jain (Eds.) Recent Advances in Decision Making

Studies in Computational Intelligence, Volume 222 Editor-in-Chief Prof. Janusz Kacprzyk Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences ul. Newelska 6 01-447 Warsaw Poland E-mail: kacprzyk@ibspan.waw.pl Further volumes of this series can be found on our homepage: springer.com Vol. 201. Aboul-Ella Hassanien, Ajith Abraham, Athanasios V.Vasilakos, and Witold Pedrycz (Eds.) Foundations of Computational Intelligence Volume 1, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01081-1 Vol. 202. Aboul-Ella Hassanien, Ajith Abraham, and Francisco Herrera (Eds.) Foundations of Computational Intelligence Volume 2, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01532-8 Vol. 203. Ajith Abraham, Aboul-Ella Hassanien, Patrick Siarry, and Andries Engelbrecht (Eds.) Foundations of Computational Intelligence Volume 3, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01084-2 Vol. 204. Ajith Abraham, Aboul-Ella Hassanien, and André Ponce de Leon F. de Carvalho (Eds.) Foundations of Computational Intelligence Volume 4, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01087-3 Vol. 205. Ajith Abraham, Aboul-Ella Hassanien, and Václav Snášel (Eds.) Foundations of Computational Intelligence Volume 5, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01535-9 Vol. 206. Ajith Abraham, Aboul-Ella Hassanien, André Ponce de Leon F. de Carvalho, andváclav Snášel (Eds.) Foundations of Computational Intelligence Volume 6, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01090-3 Vol. 207. Santo Fortunato, Giuseppe Mangioni, Ronaldo Menezes, and Vincenzo Nicosia (Eds.) Complex Networks, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01205-1 Vol. 208. Roger Lee, Gongzu Hu, and Huaikou Miao (Eds.) Computer and Information Science 2009, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01208-2 Vol. 209. Roger Lee and Naohiro Ishii (Eds.) Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01202-0 Vol. 210. Andrew Lewis, Sanaz Mostaghim, and Marcus Randall (Eds.) Biologically-Inspired Optimisation Methods, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01261-7 Vol. 211. Godfrey C. Onwubolu (Ed.) Hybrid Self-Organizing Modeling Systems, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01529-8 Vol. 212.Viktor M. Kureychik, Sergey P. Malyukov, Vladimir V. Kureychik, and Alexander S. Malyoukov Genetic Algorithms for Applied CAD Problems, 2009 ISBN 978-3-540-85280-3 Vol. 213. Stefano Cagnoni (Ed.) Evolutionary Image Analysis and Signal Processing, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01635-6 Vol. 214. Been-Chian Chien and Tzung-Pei Hong (Eds.) Opportunities and Challenges for Next-Generation Applied Intelligence, 2009 ISBN 978-3-540-92813-3 Vol. 215. Habib M. Ammari Opportunities and Challenges of Connected k-covered Wireless Sensor Networks, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01876-3 Vol. 216. Matthew Taylor Transfer in Reinforcement Learning Domains, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01881-7 Vol. 217. Horia-Nicolai Teodorescu, Junzo Watada, and Lakhmi C. Jain (Eds.) Intelligent Systems and Technologies, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01884-8 Vol. 218. Maria do Carmo Nicoletti and Lakhmi C. Jain (Eds.) Computational Intelligence Techniques for Bioprocess Modelling, Supervision and Control, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01887-9 Vol. 219. Maja Hadzic, Elizabeth Chang, Pornpit Wongthongtham, and Tharam Dillon Ontology-Based Multi-Agent Systems, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01903-6 Vol. 220. Bettina Berendt, Dunja Mladenic, Marco de de Gemmis, Giovanni Semeraro, Myra Spiliopoulou, Gerd Stumme,Vojtech Svatek, and Filip Zelezny (Eds.) Knowledge Discovery Enhanced with Semantic and Social Information, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-01890-9 Vol. 221. Tassilo Pellegrini, Sören Auer, Klaus Tochtermann, and Sebastian Schaffert (Eds.) Networked Knowledge - Networked Media, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-02183-1 Vol. 222. Elisabeth Rakus-Andersson, Ronald R.Yager, Nikhil Ichalkaranje, and Lakhmi C. Jain (Eds.) Recent Advances in Decision Making, 2009 ISBN 978-3-642-02186-2

Elisabeth Rakus-Andersson, Ronald R.Yager, Nikhil Ichalkaranje, and Lakhmi C. Jain (Eds.) Recent Advances in Decision Making 123

Prof. Elisabeth Rakus-Andersson Blekinge Institute of Technology School of Engineering Department of Mathematics and Science S-37179 Karlskrona Sweden E-mail: era@bth.se Ronald R. Yager Iona College Machine Intelligence Institute 715 N.Avenue New Rochelle NY 10801-1890 USA E-mail: yager@panix.com Dr. Nikhil Ichalkaranje School of Electrical and Information Engineering University of South Australia South Australia SA 5095 Australia Prof.LakhmiC.Jain School of Electrical and Information Engineering University of South Australia Adelaide Mawson Lakes Campus South Australia SA 5095 Australia E-mail: Lakhmi.jain@unisa.edu.au ISBN 978-3-642-02186-2 e-isbn 978-3-642-02187-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-02187-9 Studies in Computational Intelligence ISSN 1860949X Library of Congress Control Number: Applied for c 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typeset & Cover Design: Scientific Publishing Services Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India. Printed in acid-free paper 987654321 springer.com

Preface It is not only the vast amount of data but knowledge extraction and processing play an important role in the design of the decision support systems. Sensible decision support systems are required in virtually every field including business, healthcare, defence and so on [1]. The design of decision support systems is also dependent on factors such as changing sets of circumstances, uncertainty, incomplete set of data. Intelligent paradigms such as knowledge-based systems, artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computing paradigms, intelligent agents have contributed immensely in the decision making process. Knowledge-based systems [2] can mimic the performance of a human expert in a limited sense by transferring his/her knowledge to the computer in a specific domain. Artificial neural networks are modeled after the human brain for fusing human like intelligence in machines. Fuzzy systems are designed to incorporate human like reasoning capability in machines. Evolutionary systems use principles inspired by natural population genetics and are applied in many problems including optimization. Intelligent agents can aid and automate complex problem solving in many areas and help in effective decisions [3]. The combination of intelligent systems and decision support systems provides new powerful tools for decision makers [4][5]. The book is a collection of selected contributions from some of the world class researchers in the field of intelligent tools and decision making. This sample is to demonstrate that the intelligent tools can enhance the decision making process. We sincerely thank the contributors and reviewers for their excellent contribution. We acknowledge the excellent support of Springer-Verlag and SCI Data Processing Team. Elisabeth Rakus-Andersson, Sweden Ronald R. Yager, USA Nikhil Ichalkaraje, Australia Lakhmi C. Jain, Australia

VI Preface References [1] Tonfoni, G., Jain, L.C.: Innovations in Decision Support Systems, Advanced Knowledge International (2003) [2] Jain, L.C., Jain, R.K.: Hybrid Intelligent Engineering systems. World Scientific, Singapore (1997) [3] Phillips-Wren, G.E., Jain, L.C.: Intelligent Decision Support Systems in Agent Mediated- Environments. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2005) [4] Phillips-Wren, G.E., Ichalkaranje, N., Jain, L.C.: Intelligent Decision Making: An AI- Based Approach. Springer, Heidelberg (2008) [5] Teodorescu, H.-N., Kandel, A., Jain, L.C.: Fuzzy and Neuro-fuzzy Systems in Medicine. CRC Press, USA (1999)

Editors Professor Dr Elisabeth Rakus-Andersson is employed at Blekinge Institute of Technology in Karlskrona, Sweden. In her research she focuses on imprecise mathematical theories like fuzzy set theory or rough set theory. As she has a background in mathematics, she develops own models mathematically formalized and she even adapts patterns already existing to generate new applications in medicine and technical environments. Ronald R. Yager is Director of the Machine Intelligence Institute and Professor of Information Systems at Iona College. He is editor and chief of the International Journal of Intelligent Systems. He has worked in the area of machine intelligence and decision

VIII Editors making under uncertainty for over twenty-five years. He has published over 500 papers and fifteen books. He is among the world s top 1% most highly cited researchers with over 7000 citations. He was the recipient of the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society Pioneer award in Fuzzy Systems. Dr. Yager is a fellow of the IEEE, the New York Academy of Sciences and the Fuzzy Systems Association. He was given a lifetime achievement award by the Polish Academy of Sciences. He served at the National Science Foundation as program director in the Information Sciences program. He was a NASA/Stanford visiting fellow and a research associate at the University of California, Berkeley. He has been a lecturer at NATO Advanced Study Institutes. He has been a distinguished honorary professor at the Aalborg University Esbjerg Denmark. He is an affiliated distinguished researcher at the European Centre for Soft Computing. He serves on the editorial board of numerous technology journals. Nikhil Shripal Ichalkaranje is Senior Technology Advisor in the Australian Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy. He is also an adjunct Senior Research Fellow at the University of South Australia. His research interests include artificial intelligence, computer communications/networking and robotics. Nikhil holds a Masters Degree in Computer Network Systems from Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne and a PhD in Computer Systems Engineering from the University of South Australia Adelaide. Nikhil has co-edited 5 books along with several publications in the area of artificial intelligence and their applications.

Editors IX Professor L.C. Jain is a Director/Founder of the Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Systems (KES) Centre, located in the University of South Australia. His interests focus on the applications of novel techniques such as knowledgebased systems, virtual intelligent systems, defence systems, intelligence-based medical systems, e-education and intelligent agents.

Table of Contents 1 Advances in Decision Making... 1 Lakhmi C. Jain and Chee Peng Lim 2 Amount of Information and Its Reliability in the Ranking of Atanassov s Intuitionistic Fuzzy Alternatives... 7 Eulalia Szmidt and Janusz Kacprzyk 3 Fuzzy Rule Base Model Identification by Bacterial Memetic Algorithms... 21 János Botzheim, László Gál, and László T. Kóczy 4 Discovering Associations with Uncertainty from Large Databases... 45 Guoqing Chen, Peng Yan, and Qiang Wei 5 Dempster-Shafer Structures, Monotonic Set Measures and Decision Making... 67 Ronald R. Yager 6 The Development of Interpretable Decision-Making Models: A Study in Information Granularity and Semantically Grounded Logic Operators... 89 Witold Pedrycz 7 A General Methodology for Managerial Decision Making Using Intelligent Techniques... 103 Vilém Novák, Irina Perfilieva, and Nadezhda G. Jarushkina 8 Supporting Decision Making via Verbalization of Data Analysis Results Using Linguistic Data Summaries... 121 Janusz Kacprzyk and S lawomir Zadrożny 9 Computational Intelligence in Medical Decisions Making... 145 Elizabeth Rakus-Andersson and Lakhmi C. Jain Appendix... 161 Author Index... 179