Navigation in Immersive Virtual Reality The Effects of Steering and Jumping Techniques on Spatial Updating Master s Thesis Tim Weißker 11 th May 2017 Prof. Dr. Bernd Fröhlich Junior-Prof. Dr. Florian Echtler
2 Immersive Virtual Reality
3 Immersive Virtual Reality
4 Immersive Virtual Reality
Steering 5 Spell Fighter VR (Kubold Games)
Teleportation 6 Spell Fighter VR (Kubold Games)
vista space beyond vista space 7
Jumping 8 The Lab (Valve)
9 vista space beyond vista space
10 Spatial Awareness
Types of Spatial Knowledge 11 LRS-Model (Siegel and White 1975)
Spatial Updating process that automatically keeps track of where relevant surrounding objects are while we locomote (Riecke 2003) 12 Map data OpenStreetMap, CC BY-SA
Spatial Updating process that automatically keeps track of where relevant surrounding objects are while we locomote (Riecke 2003) 13 Map data OpenStreetMap, CC BY-SA
Spatial Updating process that automatically keeps track of where relevant surrounding objects are while we locomote (Riecke 2003) 14 Map data OpenStreetMap, CC BY-SA
15 Types of Spatial Knowledge
16 Types of Spatial Knowledge
17 User Study Design
18 Route Layouts
19 Route Layouts
20 Route Layouts
21 Route Layouts
22 Route Layouts
23 Route Layouts
24 Route Layouts
25 Manifestation Task
Trial Procedure Steering
Trial Procedure Jumping
Study Procedure manifestation error travel time first/second point-to-start error first/second point-to-goal error 28 SSQ (Kennedy et al. 1993)
29 User Study Results
Participants university students and employees 24 participants between 19 and 38 years (mean: 25.5 years) 17 males 7 females 30
Travel Times Outlier Extreme value significantly different with large effect size 31
Pointing Accuracies Outlier Extreme value 32
Pointing Accuracies Outlier Extreme value baseline measurements 33
Pointing Accuracies Outlier Extreme value acquisition of survey knowledge 34
Pointing Accuracies Outlier Extreme value learning by repetition 35
Pointing Accuracies Outlier Extreme value travel technique differences 36
Per-Participant Differences JumpingError SteeringError -40-20 0 +20 +40 more accurate when jumping more accurate when steering 37
Per-Participant Differences JumpingError SteeringError more accurate when jumping -40-20 0 +20 +40 more accurate when steering 38 first point-to-start error
Per-Participant Differences JumpingError SteeringError mean standard deviation standard deviation -40-20 0 +20 +40 more accurate when jumping more accurate when steering 39 first point-to-start error
Per-Participant Differences JumpingError SteeringError mean standard deviation standard deviation -40-20 0 +20 +40 more accurate when jumping more accurate when steering -1 0 +1 40 first point-to-start error
Per-Participant Differences JumpingError SteeringError more accurate when jumping more accurate when steering 41
Simulator Sickness people felt better when jumping people felt better when steering 42
Summary Simulator Sickness Travel Times Pointing Accuracies 43
Summary Simulator Sickness Travel Times Pointing Accuracies Jumping is a viable travel technique for many users but not for everybody! 44
45 Future Work
46
Thank you for your attention! Navigation in Immersive Virtual Reality The Effects of Steering and Jumping Techniques on Spatial Updating Master s Thesis Tim Weißker 47
Bibliography Bowman, Doug; Koller, David; Hodges, Larry. 1997. Travel in Immersive Virtual Environments : An Evaluation of Viewpoint Motion Control Techniques. Proceedings of the 1997 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium. Fujita, Naofumi; Klatzky, Roberta; Loomis, Jack; Golledge, Reginald. 1993. The Encoding-Error Model of Pathway Completion without Vision. Geographical Analysis 25(4): 295 314. Kennedy, Robert; Lane, Norman; Berbaum, Kevin; Lilienthal, Michael. 1993. An Enhanced Method for Quantifying Simulator Sickness. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 3(3): 203 20. Kolasinski, Eugenia. 1992. Simulator Sickness in Virtual Reality. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92(4): 2458. Kunert, André; Kulik, Alexander; Beck, Stephan; Froehlich, Bernd. 2014. Photoportals: Shared References in Space and Time. Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing - CSCW 14: 1388 99. Lackner, James. 2014. Motion Sickness: More than Nausea and Vomiting. Experimental Brain Research 232(8): 2493 2510. Riecke, Bernhard. 2003. How Far Can We Get with Just Visual Information? Path Integration and Spatial Updating Studies in Virtual Reality. Dissertation Abstracts International 8: 10243. Siegel, Alexander; White, Sheldon. 1975. The Development of Spatial Representatins of Large-Scale Environments. and many more in the written thesis 48
49 Appendix
50 Steering-Teleportation-Continuum
The Encoding-Error Model 51 (Fujita et al. 1993)
Distractor Task 42? 42! 52
Per-Participant Differences JumpingError SteeringError more accurate when jumping more accurate when steering more accurate when jumping more accurate when steering 53
Per-Participant Differences JumpingTime SteeringTime faster response when jumping faster response when steering faster response when jumping faster response when steering 54
Preferences steering jumping steering jumping 55