Recapitulation
Transistor Digital Circuits The transistor Operating principle and regions Utilization of the transistor Transfer characteristics, symbols Controlled switch model BJT digital circuits MOSFET digital circuits Logic inverter: using controlled switch, CMOS Logic function NAND, NOR, AND Noise margins Switching BJT Logic functions in RTL technology: NOT, NAND, NOR TTL technology, noise margins Analog switch (transmission gate) - optional
Amplifiers with transistors 1/2 DC biasing setting the OP Operating point Biasing circuits, OP determination MOSFET Biasing circuits, OP determination Small-signal operation Small-signal model, small-signal parameters Basic amplifiers (CS, CG, CD) Small-signal equivalent circuit o gain, input and output resistances o waveforms
Amplifiers with transistors 2/2 BJT Biasing circuits, OP determination Small-signal operation Small-signal model, small-signal parameters Basic amplifiers (CE, CB, CC) Small-signal equivalent circuit o gain, input and output resistances o waveforms Modified CE Performances of the basic amplifiers with 1 T
Frequency response of transistor amplifiers The effect of coupling capacitors and parasitic capacitances low - frequency range medium - frequency range high - frequency range Frequency response: band-pass type
Current sources and current mirrors MOSFET current sources MOSFET current mirror BJT current sources BJT current mirror Current Sources Using Op Amp and T Current determination Maintaining T in its active region
General aspects Specific requirements Power transfer, efficiency Amplifier classes Power amplifiers Class B and class AB Class A Operation. VTC Powers. Efficiency Waveforms Operation. VTC Powers. Efficiency Waveforms Elimination of the crossover distortion class AB: solution, operation Short-circuit protection, compound transistors for high current gain
Feedback circuits General structure of the feedback circuit Signals Transmittances Feedback types: NF, PF Fundamental equation of the NF NF configurations Amplifiers with NF Ideal feedback, voltage - voltage topology expressions for A, R ir, R or Effects of the negative feedback on the amplifiers o the nonlinear distortion is reduced o the bandwidth is widening o the input and output impedances are improved
DC Voltage Regulators 1/3 General aspects Definition Block diagram Regulator types Parametric voltage regulator Circuit Sizing BJT voltage regulator Circuit Expression of V O
DC Voltage Regulators 2/3 Op-amp voltage regulator V O = V REF : circuit, V O V O > V REF : circuit, V O ; V O fixed / adjustble V O < V REF : circuit, V O ; V O fixed / reglabil V O adjustable, V O min < V REF, V O max > V REF Increasing the output current (external T) Overcurrent and short-circuit protection The output characteristic Maximum values of electrical quantities for T Selecting the series pass transistor
DC Voltage Regulators 3/3 Integrated voltage regulators The 723 voltage regulator o block diagram, utilization Three-terminal fixed voltage regulator (78xx, 79xx) o utilization Three-terminal adjustable voltage regulators (317) o utilization Switched mode power supply Block diagram dc dc convertors: circuit, V O o step-down o step-up o step-down/step-up Integrated circuits for switching regulators
General aspects Block diagram Oscillation criterion (Barkhausen) Module condition and phase condition Op amp and WIEN bridge oscillator Sinusoidal oscillators 1/2 Wien bridge o circuit o frequency response o frequency and module of transfer function to fulfill the oscillation criterion Basic amplifier with op amp and NF o circuit o gain AGC o using diodes o using FET
Sinusoidal oscillators 2/2 Op amp and RC ladder network oscillator Low-pass RC ladder with 3 cells LC oscillators LC parallel resonant circuit resonance frequency Three points oscillator o Colpitts o Hartley Quartz-crystal oscillator
Non-sinusoidal signal generators 1/2 General aspects Multivibrator circuits Astable multivibrators operating principle Astable multivibrator rectangular signal generator Circuit Switching thresholds Waveforms Signal period (or frequency) Frequency adjustment
Non-sinusoidal signal generators 2/2 Astable multivibrator with an integrator and a comparator Circuit Switching thresholds Waveforms Signal period (or frequency) Frequency adjustment Specialized integrated circuits LM555 Timer Circuit structure and operation Astable multivibrator circuit Monostable multivibrator circuit Clock generators Using quartz-crystal Using NOT gates
Class D power amplifier Amplifying stage operating principle Block Diagram. Operation Principle PWM generator Power stage Frequency spectrum of the PWM signal Low pass filter Example Specialized integrated circuits