MNA Mobile Radio Networks Mobile Network Architectures Roberto Verdone roberto.verdone@unibo.it +39 051 20 93817 Office Hours: Monday 4 6 pm (upon prior agreement via email) Slides are provided as supporting tool, they are not a textbook! A.Y. 2018-19 Credits: 6
Outline 1. Steps From GSM to 4G 2. Cellular Networks 3. Network Architectures: Evolution From GSM to 4G 4. Mobility Management 5. Network Architectures: Evolution Towards 5G This lecture block will provide the basic concepts related to mobile radio network architectures and the way they manage mobility of users.
1. Steps From GSM to 4G
Steps From GSM to 4G today years 2G 3G 4G 5G 90 00 10 20 GSM UMTS LTE 5G GPRS HSPA LTE-Adv... 5G+ EDGE HSPA+ LTE-Pro
Steps From GSM to 4G today years 2G 3G 4G 5G 90 00 10 20 GSM UMTS LTE 5G GPRS HSPA LTE-Adv... 5G+ EDGE HSPA+ LTE-Pro Dawn of Digital Era of Mobile Communications Advent of Radio Packet Switched Networks Evolved Packet Core Things
Steps From GSM to 4G today years 2G 3G 4G 5G 90 00 10 20 GSM UMTS LTE 5G GPRS HSPA LTE-Adv... 5G+ EDGE HSPA+ LTE-Pro U (theoretical) 500 Kbit/s 50 Mbit/s 4 Gbit/s > 100 Gbit/s x 100 x 100 x 100 Latency 300 ms 100 ms 10 ms 1 ms
Steps From GSM to 4G GSM Ph2 Ph2+ GPRS EDGE ETSI Release GSM 96 97 98 Release year 1990 1995 1997 1997 1998 2G
Steps From GSM to 4G UMTS HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+ 3GPP 99 5 6 7 Release Release year 1999 2002 2004 2006 3G
Steps From GSM to 4G 3GPP 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Release Launchable LTE Bucket List Items Improvement (Regulatory, etc.) Carrier Aggregation, CoMP, LIPA, M2M, etc Improved Performance Carrier Aggr. Improvement IMS, roaming, P2P, etc. WiFi, Small Cell Impr. Signaling opt. SON, MDT, adv. Receiver MIMO Improv. D2D, ProSe 3D/FD-MIMO Indoor Pos. Latency Reduction NB-IoT Mission Critical Enhancem. CV2X Inter-band CA Release year 2008 2009 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 3G 4G
Steps From GSM to 4G: GSM Modulation GMSK Access Numerology FDD F-TDMA: 8 slots/frame; 4.6 ms frame duration Frequency bands Ch. Bandwidth Bit Rate 900 MHz, 1800 MHz 200 KHz 271 Kbit/s
Steps From GSM to 4G: 2.5G (Rel. 98) Modulation Access GMSK 8-PSK 32-QAM Numerology FDD F-TDMA: 8 slots/frame; 4.6 ms frame duration Frequency bands Ch. Bandwidth 900 MHz, 1800 MHz 200 KHz (GSM) (EDGE) (Evolved EDGE) Bit Rate 271 Kbit/s (GSM) 384 Kbit/s (Evolved EDGE)
Steps From GSM to 4G: UMTS (Rel. 99) Modulation DS-QPSK Access Numerology FDD F-CDMA: 10 slots/frame; 10 ms frame duration Frequency bands Ch. Bandwidth Bit Rate 2000 MHz 5 MHz up to 2 Mbit/s
Steps From GSM to 4G: 3G (Rel. 7) Modulation Access Numerology DS-QPSK DS-64-QAM DS-64-QAM FDD F-CDMA: 10 slots/frame; 10 ms frame duration Frequency bands Ch. Bandwidth 2000 MHz 5 MHz (UMTS) (HSPA+) (Advanced HSPA+) Bit Rate up to 2 Mbit/s (UMTS) 168 Mbit/s (Advanced HSPA+)
Steps From GSM to 4G: LTE (Rel. 8) Modulation OFDM with 16-QAM Access Numerology FDD OF-TDMA: 20 mini-slots/frame; 10 ms frame duration Frequency bands 800 MHz, 2.5 GHz Ch. Bandwidth 5xn MHz n = 1,..., 4 Bit Rate 300 Mbit/s
Steps From GSM to 4G: 4G (Rel. 14) Modulation Access Numerology OFDM with 16-QAM OFDM with 64-QAM OFDM with 256-QAM (LTE) (LTE-Advanced) (LTE-Pro) FDD OF-TDMA: 20 mini-slots/frame; 10 ms frame duration Frequency bands 800 MHz, 2.5 GHz Ch. Bandwidth 5xn MHz n = 1,..., 20 Bit Rate 300 Mbit/s (LTE) 3 Gbit/s (LTE-Pro)
Steps From GSM to 4G: 3GPP Range [m] 3GPP WAN MAN 10 km 1 km GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS HSPA LTE LTE Pro 5G LAN PAN BAN 100 m 10 m 1 m IEEE/IETF 802.15.4, 4e 802.11a,b,g,n, ac, 802.15.4a UWB 1 kbit/s 1 Mbit/s 1 Gbit/s Bit rate [Kbit/s]
Inquiry Based Session When proprietary solutions are attractive instead of standards? How do you think a standardisation body (like e.g. 3GPP) works?
2. Cellular Networks
Area Coverage Networks / Cellular Networks Service Area One base per cell with omnidirect. antenna system Handover
Area Coverage Networks / Cellular Networks 2G: FDD DL UL 3G: FDD 4G: FDD/TDD Downlink and Uplink
Area Coverage Networks / Cellular Networks FDD Intra-cell interference is absent if orthogonal RUs are used
Area Coverage Networks / Cellular Networks FDD UL/UL or DL/DL Intra-cell interference with non-orthogonal RUs
Area Coverage Networks / Cellular Networks FDD UL/UL and DL/DL Inter-cell interference if reuse is implemented
Area Coverage Networks / Cellular Networks TDD DL UL UL/DL Inter-cell interference if transmissions are not synchronised
Area Coverage Networks / Cellular Networks FDD Small cells interference
Area Coverage Networks / Cellular Networks Device-to-Device (D2D)
Area Coverage Networks / Cellular Networks Service Area One site (3 bases) every 3 cells with tri-sectorial antenna system
Inquiry Based Session Why tri-sectorial antenna systems are better? What are the pros and cons of having smaller cells?
3. Network Architectures: Evolution From GSM to 4G
Network Architecture: 2G (GSM) Radio Access Network Um BSC Other MSCs MS BTS Abis A MSC D PSTN HLR, VLR, AuIC, OMC, SMSC RAN BSC Core Network MS BTS
Network Architecture: 2.5G (Rel. 97) Radio Access Network Um BSC Other MSCs MS BTS Abis A MSC D PSTN HLR, VLR, AuIC, OMC, SMSC GERAN MS BTS BSC Gb GSN Gs, Gr, Gi Core Network IP BSC Other GSNs
User / Control Plane (Rel. 97) User Plane Um Abis Gb Gn Gi MS BTS BSC SGSN GGSN IP Control Plane BSS GSN
Protocol Architecture (Rel. 97) Um Abis MS BTS BSC Gb Gn Gi SGSN GGSN IP User Plane APP TRAN. IP TRAN. IP SNDCP LLC SNDCP LLC L2 RLC MAC L1 RLC MAC L1 BSS
Protocol Architecture (Rel. 97) Um Abis MS BTS BSC Gb Gn Gi SGSN GGSN IP Control Plane CM CM L3 MM RRC RRC RRC MM L2 LAPDm LAPDm L1 L1 BSS
Network Architecture: UMTS (Rel. 99) Radio Access Network MS BTS BSC PSTN UTRAN MS UE Uu BTS NodeB Iub BSC RNC Core Network UE NodeB RNC Iur Iu IP Other RNCs
Network Architecture: LTE (Rel. 8) Radio Access Network PSTN eutran UE UE enodeb enodeb S1-MME S1-U X2 MME SAE GW Evolved Core Network IP
User / Control Plane (Rel. 8) User Plane UE enodeb SAE GW IP MME Control Plane
4. Mobility Management
Mobility Management (Macro Level): HLR, VLR Area 1 UE enodeb enodeb MSC PSTN HLR VLR Core Network Area 2 UE enodeb GSN IP enodeb
Mobility Management (Micro Level): Location Areas UE LA1 LA2
5. Network Architectures: Evolution Towards 5G
Network Architecture: 5G RRHs UE enodeb BBU PSTN UE enodeb eutran UE enodeb Evolved Core Network UE enodeb IP
MNA Mobile Radio Networks Mobile Network Architectures Roberto Verdone