5G Massive MIMO and mmw Design and Test Solution Jan. 2017 Philip Chang Senior Project Manager 1
Agenda Communications Page 2 Overview of 5G Technologies 5G Key Radio Technologies mmwave Massive MIMO Keysight s 5G Test Solution
What will 5G Do? 5G Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Compared to 3G/4G embb 1000X Capacity mmtc 100X Data Rates Peak data rate > 10 Gbps Mini data rate > 50 Mbps High user mobility Access in dense area Ultra-high reliability Ultra-low latency 5G 4G 3G All requirements cannot be met by any single radio access technology (RAT) 100X Densification Peak data rate > 10 Gbps Minimum data rate > 50 Mbps High user mobility Broadband access in dense area 100X Energy Efficiency 1mS Latency urllc Reliability 99.999% Source for Spider Diagram: ITU: 5D/TEMP/390-E Communications Page 3
5G Timing: Drivers Industry rallying around these cardinal dates 2015 Milestones Sept: 3GPP 5G Workshop Nov: ITU WRC 15 Dec: 3GPP RAN Plenary You Are Here 2017 Milestone Q4: Verizon to Launch 28Ghz Fixed Wireless 2018 Milestones Feb: Winter Olympics South Korea Summer: FIFA World Cup, Russia, 2020 Milestone July/Aug: Summer Olympics Japan Summer (Likely): 1 st 5G Commercial 2019 Milestone Nov (Likely): ITU-WRC 19 2022 Milestone Summer (Earliest): 2 nd 5G Commercial 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 R13 R14 R15 Some claim 5G commercialization here 3GPP Phase 1 3GPP Phase 2 Rel. 14 Rel. 15 Rel. 16 Rel. 17 & beyond Mid/Late 2020: commercialization focused below 6GHz (standard must be complete before end 2018). 2022 or later for mmwave commercialization (technology, spectrum) 2018 and 2020 Olympics will showcase 5G. 3GPP: commercialization Phase 1 (2020) and Phase 2 (2022+) Study Items: New Radio NR ; mmwave Channel Model; Scenarios & Requirements 4G LTE-A and IoT (CatM, NB-IoT) Continue (these are not 5G). Major operators actively planning/doing trials; none committing to pre-standards commercialization of 5G (exception Verizon) Communications Page 4
Agenda Communications Page 5 Overview of 5G Technologies 5G Key Radio Technologies mmwave Massive MIMO Keysight s 5G Test Solution
mmwave Technology for 5G Benefit Broad bandwidth available at low/no cost Massive MIMO/Beamforming High directivity Compact integrated mmwave SoC A natural fit for the 2 tier network Challenges Unknown mmwave channel Body effect Device modeling and design flow mmwave calibration for Massive MIMO /Beamforming mmwave IC technologies High path loss due to antenna aperture size and atmospheric absorption mmwave geometry allows for very small, high gain antennas Picture source: Samsung[8], Ref[1] Communications Page 6
Potential New Frequency Bands for 3GPP NR Enhanced Mobile Broadband Below 6GHz Frequency Bandwidth Spectrum Availability Europe US Japan Korea China 3.3-3.4GHz 100MHz 3.4-3.6GHz 200MHz Innovation Band Likely requires sharing. 3.6-3.8GHz 200MHz Not available above 3.7GHz For 4G Combined into 3.4-3.8GHz 3.8-4.2MHz 400MHz 4.4-4.99GHz 500MHz 4.4-4.9GHz 4.4-4.5, 4.8-4.99GHz only 5.15-5.35GHz* 200MHz Indoor only Indoor only Indoor only in 5.10-5.25GHz Indoor only 5.47-5.85GHz* 380MHz Not available above 5.725GHz Not available above 5.725GHz Not available above 5.725GHz Communications Page 7
mmwave: 5G Frequency bands >6GHz Frequency Europe FCC (2016/6) ITU (2015/10) SI Japan Korea 28GHz (25-27GHz) 24.25-27.5 27.5-28.35 24.25-27.5GHz 27.5-28.5 27.5-28.5 BW 425MHzX2 32GHz 37GHz 37.0-38.6 37-40.5GHz BW 400MHzX4 39GHz 38.6-40.0 BW 200MHzX7 40.5-43.5GHz UK at least FFS 42.5-43.5GHz 45.5-48.9GHz UK at least 45.5-47GHz 47.2-50.2GHz 50.4-52.6GHz 57-66GHz 59.3-71GHz 64-71GHz 66-71GHz (extend ISM 66-76GHz unlicensed) 71-76GHz UK at least 81-86GHz Examples of Public Activity (Updated Summer 2016) FCC Announced rules on mmwave proposals 14 July 2016 Ericsson will provide 28GHz system for SKT (Korea) and 15GHz system for CMCC AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile filed for experimental licenses (3.5, 3.7, 15, 28, 37, 39GHz) Most large players demonstrating high-rate capabilities from 15-90GHz Most Likely Uses of Spectrum as of Sept 2016 Significant investment in EMBB Mobile, Multiple Access <40GHz due to cost and simplicity. 28GHz: Korea, Japan, and USA 37-39 GHz USA and perhaps more likely for Europe 24-27GHz : Europe 45GHz: Focus for 802.11aj in China 57-86GHz Bands more likely for high-speed point-to-point and extensions of ISM-based WiFi Communications Page 8
5G / 802.11ad OTA Challenges: Integrated Transceivers and Antennas Integrated Transmitter / Receiver / antenna designs no connectorized access to DUT Transmit/Receive elements traditional <6 GHz cabled test methodologies can t be used Key Driver for mm-wave OTA Customers looking for new measurement methods Qualcomm/Wilocity Wil6200 http://news.panasonic.com/global/press/da ta/2013/02/en130220-2/en130220-2.html Communications Page 9
Massive MIMO Processing Principles Description: Number of BS antennas >> number of UE s Motivation: Higher reliability, higher throughput, lower TX power The Graphics Overly simplified! Benefits Multiplexing gain K and array power gain M Power efficiency Fast fading and thermal noise averaged out Channel tends to static (no fast fading effect) simplify scheduling, simple MAC, no retransmission latency M-KN degrees of freedom for network architecture design Challenges Need favorable channel characteristics (remove IUI) Need phase coherency, CSI and channel reciprocity Hardware impairments. Uplink and down link RF reciprocity calibration Pilot contamination problem (limited pilot resoruce) Reference [4-6] Communications Page 10
Antenna Patterns vs. Number of Elements Communications Page 11
RF vs Digital vs Hybrid Beamforming Complexit y RF Beamforming Digital Beamforming Hybrid Beamforming Low High (computation intensive) Medium Flexibility Low High (very high resolution phase shifting and amplitude tapering possible) Beam variation Challenge High (due to dependence on analog components) High component count and limited flexibility Low (all control elements in digital domain) High computation complexity High (combined positives of RF and Digital beamforming) Medium to Low (variations due to analog components can be partially compensated by digital domain correction) Calibration to combine both beamforming states for optimal performance Communications Page 12
Massive MIMO Free Space 200 Ant,1λ, total power relative to reference: -12.6 db UE1 UE2 Keysight Saved in transmit power, but will the total power, including processing be less? Keysight UE3 UE4 Keysight Keysight Communications Page 13
Capacity & Energy Efficiency -1 Flashlight Headlamp Communications Page 14
Deployment Low and High Freq Band F1 F2 Note: 1. 4G works below 6G 2. 5G works at large frequency range, etc. below 6G, 28G 35G and 60G 3. 5G could have broad band, SNR of each tone declines with same power HetNet: 4G macro and 5G macro are used for wide-area coverage. Pico and Femto of 4G/5G are used in hotspot. Coverage: the coverage of 5G is similar to that of 4G Coexistence: Inter-site and intra-site deployment of 5G and 4G can be adopted. Communications Page 15
Facebook Terragraph and Areis Projects Announced in April, 2016 Terragraph: 60 GHz Point to Point Phase Array Antenna Areis: Sub 6 GHz 96 Antenna Serving up to 24 users Communications Page 16
Observations of Massive MIMO Pre-coding algorithms Zero forcing function simply uses the pseudo inverse of the channel response measured from the uplink pilots This method optimizes interference, but does not necessarily provide the maximum signal level to the terminal No CSI calculation required by the user terminal. All calculations are performed in the base station Significant research on going in this area to find optimal low computational and high performance pre-coding scheme Combine with other interference reduction techniques Communications Page 17
Testing Massive MIMO What Needs to Be Measured or Calibrated? Base station calibration Transceiver Reciprocity: Magnitude and Phase Variations over a wide range of transmit and receive power levels System Performance Current evaluation systems use BER as figure of merit for performance - It tells you how well it is working, but not why Measure of SIR could be desirable Communications Page 18
Agenda Communications Page 19 Overview of 5G Technologies 5G Key Radio Technologies mmwave Massive MIMO Keysight s 5G Test Solution
Keysight Test Solutions for 5G Research RF/µW/mmWave Wideband Signal Generation & Analysis Testbed Reference Solution Sub-6 GHz MIMO Phase Coherent Multichannel Reference Solution Massive MIMO Tx/Rx Up to 104 channels RF/µW/mmWave, Wideband, MIMO Channel Sounding Reference Solution SystemVue Simulation Software with 5G Library Signal Studio Software with Custom 5G 89600 VSA Software with Custom OFDM/Demod S800 Keysight 5G Reference Solutions Page 20
Real Time Beamforming Measurement System High Level System Block Diagram SystemVue Waveform Generation Digitizer Control & Dynamic Plotting SystemVue IQ Data Files Beam Weights Demodulated Symbols 8 channels at 1800 MHz Communications Page 21
Real Time Beamforming Measurement System Detailed System Block Diagram M9703A SystemVue M8195A Control Load and Modulate Waveforms Synchronize AWG Modules Play Single Waveform or Sequence Apply timing offsets using FIR Filter M e m o r y M8195A DAC DAC DAC DAC FIR FIR FIR FIR ADC ADC ADC ADC DDC DDC Frame Sync Frame Sync FPGA To FPGA Beam Tracking Demod FPGA0 FPGA1 SystemVue M e m o r y M8197A DAC DAC DAC DAC FIR FIR FIR FIR M8195A ADC ADC ADC ADC DDC DDC Frame Sync Frame Sync FPGA To FPGA FPGA To FPGA FPGA2 FPGA3 Communications Page 22
Multi-Channel Extension Reference Solution (12-bit Resolution High-Speed Digitizer) High-Performance, Scalable System <1 degree phase coherence across all input channels 16 channels 104 channels 40 channels 5G Wireless The Next Generation of Mobile Communications Page 23
Questions? Communications Page 24 Thank you!