Intro to UNP 06/22/12 Integrity Service Excellence David Voss, PhD Program Manager University Nanosat Program AFRL/RVEP 1
The Need for STEM Inspiration STEM: Science Technology Engineering and Math Dropout rate (age 16-24) was 8.1% in 2009 (U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2011). The Condition of Education 2011 (NCES 2011-033), Indicator 20) Percentage of public and private high school graduates taking selective courses (U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, High School and Beyond Longitudinal Study of 1980 Sophomores (HS&B-So:80/82), "High School Transcript Study"; and 1987, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2000, and 2005 High School Transcript Study (HSTS). (This table was prepared January 2007.) Algebra I: 62.8% Calculus: 13.6% Physics: 32.7% 40% of students planning to be an engineer or science major in college end up switching or fail to get a degree (http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/06/education/edlife/why-science-majors-change-their-mind-its-just-sodarn-hard.html?pagewanted=all) 2
http://lessoncast.org/2011/12/why-stem-education-matters-resources-and-statistics/ 3
The Aerospace Dilemma 26-27% of aerospace workers were eligible to retire in 2008 The average age of the production worker is 44 in the commercial sector, 53 in defense, and 51 at NASA The proportion of workers under 30 dropped from 18% in 1987 to 8% in 1999 In a study of 500 aerospace workers, 80% said they would not recommend the aerospace field Nearly all aerospace jobs require the worker to be a US citizen (Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry, 2002) 4
GAO Testimony: Space Acquisitions DOD Faces Substantial Challenges in Developing New Space Systems Underlying Reasons for Cost and Schedule Growth pg 9 further, the reduction in government oversight and involvement led to major reductions in various government capabilities, including cost-estimating and systems-engineering staff. The loss of cost-estimating and systems-engineering staff in turn led to a lack of technical data needed to develop sound cost estimates. (http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09705t.pdf) 5
GAO Testimony: Environmental Satellite Acquisitions Progress and Challenges Cost growth of major programs NPOESS: estimated $6.5 billion grew to $12.5 billion GOES-R: estimated at $6.2 billion grew to $11.4 billion Reasons for cost growth Inadequate systems engineering capabilities for overseeing contractors (pg 6) Addressed by UNP 6
Impact of Requirements Based Design 7
U.S. Space Policy (NSPD 49) Develop Space Professionals. Sustained excellence in space-related science, engineering, acquisition, and operational disciplines is vital to the future of U.S. space capabilities. Departments and agencies that conduct space related activities shall establish standard and implement activities to develop and maintain highly skilled, experienced, and motivated space professionals within their workforce. Strengthen and Maintain the U.S. Space-Related Science, Technology, and Industrial Base. A robust science, technology, and industrial base is critical for U.S. space capabilities. Departments and agencies shall: encourage new discoveries in space science and new applications of technology; and enable future space systems to achieve new and improved capabilities, including incentives for high-risk/highpayoff and transformational space capabilities. Additionally, departments and agencies shall: conduct the basic and applied research that increases capability and decreases cost; encourage an innovative commercial space sector, including the use of prize competitions; and ensure the availability of space related industrial capabilities in support of critical government functions. 8
Who We Are Competition between 10-12 universities design and build flight spacecraft Winning university selected for flight Currently in our 7 th competition cycle Sponsored by: Focus is on Design & Fabrication AFRL/RV AFOSR AIAA Manages Competition Manages winner delivery Assists in post-launch ops Sponsors competition schools Sponsors winner final development Sponsors Flight Competition Review 9
Our goal is for students to learn the tough lessons about satellite design by building one themselves 10
Educational Involvement 28 universities and ~5000 students since 1999 11 11
Program Reach impacting the community 12
Objectives Primary Objective: Education Systems engineering training Workforce development Foundation for all UNP decisions Secondary Objective: Technology Innovative, low cost technology development Motivation for Gov. and industry sponsors DoD relevant Tertiary Objective: University Development Develop space hardware laboratories Support university PI s 13
UNP Timeline 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 NS-2 Delivery 3-Corner Sat Delivery Phase NS-2 LV Integration NS-2 Launch Delta IV Heavy NANOSAT-1/-2 Kick-off NANOSAT-3 Kick-off NS-3 Downselect UT-Austin (FASTRAC) NS-3 Delivery Competition Phase Delivery Phase ESS Phase NS-3 Launch NS-4 Downselect Cornell (CUSat) NS-4 Delivery NS-4 Launch NANOSAT-4 Kick-off Competition Phase Delivery Phase ESS Phase NANOSAT-5 Kick-off Competition Phase NS-5 Downselect Colorado (DANDE) Delivery Phase NS-5 Delivery NS-5 Launch ESS Phase NANOSAT-6 Kick-off NS-6 Downselect OCULUS-ASR Competition Phase Delivery Phase NS- 6 Delivery NS-6 Launch Delivery and Launch NANOSAT-7 Kick-off Competition Phase 14 NS-7 Downselect 14
UNP Timeline 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Univ. of Hawaii St. Louis Univ. Ho oponopono Selected through NASA s ELaNa Program Competition Phase Competition Phase Delivery Phase Copper Selected through NASA s ELaNa Program Delivery Phase AFRL Delivery AFRL Delivery Launch Launch on ORS University of Michigan Competition Phase CADRE Selected through NASA s ELaNa Program Delivery Phase AFRL Delivery Launch (TBD) Armadillo Selected through AFRL University of Texas NASA s ELaNa Program Delivery - Austin Competition Phase Delivery Phase Launch (TBD) St. Louis Univ. Competition Phase ARGUS Selected through NASA s ELaNa Program Delivery Phase AFRL Delivery Launch (TBD) 15 15
UNP Competition Cycle Programmatic Element Approximate Date Kickoff January, 2011 System Concept Review February, 2011 System Requirements Review April, 2011 Student Hands On Training Workshop I June, 2011 Preliminary Design Review August, 2011 Satellite Fabrication Course October, 2011 Critical Design Review January/February, 2012 Students Hands On Training Workshop II June, 2012 Proto-Qualification Review August, 2012 Flight Competition Review January, 2013 Reviews held through telecons, site visits, and co-located reviews (i.e. SmallSat conference) Technical deliverables required at each review Reviewers drawn from UNP Program Office, sponsoring entities, industry, academia, government, and educational activists 16
Design Cycle - Mechanical 17
Design Cycle - Electrical 18
Educational Design Cycle UNP stresses that a successful program must have: A rigorous engineering program A small mistake on a spacecraft can jeopardize the entire program. A best effort does not work in space based systems The program must allow for big picture thinking while verifying the functionality of the hardware being launched Continuity between student cycles Transferring of intellectual capital from one student to the other Typically requires an involved professor, research associate, and/or an excellent documentation effort Engaged User If nobody is interested in the data from the working satellite than the launch was not worth it Users oftentimes are the one leveraging requirements so an engaged user greatly increased the educational value of the program Engaged User Continuity Between Student Cycles Rigorous Engineering Program 19
Microsats: Launched Flight Programs 3 Corner-Sat NS 1 & 2 Participants Partnership between New Mexico State, University of Arizona, and University of Colorado-Boulder Objective to determine stereoscopic imaging of clouds Launched by STP on Delta IV Heavy Demo in Dec 2004 Launch anomaly, suborbital trajectory <50 Kg, 36 tall fully stacked FASTRAC NS 3 Winner University of Texas Formation Autonomous Satellite with Thrust, Rel-nav and Crosslink Meter accuracy relative navigation Launched by STP on STP-S26 in Nov 2010 Currently in mission operations 56.5 Kg, 50 tall fully stacked 20
Microsats: Upcoming Launches CUSat NS 4 Winner Cornell University Relative Navigation and centimeter ranging capability Manifested by STP to fly on upcoming SpaceX Falcon 9 50 Kg, 19 tall full stacked DANDE NS 5 Winner University of Colorado Boulder Drag and Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment Manifested by STP to fly on upcoming SpaceX Falcon 9 43 Kg, 18.6 diameter 21
Microsats: A few years out Oculus-ASR NS 6 Winner Michigan Technological University Optical characterization for ground based assets Delivery to AFRL in Spring, 2013 70 Kg, 31.5 tall Violet NS 6 Participant Cornell University Sponsored by AFRL RVS division in collaboration with the UNP Program Office Flight qualify control moment gyroscopes (CMG), and demonstrate new algorithms and topologies for the CMGs 51 Kg, 23.6 tall 22
CubeSats: In Final Development University of Hawaii (Ho oponopono): 3U Provide orbital radar calibration support to the Air Force by collecting and disseminating ephemeris data in response to radar interrogation Manifested on ELaNa 5 launch! St Louis University (COPPER): 1U Evaluate the effectiveness of long-wave infrared imagery for Space Situational Awareness by in-situ detection of a thruster plume Selected for launch via NASA s ELaNa program. Participants in NS-6 Competition Cycle. 23
St Louis University (Argus-Hi): 2U CubeSats: Currently Competing Effects of space radiation on modern electronics University of Michigan (CADRE): 3U Measure thermospheric properties using Wind Ion Neutral Composition Suite (WINCS) Test low-cost, dual-frequency GPS to measure atmospheric and ionospheric total electron content University of Texas at Austin (ARMADILLO): 3U Characterize unknown sub-centimeter level dust and debris particles to improve atmosphere models and assess operational risks to LEO Selected for launch via NASA s ELaNa program. Participants in NS-7 Competition Cycle. 24
CubeSats: Currently Competing Montana State University (SpaceBuoy): 3U Provide space weather data for use in ionospheric forecasting models Provide electron density measurement and Total Electron Content derived data product University at Buffalo (GLADOS): 6U Use a space-based platform for collecting multi-band photometric data of glinting geostationary space objects Participants in NS-7 Competition Cycle. NOTE: First 6u CubeSat in Competition! 25
Take-Aways Focus is on building systems engineers satellites programs Two areas of intent Military Relevance Technical Maturity University picks volume Mission requirements Program capability 26