Clean Space A new cross-cutting initiative of ESA The Clean Space Team 15/04/2013
Index Introduction Clean Space Branch 3 Space debris mitigation Branch 4 Space debris remediation Implementation Conclusions ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 2
Introduction Environmental concerns lead to: New legislations (REACH, RoHS, LOS) Competitive advantage due to green technologies Pressure on the space industry (risk of supply chain disruptions; requests from customers, operator clients, employees) Concerns on the sustainability of the exploitation of space: Risk due to space debris News headlines worldwide (impact on the image of the space sector as a whole) ESA, with the Clean Space initiative, will give a pro-active answer to the environmental challenges both on ground and in space, including its own operations as well as operations performed by European space industry in the frame of ESA programmes ACTION IS NECESSARY TO TRANSFORM THREATS INTO OPPORTUNITIES ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 3
Clean Space Clean Technologies "contribute to the reduction of the environmental impact of space programmes, Branch 1 Branch 2 Eco-Design to evaluate the Green technologies environmental impact and green propulsion, green monitor legislation risk electronics, new materials and processes Green technologies taking into account the overall life-cycle Studies to improve understanding Clean technologies and the management Space Debris of residual waste and pollution resulting from space activities" Technologies for Technologies to support active debris removal debris mitigation Branch 4 Branch 3 ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 4
Objective of the Clean Space Initiative Guaranteeing the future of space activities by protecting the environment ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 5
Branch 4 Space Debris Remediation Why 1/2 Sustainability of space exploitation Simulations show that the number of debris keeps growing even if no further objects are launched World-wide actions by active debris removal (~5 objects per year) Risk of in-orbit collisions is increasing (e.g. Iridium- Cosmos) Substantial increase of the number of Collision Avoidance Manoeuvres Risk of an ESA satellites encountering a catastrophic collision in the next 50 years between ~7.5% and ~11% On ground safety Uncontrolled re-entry of debris causes a risk for onground safety Innovation Innovative technologies (e.g. capture, sensors) are necessary, synergies with other applications (e.g. satellite servicing, capturing asteroids) Possibility of new market for ADR ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 6
Branch 4 Space Debris Remediation Why 2/2 On average, 50 objects need to be removed to prevent one collision, optimised by selecting density hot-spots (in high altitudes) Criteria for removal should be (a combination of): Collision probability [cross-section, population density] Altitude of the target orbit [lifetime of fragments] Mass of the target Delays in starting ADR activities make ADR less effective ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 7
Branch 4 Space Debris Remediation Objectives Develop technologies for space debris rendezvous, capture and re-entry Adopting a system approach, technology developments are planned to be focused on a mission for the controlled de-orbit of heavy objects Place European industry at a forefront position on anticipated future markets ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 8
Target Selection: metrics Orbit Legal issues RDV and capture Applicability to other targets Type Risk of collision Consequence of damage caused by the ADR mission ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 9 Risk of ground casualty
Branch 4 Space Debris Remediation How? Recent and on-going activities Technology and system studies Technologies SMART-OLEV Conexpress RObotic GEostationary orbit Restorer (ROGER) Three Ariadna research studies on novel space debris removal concepts (foams, ion beam shepherd, hybridsail), 2010-11 SysNova, June-December 2012 Concurrent Design Facilities studies Envisat De-Orbit, March 2011 e.deorbit, September 2012 ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 10 1 0
Recent and Ongoing ESA Activities e.deorbit system options Orbit Clamping mechanisms Re-orbit to >2000 km De-orbit to <600 km Controlled re-entry Capture techniques Propulsion Others (harpoon, clamp, etc.) Chemical (CP) Electrical (EP) Net Robotic arm Ion-beam shepherd ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 11
Recent and Ongoing ESA Activities e.deorbit selection of capture technology Rigid connections (push) Soft connections (pull) Point contact Multiple / distributed contacts ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 12
Branch 4 Space Debris Remediation How? Mature ADR technologies: - Adapt and upgrade existing sensor suit to perform rendezvous with un-cooperative target - Evaluate capture mechanisms (i.e. net, harpoon, clamping, robotic arm) and promote technology maturation - Control of stack after capture, push or pulling approaches must be studied and developed - Verification & Validation framework System approach targeting an ESA S/C controlled re-entry: - Phase A and B1 mission design - Service oriented approach to ADR Study alternative approaches for other targets: - Stabilisation of tumbling targets - Ion Beam Shepherd ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 13
Recent and Ongoing ESA Activities e.deorbit Preliminary system design for most promising options, identify the required technology roadmap, and investigate its (their) applicability to other ESA missions Assessment of feasibility, programmatic, risk and cost aspects of a mission for the controlled de-orbiting and re-entry of a large, massive, un-cooperative target in SSO, using technologies analysed in previous CDF studies (e.g. tentacles, robotic arm, net) Target orbit Rendezvous Capture Target Initial orbit (300 x 300 km) Phasing Commissioning Launch ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 14 Perigee lowering burns De-orbit burn Controlled Re- Entry
Branch 4 Space Debris Remediation Roadmap 2011 2012 C M 2013 2014 2015 C M 2016 2017 2018 C M 2019 2020 2021 GSP ROGER Envisat De-orbit CDF Fast -track GSP - debris mitigation aspects for ESA missions e.deorbit CDF Study PDR GSP - Assessment of service oriented approach Phase A PRR Other technologies - Tumbling modelling, Detumbling solutions, Ion Beam Shepherd C/D/E1 KO Vision Based Navigation - Sensors development Advanced GNC Phase B1 Vision Based Navigation - Image recognition Capture mechanism development and test Identification of ADR system validation and verification requirements Proba 3 Decision Standard approach SRR Phase B2 Service oriented approach (to be defined) PDR Launch Phase C CDR CDR Phase D QR < TRL 4 > TRL 4 Projects Other Operational Capability Launch Launch TEC Clean Space - Branch 4 CleanSpace One - Phase A Technology development CleanSpace One Phase B/C/D SSO DEOS Phase A/B1 DEOS Robotic Arm development and testing DEOS Phase B2/C/D Launch DLR Operational Capility for Exploration ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 15
Clean Space implementation Step-wised approach to the implementation of Clean Space roadmaps Selected activities have been proposed for implementation in 2013-2014 through ESA technology programmes Discussions with European partners to exploit synergies is on-going Talks with international partners for possible cooperation on ADR mission have been initiated ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 16
Clean Space implementation Financial aspects Priority activities, over the period 2013 to 2016, amounting to about 60 M Branch 1 - Eco Design 4-6 Meuro Branch 2- Green Technologies 10-15 Meuro Branch 3 - Debris Mitigation 15-20 Meuro Branch 4 Debris Remediation 15-20 Meuro ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 17
Conclusions The Clean Space initiative is a cross-cutting theme within ESA's Technology programmes aiming at making ESA an exemplary agency in terms of terrestrial and space environmental protection containing technology activities presented grouped in roadmaps and proposing a series of technologies which will allow European space industry to: effectively use resources implement regulations mitigate risks willing to turn an apparent threat into an opportunity for the entire space sector ESA Presentation 17/04/2013 Slide 18
Luisa Innocenti Head of Clean Space Office Email: luisa.innocenti@esa.int T: +33 1 53 69 73 52 Thank you For further information Clean Space website: esa.int/tec/clean_space/ Email: cleanspace@esa.int