Perception. What We Will Cover in This Section. Perception. How we interpret the information our senses receive. Overview Perception

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Transcription:

Perception 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 1 What We Will Cover in This Section Overview Perception Visual perception. Organizing principles. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 2 Perception How we interpret the information our senses receive. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 3 1

Gestalt Psychology We integrate the individual sensations into something meaningful. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 4 How We Acquire This Interpretation Some characteristics are inborn. Some characteristics are acquired through experience. Critical period. The time during development when an organism MUST BE EXPOSED to certain influences or experiences it proper development is to occur. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 5 Characteristics of Perception Categories We group sensations into categories based on their features. Relational The pattern of the stimulus has to be related in some way for it to make sense. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 6 2

Selective Attention Focusing awareness on a subset of available stimuli. We are not aware of everything that is going on in the environment. Adaptation causes constant stimuli to disappear from awareness. Goal directed attention. Stimulus-driven attention. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 7 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 8 Characteristics of Perception Adaptive Helps us survive. Automatic. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 9 3

Visual Perception 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 10 Characteristics of Visual Perception Physical Structure Light and dark Figure and ground Depth Inferences Since we see only parts of an object we must infer the whole from the parts. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 11 Form Perception: Figure Ground Figure The object that is distinguished from the background. Ground Backdrop or background areas against which figures stand out. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 12 4

Form Perception: Grouping Proximity Objects closer together are perceived as being one unit. Similarity Similar objects are perceived as being one unit. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 13 Proximity 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 14 Similarity 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 15 5

Form Perception: Grouping Closure We perceive incomplete figures as being complete. Common Fate Elements moving in the same direction at the same rate are grouped together. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 16 Common Fate 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 17 Motion Perception Induced Motion Illusion where a stationary object appears to move and the moving frame of reference appears to be stationary. Apparent Motion Illusion in which one or more stationary lights flickering in succession are perceived as a single moving light. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 18 6

Depth Perception 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 19 Monocular Cues to Distance When we use only one eye, these are the cues we use to tell us approximately how far away something is. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 20 Texture Gradient 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 21 7

Pictorial Cues: Interposition 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 22 Pictorial Cues: Linear Perspective 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 23 Pictorial Cues: Relative Size 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 24 8

Binocular Distance Cues Retinal disparity. The horizontal differences of the image in the two eyes. Convergence. The degree to which the eyes turn inward to fixate on an object. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 25 Convergence 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 26 Visual Constancies Size Constancy The ability to perceive the true size of an object despite variations in the size of its retinal image. Shape constancy The ability to perceive the true shape of an object despite variations in the orientation in the retinal image. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 27 9

Identification and Recognition Top-down processing. Analysis that emphasizes the perceiver s expectations, memories, and other cognitive factors. Bottom-up processing. Analyzing details of the specific sensory details to determine nature of the object. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 28 Count the black dots in this picture. 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 29 10/3/2002 Perception.ppt 30 10

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