Fingerprint Analysis Bud & Patti Bertino
Fingerprints Formation Skin produce secretions oil, salts Dirt combines with secretions Secretions stick to unique ridge patterns on skin
Did You Know? Fingerprints are unique Form before birth in dermal papillae Never change Return after scarring or burning
History of Fingerprinting B.C. Chinese first used fingerprints 1886 fingerprints for ID purposes 1891 first 10 card 1902 first murder solved using fingerprints
First handprint 1891 University @ Lyon Ferroprussinate was used as the developer. Source: Evidence Technology, Nov-Dec 2007
1905 U.S. Army uses fingerprints 1946 100 Millionth 10 card 1975 FBI introduces AFIS Automated Fingerprint Identification System 2007 Department of Homeland Security has 63 million records
Types of Fingerprints Patent or Visible on smooth surfaces Latent or invisible Plastic: prints found in soft materials such as soap
A famous set of prints John Dillinger
Making your 10 Card
Who s fingerprint?
Human Chimp Koala Source: www.virtualsciencefair.org
Latent Fingerprints Treated with powders or chemicals enhance ridge pattern Ninhydrin Super glue Iodine
How are latent prints obtained? Method Iodine fuming Ninhydrin Super glue Super glue +NaOH treatment Effect Toxic & over-develops Toxic & fades in two days Toxic Toxic
Fingerprints and Gloves Prints can be formed through surgical gloves Prints left on the inside of gloves can be lifted
Fingerprint Pattern Types L(oops) A(rches) W(horls)
Loop 65% Core Delta One delta only
Loops Two types: Pinky side ulnar Thumb side - radial
Plain Arch 4 percent Tented Arch 1 percent
Whorl Patterns Whorls occur in 30% of fingerprint patterns PLAIN 24% CENTRAL POCKET 2% Two deltas
Whorl Patterns DOUBLE LOOP 4% ACCIDENTAL.01%
Fingerprint Patterns F.B.I recognizes eight basic patterns Ten basic details within the patterns (minutiae) 12 identical points were necessary for a match
Balloon Thumbprint
Minutiae patterns
Ridge Minutiae
Identify some ridge patterns
Minutiae Ending ridges Bifurcations Dots Islands
Identify Minutiae patterns
CSI vs. The Real World AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System) can search back 99 years Lack of standardization AFIS searches for a biometric pattern not a fingerprint! It matches chosen minutia patterns. Source: The Forensics Teacher - Summer 2008
Criminal, civilians, stock brokers, civil servants, military personnel, teachers, security guards, etc., are included but systems are not always linked. Latent database and cold cases
How Does AFIS Work? Fingerprint images are scanned and digitized Minutiae are coded Minutiae are searched by computerized matchers Search candidates are produced side-by-side on a computer screen Candidates are examined
Evidence Technology, 2012
Algorithm using Minutiae Replaces point ID Faster Uses computers More accurate Ten Card Print Crime Scene Print
What s new? Fingerprint formed in soot. Evidence Technology Magazine May-June 2008
Lift fingerprints from Pills Feathers Source: Evidence Technology Magazine Nov-Dec 07
Even from cadavers Source: Evidence Technology Magazine Nov-Dec 07
Evidence Technology Magazine September-October 2008, p30
Fingertips in I.D. Enhancer Solution Casting made of fingerprints in silicone-rubber
A Match!
Orange fluorescent powder viewed with special camera filter Electrical tape both sides Source: Evidence Technology Magazine Nov-Dec 07
Mobile cyanoacrylate fuming Source: Evidence Technology Magazine Nov-Dec 07
Identity Recognition Fingerprints Facial recognition within 10 years Iris scan are no two alike? To be determined and cannot be used in court (as yet)
Matrix scanners
Biometric Devices
Kiplinger Newsletter 11/12
Finger scanners
Free NIJ online sourcebook
Notice the scar
Fingerprints! They ll get you every time.