드론의제어원리. Professor H.J. Park, Dept. of Mechanical System Design, Seoul National University of Science and Technology.

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드론의제어원리 Professor H.J. Park, Dept. of Mechanical System Design, Seoul National University of Science and Technology. An Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. UAVs include both autonomous (means they can do it alone) drones and remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs).

CONTENTS 01 드론이란무엇인가? 드론의어원, 역사등을알아본다. 02 드론의분류드론의분류에대하여알아본다. 03 제어원리드론의위치와자세를제어하는원리에대하여알아본다. 04 드론용센서 IMU 센서의원리와센서융합에대하여알아본다. 05 드론의구성예드론을구성하는분품을살펴본다.

드론이란무엇인가?

Drone 의어원 n 정의 : 영어고어 Drone = male bee = lazy people n 역사 1915: 1 차세계대전중무선조종비행기개발 1935: 영국해군 DH 82B Queen Bee 1939: Radioplane à Drone 영국 DH 82B Queen Bee 정찰및대공무기의 Target 으로활용됨. 미국 Radioplane - 1939

공식명칭 n Official Names Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - UAV Unmanned Aerial System UAS Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems - RPAS UAS 연방항공국 (FAA) 공식이름 UAV/UAS RPAS Mulicopters Quadcopter Hexacopter Octacopter

드론의분류

2 차원운동 - 차량, 선박 n 2D 상의차량상태 (,, ) 로결정 3 개의구동으로위치 / 자세를임의로결정 à Holonomic ( 구동수 = 상태수 ) n 상태결정방법 non-holonomic Holonomic

비행체 n 공간상의비행체상태 (,,,,, ) 로결정 6 개의구동으로 6 개의위치 / 자세를임의로결정 à Holonomic n 상태결정방법 aileron 4 elevator rudder 4 4 non-holonomic

드론의종류 n 분류 UAV Rotor Type Wing type Single Double Triple multi Coax Quad Hexa Octo Fixed wing Hybrid Ornithopter Y4 Y6 X8 Hybrid-X

공식 Multi-copter n 로터의수는주로짝수개 회전반작용상쇄에유리

제어원리

Quadrotor 제어방식 n 4 개의프로펠러회전속도 è 4 개의작용력 è 4 개의운동 Ω, : force 상승운동 Roll 운동,, M movement matrix : torque : torque : torque Yaw 운동 Pitch 운동 M -1 movement matrix Motor speed 4 개의작용력 4 개의운동

Quadrotor 제어방식 n Throttle 제어 : 방향의가속 기본 Hovering+Δ Ω = Ω + Δ : Ω = Ω + Δ : Ω = Ω + Δ : Ω = Ω + Δ : where Ω : speed required for hovering Ω = 4(Ω + Δ ) n Roll 제어 : 방향의회전가속 Φ Ω = Ω + Δ : Ω = Ω Δ : Ω = Ω Δ : Ω = Ω + Δ : Ω = 4Ω Ω =Ω + = + (Δ ) = + Φ = 4l (Δ ) = Ω =Ω Ω =Ω + Ω =Ω + Ω =Ω Ω =Ω + Ω =Ω + Φ 전진방향 Ω =Ω + 전진방향

Quadrotor 제어방식 n Pitch 제어 : 방향의회전가속 Θ 기본 Hovering+Δ Ω = Ω Δ : Ω = Ω Δ : Ω = Ω + Δ : Ω Ω = Ω + Δ : = 4Ω Θ = 4l (Δ ) = Ω =Ω + Θ Ω =Ω Ω =Ω + Ω =Ω 전진방향 n Yaw 제어 : 방향의회전가속 Ψ Ω = Ω + Δ : Ω = Ω Δ : Ω = Ω + Δ : Ω = Ω Δ : Ω = 4Ω Ψ = 4 Δ = Ω =Ω Ω =Ω + Ψ Ω =Ω Ω =Ω + 전진방향

Quadrotor 제어시스템 n Overall control system diagram Commands required force required motor speed required PWM,,,,,, Ω, Ω, Ω, Ω,,, Control Algorithm Inverted Movement Matrix Motor Parameters,,, Sensors

Quadrotor 제어시스템 n Typical Block diagram GPS Altitude sensors Receiver Bluetooth WiFi Microcontroller AVR, STM32 Ultrasonic Sensor Pressure Sensor 6-AXIS IMU 3-AXIS Accelerometer 3-AXIS Magnetometer ESC, Servo motor 3-AXIS Gyro

드론용센서

센서융합 (Fusion) n IMU 센서의 Fusion IMU 3x- Accelerometer,, 3x- Gyro sensor Sensor fusion,, 3x- Magnetosensor,, roll, pitch, yaw,, Yaw Roll Pitch

MEMS IMU 센서 n 가속도측정센서 mass-spring-capacitance sensor 4x4x0.9 M C MEMS IMU 출처 : http://www.freescale.com/files/sensors/doc/app_note/an3461.pdf

MEMS IMU 센서 n MEMS IMU 센서의원리 n 물체가직선운동을시키고회전을시키면 Coriolis force 가발생 = 2 : Coriolis force vector, : rotation vector, : linear velocity vector n 에의한변위를 capacitive 센서로측정 Image credit: http://www.digikey.com/us/en/techzone/sensors/resources/articles/mems- Accelerometers.html

각도측정의원리 - Accelerometer n 가속도센서를이용한 pitch = 0 인경우 =, = 0 > 0 인경우 = cos, = sin = tan n 문제점 잡음에취약하다. 운동가속도에도영향을받는다. sin 1) = 2) >

각도측정의원리 -Gyro n Gyro 센서를이용한 pitch gyro 센서는근본적으로각속도를측정하는센서 를구하려면각속도 를적분 문제점 : Drift 현상 작은오차적분에의하여 error = dt drift

센서융합 (Fusion) n 상보 (Complementary) 필터 지자기센서 각속도 결과각도

Sensor fusion

드론의구성

Ardupilot Components 1 Propeller 2 BLDC motor 3 Connectors 4 ESC 5 Li-Po battery 6 Power Distributor 7 8 Servo connector 9 Flight Controller 10 Gimbal Connector 11 Gimbal - Roll 12 Gimbal - Pitch 13 Gimbal 14 GPS 15 RC receiver 16 2.4GHz Antenna 17 RC Transmitter

PX4

THANK YOU An Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. UAVs include both autonomous (means they can do it alone) drones and remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs).