Second Floor Circulation Introduction As you enter Redifer commons the first space you come to is the vestibule. From the vestibule you can proceed into Louie s or through a set of doors into the Lobby. The lobby takes you to a set of offices, the dining room or the corridor in front of the mailroom. The corridor, which is the last area of circulation on the second floor, not only passes the mailroom and the student mailboxes, but also leads you to a set of stairs and an elevator. Design Criteria Appearance and Themes: The corridors should mainly serve as a means to get to the more important parts of the commons. All entrances and exits at the ends of the corridors should be accentuated by the use of brighter illuminance levels. The second floor lobby and vestibule should be bright and exciting to make a customer feel like they are being invited into the space. Appearance of Luminaires: The lobby and vestibule should house fixtures with a more decorative feel to create the inviting feeling described above, while the corridors should implement fixtures that are more functional. The purpose of the corridor is to guide people through the space to reach an ultimate destination. Since corridors are also long skinny spaces, luminaires with this same character trait should be implemented. Ceiling heights are also low in all of the circulation spaces so this needs to be kept into consideration when choosing a luminaire. Luminaire Consistency: The dining room can be seen from all of these areas. Similar fixtures should be used to keep the feeling similar, yet still unique. Luminance Levels: Levels should be less bright than the adjacent areas (Louie s, mailroom, dining room) so that you are guided to these main spaces. This lack of brightness will serve as a means of direction into the neighboring areas. Uniform Illuminance: Although these levels do not need to be high, they should stay consistent throughout. Illuminance Levels: The lobby and vestibule floors are required by IESNA to have a horizontal illuminance of 30fc. The corridor floors are required by IESNA to have a horizontal illuminance of 10fc. The mailboxes in the corridor are required by IESNA to have a vertical illuminance of 5fc. ASHRAE 90.1 2004 Allowable Power Density: 0.5 W/SF for corridors, 1.3 W/SF for lobby spaces, with an addition of 1.0 W/SF for decorative fixtures Design Concept These three spaces have one main thing in common. Each leads to an ultimate destination and serve as a means of direction. With this in mind, the vestibule and lobby must also be inviting to draw people not only into these spaces but also into the joining spaces such as Louie s, the dining rooms, the mailroom, and the set of elevators and stairs. I wanted to maintain a common theme to the dining room below since it can be seen from most of the circulation spaces. I wanted to use downlights common to the dining room as well as the decorative nature of the neon strips. This would bind the spaces together and make them feel as if they would flow into one. The corridor left opportunity to explore two different options in which I will compare. Each option serves to guide the students down the corridor to the mailboxes and finally to the elevator and staircase. The first lighting scheme involves 44
using downlights and neon strips down the length of the hallway as guidance. The second concept uses the cove fixtures which are similar to those used in certain areas of the dining room. These coves will also run along the length of the hallway as guidance, but will be using purely indirect light instead of the direct light emitted from downlights. The following will be compared: input watts verses the illuminance level on the floor, efficiency of the fixtures and the power densities consumed by each lighting scheme. Section of second floor circulation Analysis 1 Luminaire Schedule Cut sheets for this equipment can be found following this report 45
Light Loss Factors Luminaire Designation Ballast Factor Maintenance Category CA 0.95 IV CB 0.95 IV CC 0.95 IV CD 1.00 I CE 0.85 VI Cleaning Interval Very Clean; Cleaned Every 6 months Very Clean; Cleaned Every 6 months Very Clean; Cleaned Every 6 months Clean; Cleaned Every 18 months Very Clean; Cleaned Every 6 months RCR Lobby: 4.6 Vestibule:5 Corridor:6 RSDD (Expected Dirt Depreciation= 4%) LLD LDD Total LLF 0.98 0.93 0.85 0.74 6 0.98 0.86 0.96 0.77 Lobby: 4.6 Vestibule:5 Corridor:6 Vestibule:5 Corridor:6 0.98 0.93 0.85 0.74 0.95 1.00 0.91 0.86 4.6 0.98 0.91 0.96 0.72 46
Lighting Plan 47
Control Equipment and Zones These zones will be integrated into the same dimming control system used in the dining area. 48
Zone 1- controlling compact fluorescent downlights and will be dimmable to maintain 28 fc on the floor; dimming levels will be controlled by a photosensor A Zone 2- controlling the neon strips and will be switched on during operating hours Zone 3- controlling the large skydome which will be switched on during operating hours of the commons Zone 4- controlling compact fluorescent downlights and will be dimmable to maintain 30 fc on the floor; dimming levels will be controlled by a photosensor B detecting light from both the windows and the large skydome Zone 5- controlling compact fluorescent downlights and will be dimmable to maintain 30 fc on the floor; dimming levels will be controlled by a photosensor C detecting light from both the windows and the large skydome Zone 6- controlling compact fluorescent downlights and will be dimmable to maintain 15 fc on the floor; dimming levels will be controlled by a photosensor D detecting daylight and/or electric light coming from the dining room Zone 7- controlling the neon strips and will be switched on during operating hours Zone 8- controlling compact fluorescent downlights and will be switched on during operating hours Power Density Calculation Lobby and Vestibule Corridor 0.44 W/SF <1.3 W/SF Allowable for general lighting 0.77 W/SF >0.5 W/SF Allowable for general lighting 0.10 W/SF <1.0 W/SF Allowable for additional 0.22 W/SF <1.0 W/SF Allowable for additional decorative lighting decorative lighting Although the power density in the corridor is higher than the allowable it will be alright because of the fact that I used much less than the power in the vestibule and lobby. One compensates for the other. 49
Calculation Results Electric Light: Illuminance Levels These contour lines show the light distribution when all luminaires in the ceiling are on. The average illuminance levels in the circulation areas area as follows: Vestibule (floor): 28 fc Lobby (floor): 50 fc Corridor (floor): 15 fc Corridor (vertical mailboxes): 8 fc Vestibule Lobby Corridor (has been rotated counterclockwise- mailboxes are at the top) 50
Analysis 2 The main function of the corridor is to guide people to the mailroom and eventually down to the elevator and stairwell. I was interested in exploring two ways in which this could be done. The first has been shown above with the use of downlights and a neon strip running down the length of the corridor above the mailboxes. This is a lighting theme common to one used in the dining room. I wanted to compare this layout to another using indirect light. The indirect light will be achieved using the cove fixture used in the dining room below. This cove also runs along the length of the hallway above the mailboxes directing a line of site down the hall. I will be comparing the power density consumed by each system, the illuminance level achieved on the floor and on the mailboxes with each system and the efficiency of the luminaires used in each system. I will then decide which system I believe would be more effective for the functions of the space. Luminaire Schedule The additional fixture added to the schedule: Light Loss Factors For the additional fixture added to the schedule: Luminaire Designation Ballast Factor Maintenance Category CF 0.85 VI Cleaning Interval Very Clean; Cleaned Every 6 months RCR RSDD (Expected Dirt Depreciation= 4%) LLD LDD Total LLF 6 0.90 0.95 0.96 0.70 51
Lighting Plans The plans below show the difference between the layouts of each corridor. Analysis 1 Analysis 2 52
Control Equipment and Zones Zone 6- controlling fluorescent cove fixtures and will be dimmable to maintain 18 fc on the floor; dimming levels will be controlled by a photosensor D detecting daylight and/or electric light coming from the dining room Zone 7- controlling compact fluorescent downlights and will be switched on during operating hours 53
Power Density Comparison Analysis 1: Direct Light Analysis 2: Indirect Light 0.77 W/SF <0.5 W/SF Allowable for general lighting 0.69 W/SF >0.5 W/SF Allowable for general lighting 0.22 W/SF <1.0 W/SF Allowable for additional 0.00 W/SF <1.0 W/SF Allowable for additional decorative lighting decorative lighting 54
Power Plan (This information has been provided in the lighting depth for this comparison only. The power plans and panelboard information for the remaining spaces have been included in the electrical depth) Panelboard Information The lighting for the corridor is placed on panelboard D circuit 15 and 19. If needed there is still 5.4A available on D-19. As seen above there is a total of 428 W used in the corridor. Therefore these fixtures use a total of 6.06A and will be placed on D-15. 20A Lighting Circuits- 16 A each 20A, 1P breaker 2- #12 & #12 G in ¾ conduit 55
Calculation Results Electric Light: Illuminance Levels These contour lines show the light distribution when all luminaires in the ceiling are on. The average illuminance levels in the corridor area with indirect light are as follows: Corridor (floor): 18 fc Corridor (vertical mailboxes): 12 fc (has been rotated counterclockwise- mailboxes are at the top) Cove Detail A section of the cove used for indirect light in the second analysis: Comparison Renderings Analysis 1: Direct Light Analysis 2: Indirect Light 56
System Characteristic Comparisons System Characteristics Analysis 1: Direct Light Analysis 2: Indirect Light Requirements Power Density 0.77 W/SF 0.69 W/SF < 0.5 W/SF Watts Consumed (only task light) Illuminance level on the corridor floor Ratio Between watts consumed and illuminance level on the floor Illuminance level on the mailbox wall Ratio Between watts consumed and illuminance level on the mailboxes Total Luminaire Efficiency Number of Fixtures Used 339 428 N.A. 15 fc 18 fc 10 fc Differences Direct light uses.08 W/SF more than the direct light Indirect light consumes 148 W more than the direct system Indirect light increases the illuminance level on the floor by 3 fc 0.04 0.04 N.A. Both systems are equivalent 8 fc 12 fc 5 fc 0.03 0.03 N.A. 47.2% 72.0% N.A. 9 11 N.A. Indirect light increases the illuminance level on the mailboxes by 4 fc There is no difference; the ratios are identical Indirect fixture is 24.8% more efficient The direct system uses less luminaires Conclusions This circulation space included two types of areas. One being the vestibule and lobby which not only function as a way of finding Louie s, the dining room and the mailroom, but also as an area that should make people feel welcome into the building. I feel that the integration of the decorative fixtures help to achieve this goal. The neon strips and skydome fixture also serve to make a connection to the surrounding spaces. The second type of space is the corridor which is a purely functional space guiding, mainly the students, to the mailroom and their mailboxes and the elevator and stairwell. I was interested in exploring different ways in which this guidance could be achieved. The first analysis was done using direct light and a long strip of blue neon along one side of the corridor ultimately leading to the end of the hallway. This theme of downlights and neon strips was one used similarly below in the main dining room. A higher wattage downlight was used at the end of the corridor to increase illuminance levels at the end of the hallway. The second analysis was done using the same cove fixture and design that was used in the dining room below. This row of luminaires, also running along the length of the hallway, is used as guidance. After examining the renderings and looking at the differences between the two systems and their characteristics I believe that the indirect light makes for a better system. First of all, although both power densities are high, this system is lower than the direct system. The indirect light also produces higher illuminance levels on both the floor and the mailboxes. Finally, although more fixtures are needed, the efficiency of the indirect fixture is significantly higher than that of the direct light. This lighting design will also change the flow of lighting from that in the lobby and at the end of the hall drawing visitors to that area and ultimately to the end where the lighting is similar once again. 57