APCO Broadband Working Group and Other Comments Andrew M. Seybold, Vice-Chairman Chairman: Bill Schrier, City of Seattle NPSTC is a federation of organizations whose mission is to improve public safety communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership.
APCO Broadband Committee Mission Primary objectives of APCO Broadband Committee are to Provide advice and counsel to APCO Board of Directors and Executive Council regarding upcoming design, construction, governance, technical requirements necessary to construct nationwide public safety broadband wireless network in 700-MHz spectrum Study and carefully consider certain Federal Government positions, proposed rulemaking and legislation that will impact the nationwide public safety 700-MHz broadband wireless network. Provide recommendations to APCO Board of Directors for action or comment on such positions, rulemaking, and legislation Assist APCO Board and Membership in promoting public safety s requirements to standards-setting bodies, e.g., 3GPP Assist APCO s professional staff in preparation of educational materials and events that help membership understand applications, technologies, and potential uses of wireless broadband networks to help public safety officers and agencies interoperably communicate and perform their missions communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 2
Formed by APCO Jan. 2011 Chairman: Bill Schrier, City of Seattle Vice-Chair Andy Seybold Members Public safety professionals, both technical and non-technical County, city, and state IT professionals Industry representatives (vendors) Consultants APCO Liaison Diverse Group Hit the ground running We do NOT set APCO policy we recommend to execs communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 3
Work Completed and In Process Recommendations to APCO FCC s Fourth Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Submitted April 2, 2011 Recommendation regarding PLMN-ID Committee recommended single, nationwide PLMN-ID Reviewed and commented on NPTSC s Mission Critical Voice definition Held three open committee meetings Sought input from non-committee members on issues Currently Reviewing APCO briefing document for Congress NIST R&D priority features for national broadband network communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 4
Going Forward The committee plans to Work closely with NPSTC on security and other issues Stay updated on waiver recipients progress Stay current with activities in Congress with liaison to PSA Respond to queries from APCO executives Items of committee interest Broadband educational sessions for public safety Broadband voice requirements Nationwide network system deployment Broadband applications testing and certification Device testing and certification Other network features and functions communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 5
Real-World Public Safety Network Testing Results CONNERSTONE NETWORK ALAMEDA COUNTY, CA communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 6
All LTE Wireless Bandwidth Is Shared Bandwidth is shared On a sector basis Data speeds vary Close to cell center Mid-range in coverage Edge of cell Single user within a sector Gets all capacity, speed Multiple users share total available bandwidth Each Cell Site Divided into 3 sectors Each sector has same capacity communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 7
LTE Network Capacity LTE carrier is made up of resource blocks Some are reserved for signaling Most for data Number of blocks per user can be changed When all blocks are full, network capacity has been reached communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 8
Actual Resource Block Usage communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 9
Real-World Capacity Tests Tests of Cornerstone Network: Alameda County, CA Test run weeks of April 11 and May 1 More testing ongoing Final report due September 2011 Tests were based on incidents Some drive testing, primarily fixed-location testing First set of tests: single cell sector only No other network traffic Tests conducted near cell center (0.5 miles from center) Mid-coverage (1.5 miles from center) Edge of cell (3.8 miles usable signal) Edge of cell (4.2 miles unusable signal) Same cell sector, in center of sector coverage communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 10
Methodology Video and data transmission up and down Server in the core so NO external immeasurable variables Cell sector had 30 Mbps of backhaul via microwave Panasonic Toughbooks with Windows XP External unity gain antennas on vehicle roofs MIMO (2 antennas) in both directions All notebooks within 500 feet of each other Pre-recorded video at various resolutions Pre-stored data files (small, medium, large) Test results recorded on server and each notebook Separate test validation by Anritsu America Each series of tests run multiple times Results of each test run compared to others communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 11
The Network Under Test Copyright 2010 communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 12
Final Results Maximum Network Throughput Test Site Glacier Street (best case) Sunvalley Mall (typical case) John Muir House (worst case) Downlink Bandwidth Uplink Bandwidth 16 to 19 Mbits / sec 6 to 7 Mbits / sec 11 to 15 Mbits / sec 2 Mbits / sec 6 to 8 Mbits / sec 0.2 to 0.3 Mbits / sec These measurements represent maximum available data speeds and capacity. These are raw numbers and do not include overhead due to security and encryption of the data. communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 13
Data Speeds and Capacity Conclusions Tests were made under ideal conditions System data speeds will vary Existing public safety spectrum does not provide enough bandwidth D Block is needed to provide sufficient per-cell-sector data capacity Overloading the network creates problems for existing video/data users Recap of video test results Downlink Video Streams Uplink Video Test Site Streams Glacier Street (best case) 5 3 Sunvalley Mall (typical case) John Muir House (worst case) 3 2 2 0 communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 14
Real-World Incident Testing Barricaded Hostage: a gunman holds one or more hostages in a building Suspected Bomb: a suspicious package turns out to be a bomb and must be deactivated Allocated Resources Sniper scopes (3.1 Mbits per second each) Police car dashboard cameras (1.9 Mbits per second each) Helicopter-mounted camera (3.1 Mbits per second, typically via microwave link, not LTE network) Video feed from bomb / hazardous situation robot (3.1 Mbits per second) Additional handheld video feed (1.9 Mbits per second) Uploaded data from EMS response units (EKG, scans, etc. at 0.1-3.0 Mbits per second) Copyright 2010 communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 15
Test Results: Barricaded Hostage (10 MHz) Note: These numbers are based on the minimum number of first responders for the incident. The reality is that there will be more units/people on the scene and therefore an even higher demand for video to and from the incident. communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 16
Same Incident with 20 MHz of Spectrum communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 17
Test Results: Suspected Bomb Note: These numbers are based on the minimum number of first responders for the incident. The reality is that there will be more units/people on the scene and therefore an even higher demand for video to and from the incident. communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 18
Same Incident with 20 MHz of Spectrum communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 19
2 Videos Simultaneously 3 Videos Simultaneously 4 Videos Simultaneously 5 Videos Simultaneously communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 20
Test Conclusions Tests results are BEST CASE Tests were conducted using mobile devices with external antennas Results for handheld devices will be significantly worse Tests were based on minimum response to the incidents Increased first responders will cause more network overloading These incidents are typical of daily events that occur on a routine basis in most metropolitan areas Therefore 10 MHz of spectrum (5 MHz X 5 MHz) is not sufficient for public safety broadband use Public safety needs the additional 10 MHz of spectrum known as the D Block and Congress needs to reallocate it to public safety! communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 21
LTE Benefits LTE public safety broadband Mission-critical data and video services to public safety communications Nationwide, fully interoperable data/video network Lower-cost devices because they are based on commercial technology Public safety will have full control of the public safety LTE network Won t have to share network with commercial customers Public safety needs the D Block 10 MHz of spectrum does not provide enough data capability even for routine incidents that will require data and video services Public Safety needs complete control over all the spectrum it needs Public/private partnerships will provide both public safety and commercial broadband services to rural America And faster than any other proposed rural broadband plan! communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 22
What Public Safety Will Have To Learn LMR and LTE systems are very different Different design criteria Different types of operation Different types of applications and capabilities LTE systems bandwidth will need to be managed on an incidentby-incident basis Networks will cost more to build and operate Device prices will be lower and more affordable Network construction will be an ongoing process How to integrate voice and data networks Limitations of LTE for mission-critical voice services Both narrowband and broadband networks will be needed for at least a decade if not longer communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 23
Broadband Will Change a LOT! Dispatch and incident command vehicles will resemble video control centers at TV stations and in ESPN vans parked outside sports stadiums New type of hire Video control operators who will Monitor all incoming video feeds Adjust resolution and bandwidth so most important video is at highest resolution Send chosen video out to those in the field who need to see it Change outgoing video depending on what is needed, most relevant Caveat: Wireless broadband capacity will be limited; public safety will have to make video changes on the fly and instrumentation resolutions in real time NARROWBAND VOICE will still be of vital importance! communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 24
Voice Over LTE: BE CAREFUL Voice over LTE broadband networks is being worked on It will be Voice over IP (VoIP) It will come to commercial network operators in a year or two HOWEVER Voice over commercial LTE networks will NOT be mission-critical, public safety quality voice Work is being done on public safety mission-critical voice over LTE but There is no timeline for availability There is no guarantee it will provide ALL of the same functionality the public safety community needs THEREFORE DO NOT STOP INVESTING IN PUBLIC SAFETY LAND MOBILE RADIO (LMR) MISSION-CRITICAL VOICE SYSTEMS! Copyright 2010 communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 25
WHEN YOU WANT STRAIGHT ANSWERS Wireless Intelligence: Consulting Insight Education andrewseybold.com communications and interoperability through collaborative leadership. 26