S-BPM in the Production Industry

S-BPM in the Production Industry

Matthias Neubauer Christian Stary Editors S-BPM in the Production Industry A Stakeholder Approach

Editors Matthias Neubauer Johannes Kepler Universität Linz Linz Austria Christian Stary Johannes Kepler Universität Linz Linz Austria ISBN 978-3-319-48465-5 ISBN 978-3-319-48466-2 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-48466-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016955533 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and the Author(s) 2017. This book is published open access. Open Access This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and any changes made are indicated. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the work s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if such material is not included in the work s Creative Commons license and the respective action is not permitted by statutory regulation, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to duplicate, adapt or reproduce the material. This work is subject to copyright. All commercial rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface More than 100 years ago, Frederick Taylor moved forward applying scientific methods to the engineering of processes. Analyzing and synthesizing workflows in order to improve economic efficiency is a challenge we are facing again today when digitizing production processes. However, this time labour force plays a dual role. Besides being the affected, due to its knowledge and market pressure, it is required for designing work, thus, redefining the role of management. S-BPM has received attention for digitizing processes, while aiming to empower stakeholders developing their organization. However, its application in managing production processes still challenges management and operation. Several case studies, presented in this volume, helped exploring the potential and experiencing the limits of engineering a company from a communication-centred perspective. It is not only about demonstrating capabilities and implementation, but also letting people design their workplace while running the business operation. In this volume, we have structured the latest findings in Industry 4.0 projects utilizing S-BPM features. Developers, educators, and practitioners will find some conceptual background and results from the field indicating the state of the art in vertical and horizontal process integration. The chapters have been carefully selected and thoroughly peer-reviewed by at least two experts in the field. In order to get such job done, many people have been actively involved, in particular, The authors of the various contributions documenting their findings for sharing experiences, The project team supporting the developments and reviews, and The European Commission funding this SO-PC-Pro 1 outreach activity Finally, we cordially thank Ralf Gerstner and Eleonore Samklu from Springer for their continuous support and assistance when publishing this volume. Linz, Austria Matthias Neubauer Christian Stary 1 SO-PC-Pro is a European FP 7 project on subject orientation for people-centred production supported under grant agreement no. 609 190 (Theme FoF.NMP-2013-3 Workplaces of the future: the new people-centred production site Factories of the Future ) see also www.so-pc-pro.eu. v

Acknowledgements The work reported in this book received funding in part from the European SO-PC-Pro project. SO-PC-Pro represents a collaborative research project in the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007 2013) of the European Union under the grant agreement no 609190. The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the SO-PC-Pro project to this book. Both the industrial cases reported in this book aimed to involve workers and provide worker-centred solutions. We gratefully acknowledge the valuable contributions of the workers and the management commitment allowing to take sufficient time for in-depth investigations. In Company A, we would like to especially thank Mr. Marek Baris for his strong commitment to the project and the support of the SO-PC-Pro project team as well as his support for the workers. Besides, we would like to acknowledge Tatiana Telecká and Tibor Telecky for providing a testbed. In Company B, we would like to acknowledge the valuable feedback from shop floor workers and their encouragement to contribute to workplace redesign. Especially, we would like to thank Davide Tiziani, Ricardo de Bon, Giovanni Bassotto and Massimiliano Ruffo. Aside from the industrial cases, laboratory testing related to stress measurement has been performed at Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria. These activities were strongly supported by students in terms of test design, implementation and evaluation. We gratefully acknowledge the test persons for volunteering to be part of this research as well as the students for enabling and conducting the test. vii

Contents 1 Introduction.... 1 Matthias Neubauer and Christian Stary 2 Industrial Challenges... 7 Christian Stary and Matthias Neubauer 3 S-BPM s Industrial Capabilities... 27 Matthias Neubauer, Christian Stary, Udo Kannengiesser, Richard Heininger, Alexandra Totter and David Bonaldi 4 Lot-Size One Production.... 69 Udo Kannengiesser, Richard Heininger, Lubomir Billy, Pavol Terpak, Matthias Neubauer, Christian Stary, Dennis Majoe, Alexandra Totter and David Bonaldi 5 People-Centred Production Design.... 113 Chiara Di Francescomarino, Mauro Dragoni, Chiara Ghidini, Nicola Flores, Franco Cesaro, Udo Kannengiesser, Richard Heininger, Alexandra Totter, David Bonaldi, Matthias Neubauer and Christian Stary 6 Human-Controlled Production... 167 Matthias Neubauer, Florian Krenn, Ioan-Alexandru Schärfl, Christian Stary and Dennis Majoe 7 Learnings... 193 Chiara Di Francescomarino, Chiara Ghidini, Mauro Dragoni, Udo Kannengiesser, Richard Heininger, Dennis Majoe, Lubomir Billy, Pavol Terpak, Nicola Flores, Franco Cesaro, Alexandra Totter, David Bonaldi, Matthias Neubauer and Christian Stary 8 The Future: Obstacles and Opportunities... 209 Udo Kannengiesser Index... 231 ix

Editors and Contributors About the Editors Matthias Neubauer is researcher and project manager of the SO-PC-Pro project. He has deep knowledge both in S-BPM and in all case studies performed in the project and presented in the book. He received his Ph.D. in Business Information Systems in 2013. He teaches in the fields of BPM, distributed systems, and knowledge management, and is involved in other funded international projects. Christian Stary is Full Professor in the Department of Business Information Systems Communications Engineering. He also leads the Competence Centre on Knowledge Management located at the University in Linz. Christian received his Ph.D. in Conceptual Modelling of Human Computer Interaction at Vienna University of Technology in 1988 and was promoted to Associate Professor in 1993 there before becoming Full Professor in 1995 in Linz. He has held several visiting professorships in Europe and the US. He has been and still is principal investigator of several national and international projects. He has authored several articles and books on interactive systems and usability engineering, and modelling and learning support for complex socio-technical systems. Contributors Lubomir Billy is a graduate of the International Economic Relations doctoral study programme at the University of Economics in Bratislava. His research interest includes migration, management and the EU Structural funds. He has participated in preparation of international projects within cross-border cooperation programmes, 7th Framework Programme, LLP, Horizon 2020 and Erasmus+. Lately, his interest in the topic of social innovations has augmented and he has participated in several projects containing the social innovation aspects at the national level, such as Development of the Action Plan of the Culture Development Strategy, xi

xii Editors and Contributors Universities as the driving forces of a knowledge-based society, as well as at the international level such as the LEGEND project focused on the intellectual capital methodology. David Bonaldi is the Managing Director of ByElement. He holds a Masters degree in Business Administration (University of Zurich). He has broad experiences in international project management, ERP/SAP implementations for production companies and usability/user experience engineering and human-centred design for ICT solutions. Franco Cesaro is the owner of Cesaro&Associati. He specializes in uniting business and family values and dynamics. The focus of his studies is the individuals who work in organizations. In order to grow, these organizations must decide to invest in culture which is a prerequisite for autonomy, development of talent and the solution of problems. At present, he teaches at the University of Milan. He is the author of Non ne posso più dei venditori (2003), Piccoli e Scatenati (2004) and Racconti di Fabbrica, with M. Bini (2011). Chiara Di Francescomarino is a researcher at Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy, in the Shape and Evolve Living Knowledge (SHELL) unit. She received her Ph.D. in Information and Communication Technologies from the University of Trento, working on business process modelling and reverse engineering from execution logs. Her current research interests include business process modelling, collaborative modelling and the evaluation of tools and techniques for its support, as well as business process monitoring and mining. She has been involved in local (e.g. FESR), and international (e.g. Euregio and EU) research projects. She serves as PC member in international conferences and workshops and as a peer reviewer in international journals in the field of knowledge and process management. Mauro Dragoni is a researcher at Fondazione Bruno Kessler within the Shape and Evolve Living Knowledge research unit (SHELL). He received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Milan in 2010. His main research topics concern knowledge management, information retrieval, and sentiment analysis by focusing on the development of real-world prototypes as outcome of his research activities. He has been involved in a number of international research projects, including Organic.Lingua (FP7), SO-PC-Pro (FP7), Medical CPS (EIT), PROMO (FESR), and Presto (FESR). He co-authored more than 50 scientific publications in international journals, conferences, and workshop. Nicola Flores is a psychologist specialized in organizational and work psychology. He gained his Bachelor s degree in Working and Organizational Psychology at Padua University and his Master s in in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). He is a trainer in different work-related training and positive psychology courses. He is also project manager in different EU funded projects and research programmes. Since 2010, he has supported the Psychology and Educational Psychology classes at Milan University Statale.

Editors and Contributors xiii Chiara Ghidini is a senior Research Scientist at Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy, where she now heads the Shape and Evolve Living Knowledge (SHELL) research unit. She obtained her Ph.D. in Computer Science Engineering in a joint programme between the Università La Sapienza of Rome and the University of Trento. Before joining FBK in 2003, she has worked as a postdoc at the Centre for Agent Research and Development, Manchester Metropolitan University (1998 2000), and as a lecturer at the Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool (2000 2003). Her scientific work in the areas of Semantic Web, knowledge engineering and representation, and multi-agent systems is internationally well known and recognised. Chiara has actively been organizing workshops and conferences on multi-agent systems (EUMAS 04), context-based representations (Context-03, 05 and 07), knowledge engineering and capturing (K-CAP 2013, EKAW 2014), and Semantic Web (ESWC 2012 and 2016, ISWC 2014 and 2016). In addition, she has served as a programme committee member for most of the top international conferences in these areas. She has been, and still is, involved in a number of international research projects, as well as industrial projects in collaboration with companies in the Trentino area. Richard Heininger works at Metasonic and conducts applied research in the field of S-BPM. He holds a Master s degree in Business Informatics from Johannes Kepler University Linz (Austria) and currently attends a course, Applied Knowledge Management, at the Center for Knowledge Management Linz. He was involved in many customer and research projects in which he was responsible among others for process elicitation, training or prototype development. Udo Kannengiesser is a researcher in the fields of business process management, Industry 4.0, multi-agent systems, and design science. He worked for Metasonic GmbH and National ICT Australia, and served as a research consultant for several universities in Australia and the United States. He holds a Ph.D. in Design Computing and Cognition from the University of Sydney (Australia), where he developed an extension of the function behaviour structure (FBS) ontology, which is one of the most highly cited models of designing. He also holds a Master s degree in Production Engineering from Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany). Florian Krenn is a researcher in the field of business process management. He received his Master in Business Information Systems in 2013 and is working at the Department of Business Information Systems Communications Engineering at Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria. Currently, he is working on his Ph.D. thesis about process decomposition and workflow execution. Florian has been involved in national and international research projects on articulation, learning and workflow supports.

xiv Editors and Contributors Dennis Majoe is the Chief Technical Officer of MA Systems and Control Limited. He has over 20 years experience in product and systems design in the development of physiological sensors and low-power SMART wearable systems. He has a B.Sc. in Electronics, a Master s in Cybernetics and a Ph.D. in Signal Processing. He has also a Master s in Business Administrations. Ioan-Alexandru Schärfl is currently studying Business Informatics (Master s) with a focus on security aspects of information systems at the Johannes Kepler University of Linz. He worked as a student assistant for the Data and Knowledge Engineering Institute, before he got involved in the SO-PC-Pro project at the Communications Engineering department. His research area is the vertical integration in future manufacturing companies. Pavol Terpak is a graduate of the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava in the area of modelling and simulation of event systems in the field of applied informatics. He participated in several development and advisory projects for customers from both public and private sectors. In custom development area, he was member of analytical team that built the egovernment service portal which enables provision of electronic services for citizens and organizations in several municipalities in Slovakia. Regarding advisory projects, he has been focused on business transformation projects and responsible for their delivery and their profit and loss. In addition, he has been involved in the knowledge discovery R&D project with a goal of discovering new processes for extracting knowledge from data. Alexandra Totter holds a Masters degree in Occupational Psychology from the University of Vienna (Austria). She has worked in the field of work stress, task appropriateness, computer-supported collaborative work, technology-enhanced learning and empirical evaluation research. She has participated in a number of EU supported R&D projects and programmes (e.g. AVANTI, lab@future).