BECOMING CITIES OF THE FUTURE Lessons learned from experimenting smart cities October 2016
Contents Introduction... 3 Methodology... 3 Key findings... 4 Annex I: List of cities interviewed... 5 Annex II: List of smart city projects selected... 6 Barcelona... 6 Bologna... 6 Eindhoven and Manchester... 7 Gothenburg... 7 Lisbon... 8 Rijeka... 8 Stockholm... 9 Tampere... 9 Vienna... 10 Annex III: Questionnaire submitted to cities... 11 October 2016 www.eurocities.eu Becoming cities of the future 2
Introduction This report brings together lessons learned and best practices from smart city projects in which EUROCITIES members have been involved since 2010. It builds on the results of research on smart cities, aimed at understanding what cities had been undertaking to become smart cities, how their projects were linked to their smart city strategy and vision, and what lessons could be learned to guide future planning. This report complements and supports EUROCITIES ongoing work on smart cities such as the policy statement Smarter cities: city-led, citizens-focused published in June 2016 1. Methodology: This research was developed as part of the activities of the smart cities WG within the EUROCITIES Knowledge Society Forum and led by the city of Manchester. It involved cities from knowledge society forum membership who had undertaken large smart cities projects since 2010. It was agreed to focus on EU funded projects as these would have the most value to the broader EUROCITIES membership, because of their innovative nature and their potential for replication. The research focused on outcomes and on lessons rather than the more formal aspects of funded projects. Although we had identified up to 25 cities for possible inclusion, given the resources available we set a target of 10 interviews. A short questionnaire was developed and individual interviews were undertaken between September 2015 and March 2016. A number of key findings were identified which can be useful both internally to EUROCITIES membership but also to EU policy makers for future funding programmes, calls for proposals and policy developments related to smart cities. Among the different findings, we tried to determine the measures of success for smart city projects. As well as achieving the projects targets, addressing urban regeneration and mobility problems seemed particularly important for cities; whilst engagement with citizens, breaking down internal barriers and working with the businesses towards innovation were reported as a success. All these aspects are in line with the knowledge society forum strategy adopted by members in 2016 and which is currently under implementation. Members are therefore able to address these findings from several different perspectives (e.g. organisational development, data, and standards.) 1 http://www.eurocities.eu/eurocities/documents/eurocities-statement-smarter-cities-city-led-citizen-focused-wspo-aawlyf October 2016 www.eurocities.eu Becoming cities of the future 3
Key findings: Smart city strategies tend to evolve from the work already taking place in the city, rather than being the initial driver. Being involved in a smart city project enables cities to develop a broader smart city vision. This starts a chain reaction: cities take part in a number of different new smart cities projects and activities. In the case of Gothenburg, the city is working to become a smart city and is currently involved in three smart city projects. They are trying to build up their strategy from the smart city projects they are involved in. Thus, being involved in a smart city project can be a stepping stone to help cities becoming smarter. While smart city projects tend to follow the priorities set up at EU level (energy efficiency, environment, mobility and ICT), urban regeneration and the related social benefits (e.g. regeneration of a poorer area) are also seen as important aspects of the smart city activity. Catering for those priorities within EU funded projects would be important for our cities to implement an integrated approach instead of a thematically focused one. Governance is critical to project success. The partnership nature of the projects which bring people from different organisations together is a challenge. Good planning and commitment to work together can really improve chances of success. A positive aspect can be that these projects allow the development of new working methods within the city administration. In Eindhoven, for example, the Triangulum project helped to speed up the process of breaking down silos within the administration, and to reorganise budget and personnel. A strong focus on citizen engagement and service design is important for the success of a project. The projects ensure that the investments are used to respond to citizens needs while bringing positive outcomes in terms of social inclusion. As pointed out by Tampere: Citizens need to be involved even before the development of the project so they take ownership of the decisions made. The importance of involving citizens in the projects is then also reflected in the cities governance models and it becomes part of their smart city strategies. Having the right technical skills and an effective management structure, one that is accountable and responsive, as well as good international and local partners, are crucial indicators for the success of the project. Involving local SMEs can have a positive impact on boosting the local innovation ecosystems. The ability to develop technological platforms and deploy IT solutions through a project provide a longer lasting technological legacy of some pilot projects with broader benefits for the city. However, longer term funding remains challenging for cities. New sources of funding to go beyond pilots and to implement long term sustainable policies are necessary. In this sense, the identification of new funding models by the Commission would be very helpful. October 2016 www.eurocities.eu Becoming cities of the future 4
Annex I: List of cities interviewed 10 cities from 9 European member states Barcelona Bologna Eindhoven Gothenburg Lisbon Manchester Rijeka Stockholm Tampere Vienna October 2016 www.eurocities.eu Becoming cities of the future 5
Annex II: List of smart city projects selected Project: DC4CITIES Environmentally sustainable data centre for smart cities City interviewed: Barcelona Duration: November 2013 March 2016 Description: The goal of DC4CITIES is to make existing and new data centres become energy adaptive. The adaptive concept is means that ecofriendly data centre energy policies need to : adapt the power consumption to the availability of renewable energy adapt to the requests received by the Smart City Energy Management authority. Contact: Joan Battle Montserrat, Institut de Cultura de Barcelona (ICUB) jbattle@bcn.cat www.dc4cities.eu Project: SMARTiP Smart Metropolitan Areas Realised Through Innovation and People City interviewed: Bologna Duration: November 2010 April 2013 Description: The SMARTiP project aims to use open innovation initiatives to help smart citizens co-produce innovative internet-enabled public services within emerging smart cities. The aim was to enable the adoption of open platforms for the co-production of citizen-centric Internet-enabled services in five test-bed sites, Manchester, Ghent, Cologne, Bologna and Oulu. The objective is to enhance the ability of the cities to grow and sustain a smart city ecosystem, which can support new opportunities emerging for a dynamic co-production process resulting in more inclusive, higher quality and efficient public services, which can then be made replicable and scalable for cross-border deployment on a larger scale. Contact: Giovanni Farneti, Responsible for the digital agenda within the ICT department and local coordination of the project, City of Bologna, Giovanni.Farneti@comune.bologna.it joinup.ec.europa.eu/community/epractice/case/smartip-smartmetropolitan-areas-realised-through-innovation-people October 2016 www.eurocities.eu Becoming cities of the future 6
Project: City interviewed: Duration: Description: TRIANGULUM Eindhoven and Manchester, lighthouse partners February 2015 January 2020 (ongoing) The three point project Triangulum is one of the three European Smart Cities and Communities Lighthouse Projects, set to demonstrate, disseminate and replicate solutions and frameworks for Europe s future smart cites. In Eindhoven (NL) two districts will be transformed into sustainable living environments during the course of the project. A district-wide ICT solution will allow residents to access different kinds of infrastructure, such as booking electric vehicles from a district car sharing scheme or using smart parking concepts. In addition, electric buses will make city traffic more eco-friendly. In Manchester (UK) Triangulum will transform a student quarter for ca. 72,000 students into a smart city district. This will entail renovating historical buildings and setting up an autonomous energy grid to supply the entire district with heat and electricity. The grid will combine geothermal and district heating with two independently operating electricity grids and a fuel cell that can store excess energy. Contact: Michelle Oddy, Local Coordinator, Manchester City Council, m.oddy@manchester.gov.uk Henk Kok, Local Coordinator, City of Eindhoven, h.kok@eindhoven.nl triangulum-project.eu Project: City interviewed: Duration: Description: Contact: EU-GUGLE Gothenburg April 2013 March 2018 (on-going) EU-GUGLE aims to demonstrate the feasibility of nearly-zero energy building renovation models in six pilot cities in view of triggering large-scale, Europe-wide replication in smart cities and communities by 2020. Wenche Lerme, wenche.lerme@angered.goteborg.se eu-gugle.eu/project October 2016 www.eurocities.eu Becoming cities of the future 7
Project: BESOS project City interviewed: Lisbon Duration: October 2013 September 2016 Description: BESOS is an EU Research and Development project funded by the European Commission in the context of the 7th Framework Programme that proposes the development of an advanced, integrated, management system enabling energy efficiency in smart cities from a holistic perspective. The Energy Management Systems deployed in a typical district consuming or producing energy will be able to share data and services through an open trustworthy platform between themselves and external third party applications. This enables the design and development of higher level applications i.e. the Business Balanced score Card and DSS Cockpit that are able to process real-time data and generate valuable analysis to influence the business and Monitoring and Control (M&C) strategies that operate a smart city or a subset of the energy services deployed. Contact: Francisco Goncalves, Project coordinator, Lisboa e-nova Lisbon s Energy Agency, franciscogoncalves@lisboaenova.org besos-project.eu/about-besos/mission-objectives Project: iurban City interviewed: Rijeka Duration: October 2013 September 2016 Description: The iurban tool will address increasing market demands for cheaper, cleaner energy services. It is being designed with the direct involvement of end-users local residents, energy companies and public administration. Contact: Tatjana Perse, Head of egovernment Unit, City of Rijeka, Tatjana.perse@rijeka.hr www.iurban-project.eu/pilots/rijeka.html October 2016 www.eurocities.eu Becoming cities of the future 8
Project: GROW SMARTER: transforming cities for a smart, sustainable Europe City interviewed: Stockholm Duration: January 2015 December 2019 Description: In a rapidly urbanising world, cities need to become smarter to respond to citizen needs and to reduce their environmental footprint. GrowSmarter brings together cities and industry to integrate and demonstrate 12 smart city solutions in energy, infrastructure and transport, to provide other cities with valuable insights on how they work in practice and opportunities for replication. Project goals: improve the quality of life for European citizens through better mobility, housing and the quality of urban infrastructure, while lowering energy costs creats as much as 1500 new jobs (on the demonstration level) reduce the environmental impact by lowering energy needs by 60% and increased use of renewable energy thus reducing GHG emissions create sustainable economic development by demonstrating and preparing a wider rollout Contact: Mika Hakosalo, Project manager, City of Stockholm, mika.hakosalo@stockholm.se www.grow-smarter.eu/lighthouse-cities/stockholm/ Project: T-SENIORITY : Expanding the benefits of Information Society to Older People Through Digital TV Channels City interviewed: Tampere Duration: July 2008 December 2010 Description: T-Seniority is an innovative ICT-solution focusing on areas of public interest that directly address ICT and the main themes of the i2010 in 2007. T-Seniority is working on ICT for accessibility, ageing and social integration, reinforcing both European and existing national initiatives. ICT services, skills, and content are a growing part of the economy and society. T-Seniority is working to achieve an inclusive European information society that is consistent with sustainable development and that prioritises better public services and quality of life; therefore fully in line with the EU strategic framework i2010. Contact: Mia Vaelna, Planning officer, City of Tampere, mia.vaelma@tampere.fi tseniority.idieikon.com/index.php/lang-en/pilots October 2016 www.eurocities.eu Becoming cities of the future 9
Project: TRANSFORM (TRANSFORMation Agenda for Law Carbon Cities) City interviewed: Vienna Duration: January 2013 June 2015 Description: TRANSFORM is/was a European collaboration of European cities, including Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Genoa, Hamburg, Vienna and Lyon and thirteen partners working together to improve their policy and programs to lower carbon dioxide emissions. TRANSFORM developed several tools, methods, instructions and formats to support energy transition in our cities, which were designed and tested. Contact: Ina Homeier-Mendes, Head of Smart City Unit, Department of Urban Development and Planning, City of Vienna and TRANSFORM WP4 leader, ina.homeier@wien.gv.at urbantransform.eu October 2016 www.eurocities.eu Becoming cities of the future 10
Annex III: Questionnaire submitted to cities A: About your project 1. What is your role in the city? e.g. which department do you sit in, what is your relationship to smart city projects 2. Has your city a smart city strategy or vision or programme? e.g. and if so where does it sit, has it multiple partners etc. 3. What is/are the smart city project/s that your city has undertaken since 2010? e.g. what are the projects, what were the timescales, how were they funded, what is their status (ongoing, completed, just started) 4. When you started on the project what was the aim and what were your objectives? Has the project succeeded in meeting some/all/none of these expectations? B: Lessons learned 5. What have you learned from the project? e.g. Did your plans match the outcomes, did you need to change the project as it went along, had you the right partners/skills/resources, where were the successes, where were the failures 6. If you were starting the project now what would you change? e.g. different partners, different focus, more use of SMEs etc, technology changes 7. What were the things (if any) that made it possible to achieve your aims? e.g. resources, vision, political buy in, technical expertise, structures 8. What were the things (if any) that made it difficult to achieve your aims? C: The future 9. Are you developing your vision in any way based upon your experience? 10. Are you using any smart city frameworks or measurements? October 2016 www.eurocities.eu Becoming cities of the future 11
11. What would you like to see in place to enable better outcomes in the future? e.g. More money, better expertise, consultants, technical improvements, better local ecology 12. What would you like to see EUROCITIES do? e.g. Research like this, a mission statement, adoption of frameworks, higher level advocacy, better links with industry 13. What would you like to see the European Commission do? e.g. Different funding models, digital single market, standards, frameworks etc. October 2016 www.eurocities.eu Becoming cities of the future 12