Womn in Scinc and Tchnology: Philippins 18 January 2008 ESTER B. OGENA, Ph.D. Scinc Education Institut Dpartmnt of Scinc and Tchnology Philippins
Country Profil Gnral Status of Filipino Womn
Status of Filipino Womn Population Gndr-Disaggrgatd Population Data by Ag Group 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Lif Expctancy at Birth: 67.8 yrs (2005) LEGEND: (in 1,000 as of Yar 2000) Mn AGE GROUP 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80 & Ovr Womn Lif Expctancy at Birth: 72.5 yrs (2005) SOURCE: 2000 Cnsus of Population and Housing (CPH), National Statistics Offic (NSO), http://www.cnsus.gov.ph
Status of Filipino Womn in EDUCATION
Status of Filipino Womn in Education 100 Simpl Litracy of Womn, 15-24 Yars Old, by Yar 90 80 70 60 50 YEAR 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 89.8 1990 100 94 1994 100 92.5 2000 100 94.3 Litracy Rat of Womn (%) 2003 Ratio of Litrat Womn to Mn (pr 100 Mn) 102 SOURCE: 2000 FLEMMS (Functional Litracy, Education and Mass Mdia Survy), NSO, http://www.cnsus.gov.ph
Status of Filipino Womn in Education Functional Litracy by Sx, 10-64 Yars Old (2003) 100 75 50 73.2 25 0 AGE GROUP 10-14 0 25 50 75 100 80.3 86.1 88.7 15-19 20-24 91.5 93.3 86.6 83.7 25-29 30-39 90.2 87.6 81.5 77.0 40-49 50-59 85.4 78.2 67.9 60-64 67.0 81.9 ALL (10-64) 86.3 LEGEND: Mn Womn SOURCE: 2003 FLEMMS, NSO, http://www.cnsus.gov.ph
Status of Filipino Womn in Education 100 Enrolmnt in Primary, Scondary and Trtiary Education by Sx and Ratio of Fmals to Mals 50 0 0 50 100 51.6 48.4 PRIMARY (AY 2004-05) 94 48.6 51.4 SECONDARY (AY 2002-03) 106 45.8 54.2 TERTIARY (AY 2004-05) 118 Prcnt Enrolmnt (%) LEGEND: Womn Mn Numbr of Fmals pr 100 Mals SOURCE: Unpublishd Statistical Data from th Dpartmnt of Education (DpEd) and AY 2004-05 Statistical Bulltin of th Commission on Highr Education (CHED)
Status of Filipino Womn in Education (226,639)* Total Numbr of Graduats: 386,920 Lvl Graduats by Sx (AY 2003-2004) 58.6% 41.4%Fmal*( ) Actual Count MaPrcntag Distribution of Highr Education l(160,281) SOURCE: AY 2004-05 Statistical Bulltin, CHED
Status of Filipino Womn in Education Prcntag Distribution of Graduats by Sx and Dgr Program Lvl 80 (AY 2003-2004) P r c n t a g 60 40 20 0 BS MS PhD Mal 41.2 39.2 39.3 Fmal 58.8 60.8 60.7 SOURCE: AY 2004-05 Statistical Bulltin, CHED
Status of Filipino Womn in S&T Education Enrolmnt in Highr Education by Disciplin by Sx (AY 2004-2005) Disciplin Total Mal Fmal Prcnt of Womn All Disciplins 2,402,315 1,100,199 1,302,116 54.2 Natural Scincs 23,458 8,011 15,447 65.8 Mathmatics & Computr Scinc 240,178 121,986 118,192 49.2 Enginring & Tchnology 321,660 247,289 74,371 23.1 Mdical & Allid 445,729 142,971 302,758 67.9 Agricultural, Forstry, Fishris, Vt Md 70,824 36,135 34,689 49.0 Othrs (Non-S&T) 1,300,466 543,807 756,659 58.2 SOURCE: AY 2004-05 Statistical Bulltin, CHED
Status of Filipino Womn in S&T Education 100 Enrolmnt in Highr Education by Disciplin by Sx and Ratio of Fmals to Mals 50 (AY 2004-2005) 0 0 100 200 34.2 65.8 Natural Scinc 193 50.8 49.2 Math & Comp Sci 97 76.9 23.1 Engg & Tch 30 32.1 67.9 Mdical & Allid 212 51.0 41.8 49.0 58.2 Agri/ Forstry Fishris/Vt Md Othrs (non-s&t) 96 139 45.8 54.2 Prcnt Enrolmnt (%) All Filds LEGEND: Womn Mn 118 Numbr of Fmals pr 100 Mals SOURCE: AY 2004-05 Statistical Bulltin, CHED
Status of Filipino Womn in S&T Education Graduats by Disciplin by Sx (AY 2003-2004) Disciplin Total Mal Fmal Prcnt of Womn All Disciplins 386,920 160,281 226,639 58.6 Natural Scincs 4,209 1,400 2,809 66.7 Mathmatics & Computr Scinc 35,367 15,224 20,143 57.0 Enginring & Tchnology 50,679 37,500 13,179 26.0 Mdical & Allid 41,688 10,790 30,898 74.1 Agricultural, Forstry, Fishris, Vt Md 13,154 6,326 6,828 51.9 Othrs (Non-S&T) 241,823 89,041 152,782 63.2 SOURCE: AY 2004-05 Statistical Bulltin, CHED
Status of Filipino Womn in S&T Education 100 Graduats in Highr Education by Disciplin by Sx and Ratio of Fmals to Mals 50 (AY 2003-2004) 0 0 100 200 300 33.3 66.7 Natural Scinc 201 43.0 57.0 Math & Comp Sci 132 74.0 26.0 Engg & Tch 35 25.9 74.1 Mdical & Allid 286 48.1 36.8 51.9 63.2 Agri/ Forstry Fishris/Vt Md Othrs (non-s&t) 108 172 41.4 58.6 Prcnt Enrolmnt (%) All Filds LEGEND: Womn Mn 141 Numbr of Fmals pr 100 Mals SOURCE: AY 2004-05 Statistical Bulltin, CHED
Status of Filipino Womn in S&T Education Graduats in Highr Education By Dgr Program (AY 2003-2004) Fild of Study Baccalaurat Mal Fmal Mal Mastr's Fmal Mal Doctoral Fmal All Disciplins 130,190 185,738 5,427 8,416 598 924 Natural Scincs 1,338 2,704 59 94 3 10 Mathmatics & Computr Scinc 10,894 14,278 107 96 3 3 Enginring & Tchnology 29,388 10,244 215 90 3 3 Mdical & Allid 7,709 18,694 176 536 2 2 Agricultural, Forstry, Fishris, Vt Md 4,854 5,415 125 133 33 30 Othrs (Non-S&T) 76,007 134,403 4,745 7,467 554 876 SOURCE: AY 2004-05 Statistical Bulltin, CHED
Status of Filipino Womn in S&T Education 100 BS Dgr Graduats by Disciplin by Sx (AY 2003-2004) P r c n t a g 80 60 40 20 0 All Disciplins Natural Scinc Math & Computr Scinc Engg & Tchnology Mdical & Allid Agri/Forst /Fish./Vt Md. Othr Disciplins (Non-S&T) Mal 41.2 33.1 43.3 74.2 29.2 47.3 36.1 Fmal 58.8 66.9 56.7 25.8 70.8 52.7 63.9 SOURCE: AY 2004-05 Statistical Bulltin, CHED
Status of Filipino Womn in S&T Education P r c n t a g 100 80 60 40 20 0 PhD Dgr Graduats by Disciplin by Sx All Disciplins Natural Scinc SOURCE: AY 2004-05 Statistical Bulltin, CHED (AY 2003-2004) Math & Computr Scinc Engg & Tchnology Mdical & Allid Agri/Forst /Fish./Vt Md. Othr Disciplins (Non-S&T) Mal 39.3 23.1 50 50 50 52.4 38.7 Fmal 60.7 76.9 50 50 50 47.6 61.3
Status of Filipino Womn in S&T Education 100 MS Dgr Graduats by Disciplin by Sx (AY 2003-2004) P r c n t a g 80 60 40 20 0 All Disciplins Natural Scinc Math & Computr Scinc Engg & Tchnology Mdical & Allid Agri/Forst /Fish./Vt Md. Othr Disciplins (Non-S&T) Mal 39.2 38.6 52.7 70.5 24.7 48.4 38.9 Fmal 60.8 61.4 47.3 29.5 75.3 51.6 61.1 SOURCE: AY 2004-05 Statistical Bulltin, CHED
Status of Filipino Womn in S&T Education Graduats in Highr Education By Dgr Program (AY 2003-2004) Fild of Study Baccalaurat Mal Fmal Mal Mastr's Fmal Mal Doctoral Fmal All Disciplins 130,190 185,738 5,427 8,416 598 924 Natural Scincs 1,338 2,704 59 94 3 10 Mathmatics & Computr Scinc 10,894 14,278 107 96 3 3 Enginring & Tchnology 29,388 10,244 215 90 3 3 Mdical & Allid 7,709 18,694 176 536 2 2 Agricultural, Forstry, Fishris, Vt Md 4,854 5,415 125 133 33 30 Othrs (Non-S&T) 76,007 134,403 4,745 7,467 554 876 SOURCE: AY 2004-05 Statistical Bulltin, CHED
Mdical and Allid Filds Comparison of Mal-Fmal Data in Highr Education
Status of Filipino Womn in RESEARCH and DEVELOPMENT
Status of Filipino Womn in R&D 100 Numbr of R&D Prsonnl by Sctor by Sx and Ratio of Fmals to Mals (2003) 50 0 0 100 51.4 48.6 Govrnmnt 95 45.7 54.4 Highr Educ 119 54.3 45.7 Privat Non- Profit 84 49.7 50.3 Privat Businss 101 48.9 51.1 All Filds 104 Prcnt Enrolmnt (%) LEGEND: Womn Mn Numbr of Fmals pr 100 Mals SOURCE: 2003 R&D Survy, Dpartmnt of Scinc and Tchnology (DOST)
Status of Filipino Womn in R&D in S&T 100 Numbr of Scintists and Enginrs Engagd in R&D by Sctor by Sx and Ratio of Fmals to Mals 50 0 0 100 45.5 54.5 Govrnmnt 120 43.4 56.6 Highr Educ 131 48.5 51.5 Privat Non-Profit 106 No brakdown givn Prcnt Enrolmnt (%) Privat Businss LEGEND: Womn Mn Numbr of Fmals pr 100 Mals SOURCE: 2003 R&D Survy, Dpartmnt of Scinc and Tchnology (DOST)
Status of Filipino Womn in R&D in S&T 100 Scintists and Enginrs Engagd in R&D in th Various Sctors by Fild by Sx 50 0 0 50 100 50.1 51.3 41.3 37.5 42.5 45.0 62.5 50.8 30.4 32.8 Govrnmnt Highr Education 49.9 48.7 58.7 62.5 57.5 55.0 37.5 49.2 69.6 67.2 LEGEND: 87.9 85.7 MALES Nat Sci 42.9 25.0 33.8 Privat Non- Profit SOURCE: 2003 R&D Survy, Dpartmnt of Scinc and Tchnology (DOST) 12.1 14.3 57.1 75.0 66.2 FEMALES Eng & Tch Agri Sci Md Sci Soc Sci
Status of Filipino Womn in ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION, LABOR and EMPLOYMENT
m61.5%falmalstatus of Filipino Womn in Economic Participation, Labor and Employmnt (12.8 M)* 38.5% Employd Prsons by Sx, 2006 (20.4 M) Total Numbr of Employd Prsons: 33.2 Million SOURCE: 2006 Labor Forc Survy, NSO (http://www.cnsus.gov.ph )
Status of Filipino Womn in Economic Participation, Labor and Employmnt Labor Forc Statistics by Sx P r c n t a g 100 80 60 40 20 0 Labor Forc Participation Rat Employmnt Rat Unmploymnt Rat Mal 79.1 92.4 7.6 Fmal 48.8 93.2 6.8 SOURCE: 2006 Labor Forc Survy, NSO (http://www.cnsus.gov.ph )
Status of Filipino Womn in Economic Participation, Labor and Employmnt P r c n t a g 80 60 40 20 0 Distribution of Wag and Salary Workrs by Basic Pay Pr Day and Sx <P100 (<$2.22)* P100-149 $2.22-3.32) P150-199 ($3.33-4.43) P200-249 ($4.44-5.55) P250-499 ($5.56-11.10) P500 & Mor (>= $11.11) Not Rportd Mal 40.3 68.5 73.2 71.3 65.4 52.9 73.2 Fmal 59.7 31.5 26.8 28.7 34.6 47.1 26.8 * at P45 pr $1.00 Man Basic Pay pr Day P246.13 ($5.47) P244.48 ($5.43) SOURCE: 2004 Labor Forc Survy, NSO (http://www.cnsus.gov.ph )
Status of Filipino Womn in Economic Participation, Labor and Employmnt Employd Prsons by Primary Occupation by Sx 120 P r c n t a g 100 80 60 40 20 0 Officials/ Excutivs Profssionals Tchnicians Clrks Machin Srvic Workrs Trads Oprators Laborrs Spcial Occupations Mal 60.9 30.8 47.3 36.9 96.1 82.1 88.9 64.5 88.4 Fmal 39.1 69.2 52.8 63.1 3.9 17.9 11.2 35.5 11.6 SOURCE: 2004 Labor Forc Survy, NSO (http://www.cnsus.gov.ph )
Status of Filipino Womn in Economic Participation, Labor and Employmnt 120 Employd Prsons in Industris by Sx P r c n t a g 100 80 60 40 20 0 Agri/Fo rstry Fishing Manufa cturing Elc/G as/wat r Constr uction Mining/ Quarryi ng Trad Trans/ Comm Financi ng Hotl/R st Ral Estat Priv Educ Halth/ Soc Work Othrs Mal 81.7 93.6 50.3 81.5 92.9 91.6 56.3 76.1 39.6 59.4 73.8 36.1 33.1 97.4 Fmal 18.3 6.4 49.7 18.5 7.1 8.4 43.7 23.9 60.4 40.6 26.2 63.9 66.9 2.6 SOURCE: 2004 Labor Forc Survy, NSO (http://www.cnsus.gov.ph )
Status of Filipino Womn in Economic Participation, Labor and Employmnt 100 Ovrsas Filipino Workrs by Ag by Sx (2004) 50 0 0 100 200 300 27.2 42.3 50.0 52.6 63.8 66.8 72.8 57.7 50.0 47.4 36.2 33.2 AGE GROUP 15-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45 yrs & Ovr 57 50 100 91 136 265 51.1 48.9 ALL 96 LEGEND: Mn Womn SOURCE: 2004 Survy on Ovrsas Filipinos, NSO (http://www.cnsus.gov.ph )
Status of Filipino Womn in Economic Participation, Labor and Employmnt Ovrsas Filipino Workrs by Ag by Sx (2004) 100 50 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 86.7 13.3 Managr/Exc 15 39.5 60.5 Profssionals 156 55.6 44.4 Tch/Assoc Prof 80 44.3 55.7 Clrks 125 43.1 56.9 Srvic/Sals Workrs 132 89.0 11.0 Tradrs 13 87.9 12.1 Machin Oprators 14 15.2 87.8 Laborrs/ Unskilld 556 Prcnt Enrolmnt (%) LEGEND: Womn Numbr of Fmals pr 100 Mals Mn SOURCE: 2004 Survy on Ovrsas Filipinos, NSO (http://www.cnsus.gov.ph )
Status of Filipino Womn in DECISION MAKING
Status of Filipino Womn in Dcision Making 100 Womn in Lgislativ Bodis (as of Novmbr 2007) P r c n t a g 80 60 40 20 0 Snat Hous of Rprsntativs Mal 82.6 (19)* 79.2 Fmal 17.4 ( 4) 20.8 *( ) actual count SOURCE: http://www.snat.gov.ph and http://www.congrss.gov.ph (190) ( 50)
Status of Filipino Womn in Dcision Making 100 Womn in Politics and Govrnanc 80 60 40 20 0 Cabint Mmbr Govrnor Vic Govrnor Mayor Vic Mayor Mal 90.5 81 92.4 84.9 85.6 Fmal 9.5 19 7.6 15.1 14.4 (Data as of Fbruary 2005, xcpt for Cabint Mmbrs, which rflct Novmbr 2007 data) SOURCE: http://www.gov.ph/dirctory
Status of Filipino Womn in Dcision Making in S&T Womn in th Dpartmnt of Scinc and Tchnology (as of Novmbr 2007) DOST Agncis Mal Fmal Prcnt of Womn Cntral Offic Scrtary Undrscrtaris Assistant Scrtaris Sctoral Planning Councils Excutiv Dirctor R&D Instituts Dirctor S&T Srvic Instituts Dirctor Advisory Srvics Dirctor Rgional Offics Dirctor 0 2 1 5 4 2 1 9 1 1 2 0 3 4 1 6 100.0 33.3 66.7 0.0 42.9 66.7 50.0 40.0 Total 24 18 42.9 SOURCE: DOST Planning Srvic, Dirctory of Officials (2007)
Status of Filipino Womn in Comparison with Othr Countris
Status of Filipino Womn Global Comparison Intrnational Assssmnt Basd on Human Dvlopmnt Indics Indx Human Dvlopmnt Indx (HDI) Gndr Dvlopmnt Indx (GDI) GDI Valu (in % of HDI) Gndr Empowrmnt Indx (GEM) Rank 84 (177)* 36 (136) - 45 (75) Valu 0.763** 0.761 99.7% 0.526 *( ) numbr of countris includd in th assssmnt **Classifid Undr Mdium Human Dvlopmnt (HDI btwn 0.5 0.799) SOURCE: 2006 Human Dvlopmnt Rport, http://www.hdrstats.undp.org/
Status of Filipino Womn Global Comparison Intrnational Assssmnt Basd on 2007 Gndr Gap Rankings Indx/Sub-Indx Ovr-all Gndr Gap Indx Economic Participation and Opportunity Educational Attainmnt Halth and Survival Political Empowrmnt Rank* 6 2 1 1 14 Valu 76.3% 78.9% 100.0% 98.0% 28.3% *ranking basd on 115 countris includd in th assssmnt SOURCE:http://www.wforum.org/gndrgap
Enabling Mchanisms for th Filipino Womn
Status of Filipino Womn Enabling Mchanisms Govrnmnt Agncis National Commission on th Rol of Filipino Womn (NCRFW) Tchnical Education and Skills Dvlopmnt Authority (TESDA) Womn Cntr
Status of Filipino Womn Enabling Mchanisms Acadm/School or Univrsity-Basd Instituts Th Dvlopmnt Institut for Womn in Asia Pacific, Philippin Womn s Univrsity Institut of Womn s Studis, St. Scholastica s Collg Cntr for Womn s Studis, UP Diliman Cntr for Gndr and Womn Studis, UP Manila Womn and Gndr Institut, Miriam Collg Gndr and Dvlopmnt Cntr, Philippin Normal Univrsity
Status of Filipino Womn Enabling Mchanisms Privat Sctor/NGOs Womn Invntor s Association of th Philippins (WIAPI) Womn s Association of Scintists in th Philippins (WASP) Womn in Scinc and Tchnology Dvlopmnt Foundation (WISTDF) Womn Studis Association in th Philippins (WSAP)
Status of Filipino Womn Enabling Mchanisms Laws and Policis to Empowr Womn Philippin Constitution, Articl II, Sction 14 undr Dclaration of Principls and Stat Policis, rcognizs th rol of womn in nation building and nsurs th fundamntal quality bfor th law btwn mn and womn Rpublic Act (RA) No. 7192 known as Womn in Dvlopmnt and Nation Building Act Philippin Plan for Gndr-Rsponsivnss (1995-2025)
Status of Filipino Womn Enabling Mchanisms Laws and Policis to Empowr Womn RA 9336 or th GAD Budgt Policy, which mandats govrnmnt offics to allot 5% of MOOE for GAD-rlatd projcts RA 6725 strngthns th prohibition of discrimination against womn in mploymnt, promotion and training opportunitis RA 7160 also known as th Local Govrnmnt Cod (LGC), which has bn amndd to provid sats for womn in all of th 1,600 local lgislativ assmblis nationwid
Status of Filipino Womn Enabling Mchanisms Laws and Policis to Empowr Womn RA 7941 provids for th lction of party-list rprsntativs through th party-list systm and th inclusion of womn in th sctoral party list A lot mor laws that mpowr womn in aras such as, Employmnt/Economic; Politics; Halth and Social Wlfar; and Education
Bst Practics and Big Hurdls
Status of Filipino Womn Bst Practics Provision and monitoring of rlvant and timly sxdisaggrgatd data that srv as basis for advocacy work towards advancmnt of womn by govrnmnt agncis (NSO, NSCB, DpEd, CHED, DOST, DOLE, OWWA, DSWD, tc.) by privat institutions Rcognition of womn s work TOWNS (Th Outstanding Womn in th Nation s Srvic) Awards givn to womn who mad significant impact to th country s conomic and social dvlopmnt Outstanding Filipino womn in fishris and aquatic rsourcs
Status of Filipino Womn Bst Practics Implmntation of GAD-rlatd programs/projcts in various agncis mad possibl through RA 9336 (GAD Budgt Policy); som xampls ar: TESDA s Projct GREAT (Gndr Rsponsiv Employability And Training) for conomic mpowrmnt of womn Establishmnt of Day Car Cntrs in agncis such as th Philippin Information Agncy, Dpartmnt of Labor and Employmnt and th Dpartmnt of Scinc and Tchnology whr mploys could bring thir prschool childrn whil at work
Status of Filipino Womn Bst Practics In its fforts to addrss th issus of trafficking and illgal rcruitmnt, th Philippin Ports Authority stablishd a halfway hous calld "Bahay Silungan sa Daungan", litrally "Shltr at th Port" for displacd womn and childrn who may hav found thmslvs to b victims of trafficking
Status of Filipino Womn Bst Practics Partnrship btwn govrnmnt and privat agncis and NGOs in th implmntation of GADrlatd programs/projcts TESDA and JICA for Projct GREAT Philippin Information Agncy and Arugaan (an NGO) for its Day Car Cntr Philippin Ports Authority and th Visayan Forum Foundation for its Shltr at th Port"
Status of Filipino Womn Big Hurdls Although quality btwn mn and womn in th Philippins in trms of accss to ducation and dcnt living sm to hav bn achivd, fforts hav to b strngthnd in th following aras: Shar of womn in parliamntary, lgislativ and othr dcision-making positions in th govrnmnt and in th industry Shar of womn in S&T aras, spcifically, nginring and tchnology, which is dominatd by mn
Thank you. Maraming Salamat.