BDRECTONA DC-DC CONVERTER WTH FUZZY CONTROER FOR BATTERY HYBRD POWER GENERATORS Sonali M. Deshukhd 1, Pof.R. A. Meti Rajaabapu nstitute of Technology, Rajaanaga, slapu, Sangli (MS), Eail: sonalideshukh090693@gail.co 1, ajanikant.eti@itindia.edu Abstact n this pape a bidiectional esonant - convete is intoduced fo battey hybid powe geneatos. The bidiectional - convete consists of two stage, one is seies esonant convete and anothe is non isolated half bidge - convete. The zeo cuent switching is applied to seies esonant convete so switching losses ae educed. Due to the zeo cuent switching of the MOSFET s with high fequency, this convete topology have ipotant featues like low size, low weight and low cost. The cobination of P and Fuzzy contolle is used fo non-isolated convete. The high side voltage and low side voltage ae egulated efficiently due to P-Fuzzy contolle. The application of two stage bidiectional - convete is in uninteupted powe syste to povide additional powe to citical ac loads. The MATAB siulation of step-up and stepdown ode of bidiectional - convete ae povided to validate pefoance of poposed two stage bidiectional - convete. Keywods: Bidiectional DC-DC Convete (BDC), seies esonant convete (SRC), zeo cuent switching (ZCS), hybid powe geneatos, P contolle, Fuzzy contolle, MATAB/SMUNK. NOMENCATURE Resonant nductance C Resonant Capacitance f Resonant Fequency Dd On-Tie duty cycle of SRC Ts f s1 f s VH V S VSH VS KP Switching fequency of the SRC Switching fequency of non-isolated convete High Side Voltage of BDC ow side Voltage of BDC Magnetizing cuent of SRC ow side cuent of SRC Resonant cuent of the SRC ow side cuent of SRC High Side voltage of SRC ow side voltage of SRC Piay side leakage inducto cuent of SRC KS Seconday side eakage nducto Cuent of SRC. NTRODUCTON Nowadays deand of powe has inceased in vaious sectos such as T copanies, banks, hospitals, esidential buildings etc. The continuous powe supply is equied in these facilities, so use of uninteuptible powe supply syste, standby o eegency geneato is inceased. n utility powe failue condition these standby o geneatos ae used fo backup powe supply [1]. n the event of loss of utility powe these standby o diesel geneato syste fails to supply loads when powe geneated by geneato is less than powe equied by loads. The geneato systes ae unable to counte sudden changes in loads so he powe balancing between geneato and load is equied and fo this pupose enegy stoed battey systes ae equied[3][4]. The bidiectional - tansfe equied to exchange powe between battey SSN (PRNT): 393-8374, (ONNE): 394-0697, VOUME-3, SSUE-5, 016 68
NTERNATONA JOURNA OF CURRENT ENGNEERNG AND SCENTFC RESEARCH (JCESR) syste and est of syste. The bidiectional convete has ability to evese the diection of cuent flow and thee by powe, so the use of bidiectional - convete has inceased. Thee ae diffeent application of BDC such as in enewable enegy systes, hybid vehicles, hybid powe geneatos and uninteuptible powe supplies. The one of the application of BDC is in hybid powe geneatos. The block diaga of battey hybid powe geneato syste is shown in fig. 1. The BDC is placed between high voltage bus and low voltage bus. When geneato powe is less than load then bidiectional - convete should tansfe powe to balance the ac load though battey dischaging. When the geneato balances the load and the battey voltage is less than ated voltage then BDC should chages the battey. Fig.1 Battey Hybid Powe Geneato Syste Thee ae ain two type of - convete, isolated and non-isolated convete. The nonisolated convete has oe advantages than isolated convete such as high efficiency and copactness. The diffeent topologies of BDC consists of half bidge, full bidge, and pushpull pulse width odulation (PWM) convete [10],[11],dual active bidge (DAB) convetes[1],[13][14], and two stage convetes [15],[16].A dawback of PWM convete is high tun off switching losses [17]. The dual active bidge convete is pobleatic in low powe application due to high ipple cuent [13].The dawback of conventional convetes ae high switching losses, coplex contol technique, coplex switching ethod, high cost lage size. So to ovecoe such dawback bidiectional - convete with ZCS and P-fuzzy contolle is poposed. n this pape a two stage bidiectional - convete is intoduced with ZCS and cobined P-fuzzy contolle. The BDC consists of half bidge - convete and seies esonant convete. The ZCS educes switching losses in convete. The zeo cuent switching is used to contol seies esonant convete. The P-fuzzy contol is used to contol non-isolated convete. The eaining pape is oganized as: section descibes the poposed two stage BDC. The next section deals with odes of opeation of SRC. The section V consists of contol stategy of BDC. The section V epesents siulation esults of BDC in both step down and step up condition. The section V includes conclusion.. PROPOSED TWO STAGE BDC The two stage bidiectional - convete consist of non-isolated convete and seies loaded esonant convete. n this the high side voltage is connected at non-isolated convete. This non-isolated convete is used fo contolling eithe high-side voltage o low side voltage. The seies esonant convete is opeated at fixed fequency. n fist stage, nonisolated convete convets DC-DC voltage. The obtained DC voltage is then conveted to AC voltage by half bidge convete cicuit. This ac voltage is step-downed using tansfoe with tun s atio 8:1. The conveted AC voltage is then conveted into DC voltage using full bidge ectifie cicuit. The zeo cuent soft switching technique is used fo seies esonant convete egadless of change in voltage o load. The cobined P-fuzzy contolle is used to contol non-isolated convete to egulate eithe high side voltage o low side voltage. Fig. Two stage bidiectional - convete. MODES OF OPERATON OF SRC The opeation of SRC is based on fixed fequency and fixed duty with iniu cuent and voltage ating. The zeo cuent switching technique is used fo contolling of SRC. The ZCS causes to educe switching losses. Thee ae two odes of opeation of SRC. Modes of opeation and key-wavefos of seies loaded esonant convete ae shown in fig.3, 4 and fig.5 espectively. The expession of angula esonant fequency of SRC can deteined by, SSN (PRNT): 393-8374, (ONNE): 394-0697, VOUME-3, SSUE-5, 016 69
NTERNATONA JOURNA OF CURRENT ENGNEERNG AND SCENTFC RESEARCH (JCESR) 1 f (1). C The expession of esonant inductance can be deteined by,. n ks kp n () The expession of esonant capacitance can be deteined by, C C C (3) 1 A. Mode (to-t1) n this ode switch and switch ae on. The on tie duty cycle should be selected as. The low side cuent can be expessed as, i t sint (4) The voltage acoss can be deteined by nv n nv ks, i t t sint (5) Theefoe fo (4) and (5) can be deteined by nv n nv ks,, i t t sin t n (6) The esonant cuent can then be obtained using (4) and (6) by di vs 1 t V ks (7) dt Neglecting voltage oscillation afte tuning ON of S, the voltage acoss low side switch S1 at Mode (t0 t1) is expessed as, ks, VS, off V (8) Fig. 3 Mode of SRC ks The tun-off voltage of low side switch can be obtained by, ks, vs, off t V (9) t should be noted that VS,off should be geate than zeo fo the poposed opeation. Theefoe, fo (4) and (9) the seconday side leakage inductance should be liited such as 4V ks (10), B. Mode (t1-t) n opeating ode of SRC all switches ae in off condition. The dead tie is given to switches to avoid shot cicuit. As is chosen lage so,pk is vey sall so thee is less switching losses. The output capacitos of SH1 and SH ae chaged and dischaged, espectively by,pk, as shown in Fig. 3. The chaging and dischaging opeation ay not be copleted at the end of Mode if,pk is not sufficiently lage, which ay lead to a nonzeo tun-on voltage of high and low side switches. The tun-on voltages of the high and low side, switches can be deteined espectively by n, pk DdTs VSH, on vsh t Vi (11) n C C Fig.4 Mode of SRC V S, on (1) OSSp OSSp OSSs 4 V ks,, pk i n C D d T C s OSSs Fig.5 shows the key-wavefo of SRC. The switches SH and S1 ae tuned ON with ZCS, but thee exists tun-on losses of high- and low side switches associated with enegy stoed in MOSFET s output capacitances as follows [18], [19]. SSN (PRNT): 393-8374, (ONNE): 394-0697, VOUME-3, SSUE-5, 016 70
NTERNATONA JOURNA OF CURRENT ENGNEERNG AND SCENTFC RESEARCH (JCESR) P SH, oss( on) 0. 5C OSS pv SH, on f (13) P S, oss( on) 0. 5C OSS pv S, on f (14) V. CONTO SCHEME FOR PROPOSED SYSTEM A. Contol of non-isolated convete The non-isolated half bidge convete is contolled by Cobination of P-Fuzzy contolle. The high and low voltage side of convete ae contolled by non-isolated convete. The efeence voltage (VH*) fo contolling high voltage side is taken as 400V.The efeence voltage (V*) fo contolling low voltage side is taken as 8V. Fig.5 Key-wavefo off SRC S S The fuzzy logic contolle consists of siple linguistic vaiables, use fuzzy ebeship functions and linguistic ules to deteine the appopiate pocess input. The advantages of fuzzy logic contolle ae faste and siple poga developent of syste contolle, oe accuate esponse. The ules of fuzzy logic contolle ae shown in table TABE RUSE OF FUZZY OGC CONTROER e/δe NB NS ZE PS PB NB NB NB NB NS ZE NS NB NB NS ZE PS ZE NB NS ZE PS PB PS NS ZE PS PB PB PB ZE PS PB PB PB B. Contol of seies loaded esonant convete The zeo cuent switching ethod is used fo contolling seies esonant convete. The switching fequency of SRC is taken as 50 khz. The dead tie is given to avoid shot cicuit of switches. V. SMUATON RESUT The siulation of poposed BDC is caied out in SMUNK/MATAB softwae. Siulation paaete of poposed bidiectional - convete ae shown in Table. TABE PARAMETERS OF THE PROPOSED BDC Paaete Value Paaete Value VH 340-440 f 0.4µH V V 4-3 V 5.8µH fs1 50 KHz Cf 110µH fs 0 KHz CH 45H Np:Ns 8:1 Ci 100µF DdTs 600 ns C 380µF B 1 H C1= C 0.94µF Fig.6 P+Fuzzy Contolle of Non-isolated contolle SSN (PRNT): 393-8374, (ONNE): 394-0697, VOUME-3, SSUE-5, 016 71
NTERNATONA JOURNA OF CURRENT ENGNEERNG AND SCENTFC RESEARCH (JCESR) Siulation wavefos of step down and step up ode of bidiectional - convete ae shown as follows. The fig.7 input voltage of high side of BDC in step down ode.the fig. 8 shows gate pulses of switch SH1, S and SH, S1. The fig.9 shows wavefo of cuent,. The fig.10 shows wacefos of SH1,S and fig.11 shows wavefos of SH,S espectively. The fig.1 shows the wavefo of voltage Vc1 and Vc. The fig.13 shows wavefo of output voltage of low side BDC in step down ode. The fig.14 shows wavefo of input voltage of low side of BDC in step up ode. The fig.15 shows wavefo of output voltage of high side of BDC in step up ode. Fig.10 Wavefo of SH1 and S Fig.11 Wavefo of S1 and SH Fig.7 nput of high side of BDC (Step down Fig. 1 Wavefo of Vc1 and Vc Fig.8 Gate pulses fo SH1, S and SH, S1 Fig. 13 Output of low side of BDC (Step down Fig.9 Wavefos of and Fig. 14 nput of low side of BDC (Step up SSN (PRNT): 393-8374, (ONNE): 394-0697, VOUME-3, SSUE-5, 016 7
NTERNATONA JOURNA OF CURRENT ENGNEERNG AND SCENTFC RESEARCH (JCESR) Fig. 15 Output of high side of BDC (step up V. CONCUSON This pape pesents a two stage bidiectional - convete. The advantages of two stage convete ae siple switching technology, educed coponent ating of isolated convete and siple cobined P-fuzzy contolle. The seies esonant convete opeates at zeo cuent switching technique so educes switching losses. Due to the zeo cuent switching of the MOSFET s with high fequency, this convete topology have ipotant featues like low coponent ating, low size, low weight and low cost The cobination of P and fuzzy contolle ipoves pefoance of bidiectional convete. This bidiectional convete used fo stepping up and down voltage. REFERENCES [1]. P. Faoui, W. R. Cawthone, N. Clak, S. Nandkua, C. Atkinson, R. Atkinson, T. McDaniel, and S. Peteanu, Design and testing of a novel linea altenato and engine syste fo eote electical powe geneation, in Poc. EEE Powe Eng. Soc. Winte Meeting, Jan. 31 Feb. 4, 1999, pp. 108 11. []. Z.ChenandY.Hu, Ahybidgeneationsyste usingvaiablespeedwind tubines and diesel units, in Poc. EEE 9th Annu. Conf. nd. Electon. Soc., Nov. 6, 003, pp. 79 73 [3]. E. Muljadi and T. J. Bialasiewicz, Hybid powe syste with a contolled enegy stoage, in Poc. EEE 9th Annu. Conf. nd. Electon. Soc., Nov. 6, 003, pp. 196 1301. [4].. Wang and D. ee, oad-tacking pefoance of an autonoous SOFCbased hybid powe geneation enegy [13]. F. Kise and J. W. Kola, Efficiency-optiized high-cuent dual active bidge convete fo stoage syste, EEE Tans. Enegy Conves., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 18 139, Ma. 010. [5]. D. Ki and S. Choi, oad balancing with obile base stations in tactical infoation counication netwoks, in Poc. EEE Wieless Coun. Netw. Conf., Ma. 8 31, 011, pp. 8 31. [6]. H. Wen, X. Wen, J. iu, X. Guo, and F. Zhao, A low-inductance highfequency fil capacito fo electic vehicles, in Poc. nt. Conf. Elect. Mach. Syst., Oct. 8 11, 007, pp. 046 050. [7]. Y. X. Qin, H. S. H. Chung, D. Y. in, and S. Y. R. Hui, Cuent souce ballast fo high powe lighting eitting diodes without electolytic capacito, in Poc. EEE 34th Annu. Conf. nd. Electon., Nov. 10 13, 008, pp. 1968 1973. [8]. J. Ki and S. Sul, Resonant link bidiectional powe convete. Pat Application to bidiectional AC oto dive without electolytic capacito, EEE Tans. nd. Appl., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 485 493, Jul. 1995. [9]. H. Chae, H. Moon, and J. ee, On-boad battey chage fo PHEV without highvoltage electolytic capacito, Electon. ett., vol. 46, pp. 1691 169, Dec. 010. [10].. Rongyuan, A. Potthast, N. Fohleke, and J. Bocke, Analysis and design of ipoved isolated full-bidge bidiectional DC DC convete, in Poc. EEE 35th Annu. Powe Electon. Spec. Conf., Jun. 0 5, 004, pp. 51 56. [11]. G. Ma, W. Qu, G. Yu, Y. iu, N. iang, and W. i, A zeo-voltageswitching bidiectional DC DC convete with state analysis and softswitching-oiented design consideation, EEE Tans. nd. Electon., vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 174 184, Jun. 009. [1]. R. W. De Doncke, D. M. Divan, and M. H. Khealuwala, A thee-phase softswitched high-powe density DC/DC convete fo high-powe applications, EEE Tans. nd. Appl., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 63 73, Jan. /Feb. 1991. SSN (PRNT): 393-8374, (ONNE): 394-0697, VOUME-3, SSUE-5, 016 73
NTERNATONA JOURNA OF CURRENT ENGNEERNG AND SCENTFC RESEARCH (JCESR) autootive applications, EEE Tans. nd. Electon., vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 745 760, Jul. 01. [14]. Pefoance of DC to DC dual active bidge convete diving single phase invete ARPN Jounal of Engineeing a nd Applied Scences 10(4),197-193 [15]. D. S. Gauta and A. K. S. Bhat, A copaison of soft-switched DC- DC convetes fo electolyze application, EEE Tans. Powe Electon., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 54 63, Jan. 013. [16]. D. Gauta, F. Musavi, M. Edington, W. Ebele, and W. G. Dunfod, An autootive on-boad 3.3 kw battey chage fo PHEV application, in Poc. EEE Vehicle Powe Populs. Conf., Sep. 6 9, 011, pp. 1 6. [17]. D. Fu, F. C. ee, Y. iu, and M. Xu, Novel ulti-eleent esonant convetes fo font-end / convetes, in Poc. 39th EEE Annu. Powe Electon. Spec. Conf., Jun. 15 19, 008, pp. 50 56. [18]. H. Xiao and S. Xie, A ZVS bidiectional DC DC convete with phaseshift plus PWM contol schee, EEE Tans. Powe Electon., vol. 3, no., pp. 813 83, Ma. 008. [19]. K. iu and F. C. Y. ee, Zeovoltage switching technique in DC/DC convetes, EEE Tans. Powe Electon., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 93 304, Jul. 1990. SSN (PRNT): 393-8374, (ONNE): 394-0697, VOUME-3, SSUE-5, 016 74