Comparing Citation Styles: APA Format, MLA Format and Chicago/Turabian Format Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by Kate L. Turabian, 6th ed. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, by Joseph Gibaldi, 6th ed. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed. Disclaimer: These samples are for lecture purposes only and may contain errors. Always consult the full style guide when writing your paper. A copy of style guides are kept in most library reference sections or may be purchased at bookstores. Prepared by Cynthia Bruns (cbruns@fullerton.edu) An administrative page of the Paulina June & George Pollak Library at California State University, Fullerton. (c) 2004 California State University, Fullerton. www.library.fullerton.edu All rights reserved. Updated by Jana Bielecki (jbielecki@hccfl.edu) on 13 Aug 2016. Random paragraph within a paper, written in APA style wilderness protection and the protection of the environment (Cohen, 1998). Adams transformed his love of wilderness camping into a highly successful career of backcountry photography. His first photographic equipment, Adams spent the summer photographing Yosemite. It was a vocation that would continue for years, sometimes as an assistant manager of the Sierra Club outings and others times as a solitary backpacker. He loved the wilderness experiences but his focus was always on his photographic work (Adams, 1985). The fine-art images that resulted from these summer trips were especially influential in encouraging future backpackers to explore the remote mountain wilderness. Adams photographs were grandiose interpretations of the wilderness in which Adams, according to historian Jonathan Spaulding, portrayed the national parks as sanctuaries for the worship of nature linked in a harmonious web of nature (p. 620). Adams, A. (1985). Ansel Adams, an autobiography. Boston, MA: Little, Brown. Cohen, M.P. (1998). The history of the Sierra Club, 1892-1970. San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books. Spaulding, J. (1996). Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, commerce and western tourism. Pacific Historical Review, 65(4), 616-639. doi:10.2307/3640298. NOTE: For sources retrieved from the Web, APA style includes the words Retrieved from followed by the URL, including the http://. If the source provides a DOI (digital object identifier), which is a permanent URL assigned by some publishers to Web publications, this is given instead of Retrieved from and the URL, in this format: doi:10.1682/jrrd.2010.03.0024.
NOTE: It is very important to follow the find details of the assigned style guide. The following is the same paragraph, but this time it follows the eight edition of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers by the Modern Language Association. Notice that, though they look similar, there are significant differences in how the in-text citations are listed and how the citations are listed with the bibliography. It is important to pay close attention to those details. Random paragraph within a paper, MLA style wilderness protection and the protection of the environment (Cohen 89). Adams transformed his love of wilderness camping into a highly successful career of backcountry photography. His first photographic equipment, Adams spent the summer photographing Yosemite (Adams 59-60). It was a vocation that would continue for years, sometimes as an assistant manager of the Sierra Club outings and others times as a solitary backpacker. He loved the wilderness experiences but his focus was always on his photographic work (Adams 140-142). The fine-art images that resulted from these summer trips were especially influential in encouraging future backpackers to explore the remote mountain wilderness. Adams photographs were grandiose interpretations of the wilderness in which Adams, according to historian Jonathan Spaulding, portrayed the national parks as sanctuaries for the worship of nature linked in a harmonious web of nature (620). Works Cited Adams, Ansel, Ansel Adams, an Autobiography. Little, Brown, 1985. Cohen, Michael P. The History of the Sierra Club, 1892-1970. Sierra Club Books, 1998. Spaulding, Jonathan. Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, Commerce and Western Tourism. Pacific Historical Review, vol. 65, Nov. 1996, pp. 616-625, doi:10.2307/3640298. NOTE: For sources retrieved from the Web, MLA style does not include the http://. If the source provides a DOI (digital object identifier), which is a permanent URL assigned by some publishers to Web publications, this is given instead of the URL, in this format: doi:10.1682/jrrd.2010.03.0024. MLA style no longer uses angle brackets around Web addresses: < >.
Random Paragraph within a paper, Chicago/Turabian Style wilderness protection and the protection of the environment. 1 At the same time, Adams had transformed his love of wilderness camping into a highly successful career of backcountry photography. His first extensive high Sierra trip was in 1920. Leading a laden burro and carrying a thirty-pound pack of photographic equipment, Adams spent the summer photographing Yosemite. 2 It was a vocation that would continue for years, sometimes as an assistant manager of the Sierra Club outings and others times as a solitary backpacker. He loved the wilderness experiences but his focus was always on his photographic work. 3 The fine-art images that resulted from these summer trips were especially influential in encouraging future backpackers to explore the remote mountain wilderness. Adams photographs were grandiose interpretations of the wilderness in which Adams, according to historian Jonathan Spaulding, portrayed the national parks as sanctuaries for the worship of nature linked in a harmonious web of nature. 4 1. Michael P. Cohen, The History of the Sierra Club, 1892-1970 (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1998), 89. 2. Ansel Adams, Ansel Adams: An Autobiography (Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1985), 59-60. 3. Ibid., 140-142. 4. Jonathan Spaulding, Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, Commerce and Western Tourism, Pacific Historical Review 65, no. 4 (November 1996): 616, doi:10.2307/3640298. Bibliography Adams, Ansel. Ansel Adams: An Autobiography. Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1985. Cohen, Michael P. The History of the Sierra Club: 1892-1970. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1988. Spaulding, Jonathan. Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, Commerce and Western Tourism. Pacific Historical Review 65, no. 4 (November 1996): 615-639. doi:10.2307/3640298. NOTE: For sources retrieved from the Web, Chicago style includes the URL, including http:// (as APA does but without the words Retrieved from ). The format for a DOI is the same as APA style.
Comparing Citation Styles Supplement: CSE Name ame-year ear and Numbered Formats The Little, Brown Compact Handbook, by Jane E. Aaron, 9th ed. Disclaimer: These samples are for lecture purposes only and may contain errors. Always consult the full style guide when writing your paper. A copy of style guides are kept in most library reference sections or may be purchased at bookstores. Supplement prepared by Jana Bielecki (jbielecki@hccfl.edu) on 13 Aug 2016. Random paragraph within a paper, written in CSE name-year style wilderness protection and the protection of the environment (Cohen 1998). Adams transformed his love of wilderness camping into a highly successful career of backcountry photography. His first photographic equipment, Adams spent the summer photographing Yosemite. It was a vocation that would continue for years, sometimes as an assistant manager of the Sierra Club outings and others times as a solitary backpacker. He loved the wilderness experiences but his focus was always on his photographic work (Adams 1985). The fine-art images that resulted from these summer trips were especially influential in encouraging future backpackers to explore the remote mountain wilderness. Adams photographs were grandiose interpretations of the wilderness in which Adams, according to historian Jonathan Spaulding, portrayed the national parks as sanctuaries for the worship of nature linked in a harmonious web of nature (p. 620). Adams, A. 1985. Ansel Adams, an autobiography. Boston (MA): Little, Brown. Cohen, M.P. 1998. The history of the Sierra Club, 1892-1970. San Francisco (CA): Sierra Club Books. Spaulding, J. 1996. Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, commerce and western tourism. Pacif Hist Rev. [accessed 2016 Aug 13];65(4):616-639. http://www.jstor.org.db11.linccweb.org/stable /3640298. doi:10.2307/3640298. NOTE: For sources retrieved from the Web, CSE name-year style includes the date of your access and the http://. If the source provides a DOI (digital object identifier), which is a permanent URL assigned by some publishers to Web publications, this is given in addition to the URL, in this format: doi:10.1682/jrrd.2010.03.0024.
Random paragraph within a paper, written in CSE number style wilderness protection and the protection of the environment. 1 At the same time, Adams had transformed his love of wilderness camping into a highly successful career of backcountry photography. His first extensive high Sierra trip was in 1920. Leading a laden burro and carrying a thirty-pound pack of photographic equipment, Adams spent the summer photographing Yosemite. 2 It was a vocation that would continue for years, sometimes as an assistant manager of the Sierra Club outings and others times as a solitary backpacker. He loved the wilderness experiences but his focus was always on his photographic work. 2 The fine-art images that resulted from these summer trips were especially influential in encouraging future backpackers to explore the remote mountain wilderness. Adams photographs were grandiose interpretations of the wilderness in which Adams, according to historian Jonathan Spaulding, portrayed the national parks as sanctuaries for the worship of nature linked in a harmonious web of nature. 3 1. Cohen MP. The history of the Sierra Club, 1892-1970. San Francisco (CA): Sierra Club Books; 1998. 2. Adams A. Ansel Adams, an autobiography. Boston (MA): Little, Brown; 1985. 3. Spaulding J. Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, commerce and western tourism. Pacif Hist Rev. 1996 [accessed 2016 Aug 13];65(4):616-639. http://www.jstor.org.db11.linccweb.org/stable /3640298. doi:10.2307/3640298. NOTE: Each source is listed on the page only once, so if it is cited more than once, the original number is repeated. For example, in the paragraph above, both citations of the Adams source are given the number 2. For sources retrieved from the Web, CSE number style includes the date of your access and the http://. If the source provides a DOI (digital object identifier), which is a permanent URL assigned by some publishers to Web publications, this is given in addition to the URL, in this format: doi:10.1682/jrrd.2010.03.0024.