FSRU READY FOR THE FUTURE? Patrick Carey Braemar 28 September 2017
What is FSRU? Floating 2
What is FSRU? Floating Storage 3
What is FSRU? Floating Storage and Regasification 4
What is FSRU? Floating Storage and Regasification Unit FSRU 5
Poll? What is the future of FRSU Projects? A. Large permanent facilities? B. Short term solutions? C. Small-scale and for Developing Nations? D. All of the above? 6
Regasification Trends 7 * Source: US Energy Information Administration
Regasification Trends 8 * Source: US Energy Information Administration
Why use FSRU? 9
Onshore vs. FSRU Onshore Permanent Structure Large footprint available Large storage capacity ability to expand Static conditions for equipment Constructed on site Accessible CapEx US$245 per tonne capacity 10
Why use FSRU? 11
Onshore vs. FSRU FSRU Flexibility can move to another location Limited space - Fixed small storage capacity Equipment installed on moving deck Constructed at yard Remote CapEx US$109 per tonne capacity Higher OpEx Crew, Support Vessels etc. 12
Conditions best suited to FSRU Lower demand Limited pipeline access Limited land availability Short timeline to implementation Temporary supply required 13
Question? Which country might suit FRSU Projects? A. USA? B. Russia? C. Kuwait? D. Indonesia? 14
Where are FSRUs being used? 15
How do they work? Vessel Systems Loading Storage Tanks Gasification Offloading Power and utilities Ship to Ship Transfer External Infrastructure Ship to Shore Transfer Jetties Mooring Buoys Quayside Facilities Subsea Facilities Pipelines 16
Loading/Offloading Loading Transfer Liquid from Ship to Ship directly or via Static Facility Compensate for tide and wave motion Attach/Detach to/from LNG Delivery Tanker Cryogenic concerns Embrittlement and Contraction 17
Ship to Ship Transfer 18
Loading/Offloading Offloading Transfer Gas from Ship to Shore Facility Compensate for tide and wave motion Detach from Vessel Allow Vessel to turn to prevailing weather 19
Loading Arms 20
Vessel Systems Storage Tanks Independent - Self-Supporting Expand and Contract Moss Spheres Prismatic Independent Tanks Bi-lobe Tanks Integral - Supported by Hull Structure Cannot Expand or Contract Membrane Tanks 21
Integral Membrane Tank 22
Independent Are not secured to hull structure Allow for Contraction Reduced Free Surface Effect Less efficient use of space 23
Regasification 24
Open Rack Vaporiser (ORV) 25
Submerged Combustion Vaporiser 26
Infrastructure Jetty 27
Infrastructure Single Point Mooring 28
Infrastructure - Turret 29
Infrastructure - Turret 30
FSRU Risks Risks in construction are comparable to an FPSO Project, reduced field works, a Vessel constructed or converted in a Shipyard. Construction of the FSRU in the Yard reduces both frequency of incidents and their associated costs a Shipyard is an environment designed solely for the construction of large marine projects. Technologies in use in FSRU projects have been extensively proven in either FPSO or onshore LNG applications. Some elements that may be used have shown a pattern of losses in other applications Turrets Submergible Buoy Systems Subsea Pipelines Moorings 31
FSRU Policy How to cover Construction WELCAR? Ship BAR? Onshore CAR? In Operations Operations Package Policy Offshore Property Vessels? If FSRU transits / shuttles (e.g. Excelerate Gulf) do we treat as Tanker i.e. H&M and P&I. 32
The Future - Planned and Proposed 33
Case Study Future Applications 34
Case Study Future Applications Sulawesi
Case Study Future Applications Sulawesi 36
Case Study Future Applications 37
Case Study Future Applications 38
Case Study Future Applications 39
In Summary Floating Regasification is making up a greater part of the growing overall LNG Regasification capacity. Construction of the FSRU is quicker and cheaper than Onshore alternatives, but capacity is limited and operating costs are increased. Innovative solutions are being developed especially for emerging markets. The Technologies involved are known and proven, only the application is novel. 40
Poll? What is the future of FRSU Projects? A. Large permanent facilities? B. Short term solutions? C. Small-scale and for Developing Nations? D. All of the above? 41
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FSRU READY FOR THE FUTURE? Patrick Carey Braemar 28 September 2017