Regional innovation systems and urban structural change Tomasz Brodzicki, PhD University of Gdansk, Faculty of Economics Institute for Development, Sopot Europe & zoom on Poland 1
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Concentration of GDP per square km in Polish LADs Large scale metropolization & rapid structural change 3
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EMPLOYMENT SHARE 452 Building of complete constructions or parts thereof; civil engineering 5,213 351 Building and repairing of ships and boats 4,990 401 Production and distribution of electricity 4,794 524 Other retail sale of new goods in specialized stores 3,338 602 Other land transport 3,020 521 Retail sale in non-specialized stores 2,573 741 Legal, accounting, book-keeping and auditing activities; tax consultancy; market research; business and management consultancy 2,510 519 Other wholesale 2,361 742 Architectural and engineering activities and related technical consultancy 1,753 453 Building installation 1,645 703 Real estate activities on a fee or contract basis 1,543 515 Wholesale of non-agricultural intermediate products, waste and scrap 1,417 526 Retail sale not in stores 1,416 746 Investigation and security activities 1,204 402 Manufacture of gas; distribution of gaseous fuels through mains 1,202 553 Restaurants 1,194 651 Monetary intermediation 1,068 158 Manufacture of other food products 0,952 502 Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles 0,933 748 Miscellaneous business activities n.e.c. 0,921 EMPLOYMENT LQs 351 Building and repairing of ships and boats 17,463 362 Manufacture of jewelry and related articles 7,647 401 Production and distribution of electricity 5,860 631 Cargo handling and storage 5,508 402 Manufacture of gas; distribution of gaseous fuels through mains 4,977 632 Other supporting transport activities 3,687 291 Manufacture of machinery for the production and use of mechanical power, except aircraft, vehicle and cycle engines 2,364 722 Software consultancy and supply 1,759 742 Architectural and engineering activities and related technical consultancy 1,741 292 Manufacture of other general purpose machinery 1,619 702 Letting of own property 1,601 285 Treatment and coating of metals; general mechanical engineering 1,351 747 Industrial cleaning 1,319 553 Restaurants 1,317 741 Legal, accounting, book-keeping and auditing activities; tax consultancy; market research; business and management consultancy 1,307 222 Printing and service activities related to printing 1,284 703 Real estate activities on a fee or contract basis 1,250 511 Wholesale on a fee or contract basis 1,200 746 Investigation and security activities 1,196 453 Building installation 1,160 6
Shift in paradigm sectoral specialization (traditional) => functional specialization (skills & knowledge based) urban structural change: industrial districts transformation CBD knowledge districts 7
Business and Science District 3D view http://gdansk.polska3d.pl/ Wrzeszcz 3D view http://gdansk.polska3d.pl/ 8
Gdańsk City Centre 3D view http://gdansk.polska3d.pl/ INNOVATION INTERNATIONALIZATION 9
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Altomonte, C., Aquilante, T., Békés and Ottaviano G.I.P. (2013). Internationalization and Innovation of Firms: Evidence and Policy, Economic Policy, Volume 28, Issue 76, pages 663 700. 11
Innovative firms? non-innovators vs. innovators innovation leaders innovation followers Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower 12
Hobday et al. (2004) Source: Hobday M. et al. (2004), Approaching the Innovation Frontier in Korea: The Transition Phase to Leadership, Research Policy, Vol. 33(10), pp. 1433-1457. Exporters (X) Non-exporters (NX) Overall (X+NX) Ratio X/NX Passive 55,8 71,6 60,5 0,78 Ad hoc - reactive 5,8 5,7 5,8 1,02 Ad hoc - strategic 9,2 7,6 8,7 1,22 Creative 29,1 15,2 25,0 1,92 13
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M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 l_tprod 0.478*** 0.483*** 0.482*** 0.485*** 0.473*** 0.485*** 0.481*** 0.485*** (0.0991) (0.0990) (0.0987) (0.0998) (0.0985) (0.0991) (0.0999) (0.0979) l_employ 0.866*** 0.859*** 0.866*** 0.863*** 0.859*** 0.865*** 0.863*** 0.866*** (0.124) (0.123) (0.124) (0.121) (0.123) (0.123) (0.123) (0.123) IMPORTER 1.137*** 1.142*** 1.141*** 1.135*** 1.140*** 1.142*** 1.140*** 1.148*** (0.227) (0.225) (0.225) (0.226) (0.228) (0.226) (0.225) (0.229) FOREIGN CAPITAL 0.0198*** 0.0194*** 0.0196*** 0.0203*** 0.0200*** 0.0197*** 0.0197*** 0.0201*** (0.00449) (0.00453) (0.00456) (0.00459) (0.00452) (0.00458) (0.00455) (0.00454) FDI 3.866*** 3.871*** 3.853*** 3.867*** 3.875*** 3.860*** 3.860*** 3.883*** (0.928) (0.947) (0.946) (0.934) (0.942) (0.947) (0.946) (0.942) FIRM_STRATEGY_PASSIVE -0.532** (0.225) FIRM_STRATEGY_REACTIVE 0.465 (0.506) FIRM_STRATEGY_STRATEGIC 0.194 (0.391) FIRM_STRATEGY_CREATIVE 0.483* (0.261) MARKET_STRATEGY_PASSIVE -0.494 (0.310) MARKET_STRATEGY_REACTIVE -0.160 (0.570) MARKET_STRATEGY_STRATEGIC 0.147 (0.663) MARKET_STRATEGY_CREATIVE 0.660* (0.375) Constant -4.424*** -4.766*** -4.783*** -4.882*** -4.302*** -4.772*** -4.760*** -4.855*** (0.652) (0.648) (0.651) (0.638) (0.712) (0.644) (0.643) (0.638) No of observations 623 623 623 623 623 623 623 623 Pseudo R2 0.2907 0.2841 0.2833 0.2878 0.2867 0.2830 0.2830 0.2879 AIC 555.23 560.21 560.85 557.39 558.23 561.07 561.05 557.35 AUC 0.8427 0.8432 0.8434 0.8445 0.8444 0.8427 0.8429 0.8446 15
M25 M26 M27 M28 l_tprod 0.481*** 0.552*** 0.543*** 0.379*** (0.0992) (0.0968) (0.092) (0.102) l_employ 0.817*** 0.909*** 0.853*** 0.646*** (0.123) (0.114) (.1103) (0.129) IMPORTER 1.095*** (0.226) FOREIGN CAPITAL 0.0202*** (0.00452) FDI 3.786*** (0.943) INNOVATION EXTENT 0.147** 0.173*** 0.158** (0.0641) (0.0621) (0.0763) INTERNATIONALIZATION EXTENT 0.628*** 1.621*** (0.0931) (0.165) Constant -4.896*** -4.694*** -5.426*** -6.906*** (0.646) (0.629) (0.619) (0.737) Observations 623 623 623 623 Pseudo R2 0.2901 0.1671 0.2281 0.2403 AIC 555.68 643.47 596.91 589.67 AUC 0.8402 0.7781 0.8138 0.8189 16
A city is not gauged by its length and width, but by the broadness of its vision and the height of its dreams. / Herb Caen / Tomasz Brodzicki, PhD University of Gdansk, Faculty of Economics t.brodzicki@ug.edu.pl Institute for Development, Sopot t.brodzicki@instytut-rozwoju.org 17