Tutorial Guide to AutoCAD 2015 2D Drawing, 3D Modeling Shawna Lockhart SDC P U B L I C AT I O N S For Microsoft Windows Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com
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ii Brief Table of Contents GS-1 Preparing for the Tutorials GS1-1 14 Solid Modeling for Section and Auxiliary Views 551 GS-2 AutoCAD Basics GS2-1 15 Rendering 569 GS-3 Studying for the AutoCAD Certification Exam G3-1 1 Introduction to the AutoCAD Software 1 2 Basic Construction Techniques 59 Glossary 607 AutoCAD Command Summary 621 Index 649 3 Basic Editing and Plotting Techniques 95 4 Geometric Constructions 133 5 Template Drawings and More Plotting 197 6 2D Orthographic Drawings 249 7 Dimensioning 283 8 Advanced Dimensioning 331 9 Section and Auxiliary Views 355 10 Blocks, DesignCenter, and Tool Palettes 397 11 Introduction to Solid and Surface Modeling 431 12 Changing and Plotting Solid Models 489 13 Creating Assembly Dwgs from Solid Models 511
Table of Contents iii Table of Contents GS-1 Preparing for the Tutorials Introduction to the Tutorials GS1-1 GS1-1 Working with the Ribbon Working with Dialog Boxes GS2-11 GS2-12 Basic Mouse Techniques GS1-1 Accessing On-Line Help GS2-14 Objectives GS1-1 Working with Documents GS2-15 Recognizing Typographical Conventions GS1-2 Exiting an AutoCAD Session GS2-15 Creating a Working Directory Installing Data Files for the Tutorials Configuring AutoCAD for the Tutorials User Profiles Backing Up AutoCAD Defaults Customizable Support Files GS1-4 GS1-4 GS1-5 GS1-7 GS1-10 GS1-11 GS-3 Studying for the AutoCAD Exam G3-1 General Study Tips G3-1 Objectives G3-1 Exam Objectives G3-2 Certified Associate Exam Examples G3-2 GS-2 AutoCAD Basics Introduction Starting the AutoCAD 2015 Software Objectives Microsoft Windows Conventions Navigating in Windows Basic Elements of the AutoCAD Graphics Window Minimizing and Restoring an Application Microsoft Windows Multitasking Options AutoCAD Pointing Techniques Clicking Commands and Menu Options Entering Points Dragging Object Selection AutoCAD Commands and Options Typing Commands Switching the Workspace Using the Ribbon Backing Up and Backing Out of Commands Repeating Commands GS2-1 GS2-1 GS2-1 GS2-1 GS2-2 GS2-2 GS2-2 GS2-3 GS2-3 GS2-4 GS2-4 GS2-4 GS2-4 GS2-5 GS2-5 GS2-5 GS2-7 GS2-8 GS2-10 GS2-11 1 Introduction to the AutoCAD Software 1 Introduction 1 Starting 1 The AutoCAD Screen 1 Objectives 1 The Quick Access Toolbar 6 The Ribbon 6 Canceling Commands 9 Typing Commands 9 Dynamic Entry 10 Starting a New Drawing 12 Naming Drawing Files 13 Working with Multiple Drawings 14 Using Grid 16 Showing a Ribbon Panel 17 Using Zoom 18 Using Snap Mode 18 Drafting Settings 19 Using Line 20 Entering Coordinates 21
iv Table of Contents Using Absolute Coordinates 21 Drawing Using Grid and Snap 22 Using Last Point 22 Using Relative X- and Y-Coordinates 23 Using Polar Coordinates 23 Using Help 26 Using Save 28 Using Erase 28 Erasing with Window or Crossing 29 Using Undo 30 Using Redo 32 Drawing a Plot Plan 32 Setting the Units 33 Sizing Your Drawing 36 Using Limits 37 Using Rectangle 38 Drawing Circles 39 Adding Text 40 Copying Text 42 In Place Text Editing 43 Moving and Rotating Text 43 Setting the Text Style 44 Setting a Style Current 48 Using Mtext 48 Spell Checking Your Drawing 51 Saving Your Drawing 52 Transferring Files 53 Exercises 55 2 Basic Construction Techniques 59 Introduction 59 Starting 59 Opening an Existing Drawing 59 Objectives 59 Saving as a New File 61 Using Layers 62 Current Layer 62 Controlling Layers 63 Controlling Colors 64 Layer Visibility 65 Freezing Layers 66 Locking Layers 66 Making Object s Layer Current 67 Using Layer 68 Using Object Snap 71 Using Arc 74 Using Zoom 79 Using the Scroll Wheel to Zoom 83 Zoom Dynamic 83 Using Pan Realtime 84 Using Circle Options 85 Circle Tangent, Tangent, Radius 87 Using Ellipse 88 Exercises 91 3 Basic Editing and Plotting Techniques 95 Introduction 95 Starting 95 Starting from a Template Drawing 95 Objectives 95 Using Trim 97 Using Offset 100 Changing Object Properties 103 Using the Properties Panel 103 The Properties Palette 104 Using Fillet 106 Using Chamfer 107 Using Polyline 108
Table of Contents v Using Spline 111 Using Blend 112 Getting Information about Your Drawing 114 Using List 114 Locating Points 115 Measuring Geometry 115 Area 115 Using Multilines 116 The Plot Dialog Box 120 Exercises 127 4 Geometric Constructions 133 Introduction 133 Starting 133 Setting the Units and Limits 133 Objectives 133 Drawing the Wrench 134 Using Copy Object 134 Effective Use of Layers 136 Changing Properties 138 Setting the Global Linetype Scaling Factor 139 Changing an Object s Linetype Scale 140 Using Polygon 142 Using Polar Tracking 144 Using Object Snaps 147 Showing a Floating Toolbar 147 Object Snap Overrides 148 More Object Snaps 153 Object Tracking 155 Using Break 155 Using Extend 157 Using Rotate 158 Using Move 159 Methods of Selecting Objects 159 Select Similar 161 Using Selection Filters 162 Using Quick Select 163 Creating the Geneva Cam 164 Using Construction Line (Xline) 166 Using Mirror 168 Using Array 170 Editing Associative Arrays 171 Making Changes using Grips 172 Noun/Verb Selection 175 Using the Path Array 176 Editing an Associative Path Array 178 Using 2D Parametric Constraints 181 Exercises 191 5 Template Drawings and More Plotting 197 Introduction 197 Starting 197 Using a Standard Template 197 Objectives 197 Paper Space Layouts 199 Printer Area 200 Viewport 200 Switching to Model Space 202 Inserting an Existing Drawing 202 Showing the Drawing in the Layout 204 Setting the Viewport Zoom Scale 205 Using Pan to Position the Drawing 208 Locking the Viewport Scale 209 Creating a Second Floating Viewport 209 Making a Viewport Active 211 Attributes and Fields 213 Using Irregularly Shaped Viewports 215 Plotting from Paper Space 217
vi Table of Contents Sheet Sets 218 Creating a Template Drawing 224 Creating Default Layers 225 Using the Drafting Settings Dialog Box 233 Selecting the Default Text Font 234 Setting the Viewres Default 234 Switching to a Paper Space Layout 235 Adding a Title Block and Text to Paper Space 236 Sizing and Positioning the Drawing 266 Locking the Viewport Scale 267 Showing Holes 268 Drawing Centerlines and Centermarks 269 Breaking the Centerline 271 Setting the Global Linetype Scaling Factor 273 Projecting Slanted Surfaces on Cylinders 274 Exercises 278 Hide/Show Lineweight on Status Bar 237 Using Divide 238 Adding the Titles 239 Beginning a New Drawing from a Template Drawing 241 Changing the Title Block Text 242 Exercises 243 6 2D Orthographic Drawings 249 Introduction 249 The Front, Top, and Right-Side Orthographic Views 249 Objectives 249 View Location 250 Starting 250 Switching to Model Space 252 Deciding the Model Space Limits 252 Viewing the Model Space Limits 253 Using Ortho 253 Drawing Construction Lines 253 Hidden Lines 257 Drawing Hidden Lines 258 Line Precedence 260 Slanted Surfaces 261 Top-View to Side-View Projection 262 Drawing the Miter Line 263 Using Object Snap Tracking 263 7 Dimensioning 283 Introduction 283 Terminology and Conventions 283 Objectives 283 Semiautomatic Dimensioning 284 Starting 285 Dimensioning a Shape 285 Using the DIM Layer 286 Dimension Standards 286 Associating Dimensions 286 Annotation Scaling 287 The Dimension Panel 288 Using Dimension Styles 288 Creating a Named Dimension Style 289 Scaling Dimension Features 290 Lines tab 290 Symbols and Arrows tab 292 Text tab 294 Fit Tab 295 Setting the Current Style 301 Checking Your Dimension Settings 302 Associative Dimensioning 303 Adding Dimensions to the Layout or the Model 303 Adding Linear Dimensions 304 Creating a Diameter Dimension 305
Table of Contents vii Baseline Dimensioning 307 Using Xplode 309 Adding Text with Special Characters 310 Using Quick Dimension 311 Saving As a Template 312 Dimensioning the Adapter 313 Using Continue Dimension 314 Angular Dimensions 315 Centering the Views 316 Adding the Tolerance Note 317 Updating Associative Dimensions 317 Using Stretch 318 Modifying Dimensions 319 Updating a Dimension Style 320 Changing the Drawing Scale 321 The Annotation Property 323 Synch the Annotative and Viewport Scales 324 Creating an Annotative Text Style 324 Exercises 327 8 Advanced Dimensioning 331 Tolerance 331 Objectives 331 Tolerance Formats 332 Starting 333 Automatic Bilateral Tolerances 333 Using Limit Tolerances 340 Creating Feature Control Frames 342 Using Leader with Tolerances 346 Creating Datum Flags 348 Creating an Annotative Dimension Style 350 Exercises 352 9 Section and Auxiliary Views 355 Introduction 355 Section Views 355 Objectives 355 Starting 357 Creating 2D Section Views 357 Cutting Plane Lines 358 Changing Hidden Lines to Visible 362 Using Hatch 363 Adding the Hatch Pattern 369 Creating the Side Section View 370 Solid Fill 373 Using Draworder 374 Changing Associative Hatches 375 Auxiliary Views 378 Drawing Auxiliary Views Using 2D 378 Aligning the UCS with the Angled Surface 380 Adding Visual Reference Lines 384 Linetype Conventions 384 Curved Surfaces 385 Drawing the Ellipse 390 Exercises 392 10 Blocks, DesignCenter, and Tool Palettes 397 Introduction 397 Objectives 397 Starting 398 Using the Block Command 398 Inserting a Block 401 Using Explode 403 Using Write Block 404 Using DesignCenter and Tool Palettes 405 Drawing the Half-Adder Circuit 410 Using Donut 411
viii Table of Contents Freezing the TEXT2 Layer 412 Creating Object Groups 412 Creating Custom Interfaces 415 Creating a Toolbar 418 Using Special Characters in Programmed Commands 420 Exercises 425 Creating Solids by Revolution 465 Aligning the Views 465 Using the Boolean Operator Intersection 467 Dynamic UCS 470 Creating Surface Models 473 Using Loft 474 11 Introduction to Solid & Surface Modeling 431 Introduction 431 Creating Mesh Models 476 Creating an Edge Mesh 478 Creating a Patch (SURFPATCH) 474 Objectives 431 Starting 432 The 3D Modeling Workspace 432 3D Coordinate Systems 433 Using the Steering Wheel 478 Creating a Network Surface 479 Creating 3D Mesh 481 Exercises 484 Creating 3D Objects 433 Setting the Viewpoint 434 User Coordinate Systems 438 The UCS Icon 439 Dynamic UCS System Variable 440 Using Layers 440 Creating Multiple Viewports 441 Viewports Using Different UCSs 445 Creating Cylinders 446 Selection Cycling 447 Setting Isolines 449 Building Complex Solid Models 450 12 Changing and Plotting Solid Models 489 Introduction 489 Starting 489 Objectives 489 Using Fillet on Solids 490 Using Chamfer on Solids 490 Using Slice 491 Creating the Hole 498 Placing Views to Create a Drawing 500 Adding the Centerlines 504 Exercises 506 Using the Viewport Controls 451 Creating Wedges 452 Creating Cones 453 Creating User Coordinate Systems 454 Plotting Solid Models from Paper Space 457 Saving Your Multiview Setup as a Template 459 Creating Solid Models with Extrude and Revolve 460 Region Modeling 462 Extruding a Shape 463 13 Creating Assembly Dwgs from Solid Models 511 Introduction 511 Attaching Solid Models 511 Objectives 511 Starting 512 Using External References 513 Layers and External References 515 Inserting the Solid Part Drawings 516
Table of Contents ix Checking for Interference 520 Determining Mass Properties (MASSPROP) 521 Creating an Exploded Isometric View 522 Creating a Dynamic Block for the Ball Tags 524 Defining Attributes 527 Defining the Parameters 531 Defining the Actions 532 Inserting the Ball Tags 534 Changing an Attribute Value 536 Changing an Externally Referenced Drawing 537 Creating the Parts List 539 Extracting Attribute Information 539 Advanced Render Settings 575 Adding Lights 581 Choosing Materials 585 Creating a New Material 587 Adjusting Mapping 590 Adding Backgrounds 591 Rendering to a File 592 Using Sun Properties 593 Geographic Location 593 Exporting AutoCAD Files 598 Drawing Web Format 600 Exercises 601 Exercises 545 14 Solid Modeling for Section and Auxiliary Views 551 Introduction 551 Creating Sections from a Solid Model 551 AutoCAD Command Summary 621 Glossary 609 Objectives 551 Adding a Section View 554 Index 649 Using Section Plane 556 Using Live Section 557 Section Settings 558 Creating an Auxiliary View from a 3D Model 559 Orienting the View 560 3 Point UCS 561 Using Plan 562 Using 3D Dynamic View 563 Exercises 565 15 Rendering 569 Introduction 569 Starting 569 Objectives 569 The Render Panel 570