NATIONAL SURVEY of Research and Development in Singapore

NATIONAL SURVEY OF R&D IN SINGAPORE Published by: Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore December

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Table.A R&D Manpower Type of R&D Manpower Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes Researchers,,,,, RSEs #,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Postgrad students*,, NonDegree,, Technicians,, Other Supporting Staff,,,,,,,, * Local postgraduate students at the Public Research Institutes are reported under the Higher Education Sector. # RSE is a definition used within Singapore context. It includes researchers with at least a degree. For more detailed definition regarding RSE, please see page of explanatory notes. Table.B R&D Manpower (FTE) Type of R&D Manpower Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes Researchers RSEs # Postgrad students* NonDegree Technicians Other Supporting Staff,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,...,...,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,....,.,.,.,......,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.

Table. R&D Manpower by Nationality Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes Type of R&D Manpower Singapore Citizens & Permanent Residents Foreign Citizens Singapore Citizens & Permanent Residents Foreign Citizens Singapore Citizens & Permanent Residents Foreign Citizens Singapore Citizens & Permanent Residents Foreign Citizens Singapore Citizens & Permanent Residents Researchers,,,,,,, RSEs #,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Postgrad students*,,, Level Level,,, NonDegree,, Technicians,, Other Supporting Staff,,,,,,,,,, Table. R&D Manpower by Age Group Type of R&D Manpower Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes Foreign Citizens,,,,,,,, < > < > < > < > < > Researchers,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, RSEs #,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Postgrad students*,,,, NonDegree Technicians, Other Supporting Staff,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Table. R&D Manpower by Gender Type of R&D Manpower Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Researchers,,,,,,,,,, RSEs # Postgrad students* NonDegree Technicians Other Supporting Staff,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Table. R&D Expenditure by Type of Costs $ million Type of Costs Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes Capital Costs Land, Buildings & Other Structures Vehicles, Plant, Machinery & Equipment Manpower Costs Researchers...,.,................,...,.,. RSEs #,....,. Postgrad students* NonDegree Technicians Other Supporting Staff Other Operating Costs...,.,.....,......,.....,.....,.,.

Table. R&D Expenditure by Source of Funding $ million Source of Funding Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes Own Funds,....,. Private Sector..... Government Sector..,.,.,. Higher Education Sector..... ForeignBased Companies..... Foreign Governments & International Organisations.,..,..,..,..,. Table. Patenting Indicators Patenting Indicators Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes Patents Applied,, Patents Awarded Patents Owned (Cumulatively as at Dec ),, Table. Revenue Indicators $ million Revenue Indicators Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes Licensing Revenue from Patents and New Technologies Developed in Singapore Sales Revenue from Commercialised Products/ Processes Attributed to R&D Performed in Singapore.,........,.

Table.A Researchers by Field of Science & Technology Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes Field of Science & Technology NonDegree NonDegree Postgrad Students NonDegree NonDegree NonDegree Agricultural & Food Sciences Agricultural Sciences Food Sciences Biomedical & Related Sciences,,,,, Basic Medicine Biological Sciences, Clinical Medicine Health Sciences Pharmaceutical Sciences & Manufacturing Other Related Biomedical Sciences Engineering & Technology,,,,,,,,,, Aeronautical Engineering Biomedical Engineering Civil & Architecture Engineering Computer Engineering,, Electrical & Electronics Engineering,,,,, Infocommunication & Media Technology, Marine Engineering Material Sciences & Chemical Engineering Mechanical Engineering,, Metallurgy & Metal Engineering Natural Sciences (excluding Biological Sciences),,,, Chemical Sciences Computer & Related Sciences Earth & Related Environmental Sciences Physical Sciences & Mathematics Energy Other Areas,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Table.B Researchers (FTE) by Field of Science & Technology Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes Field of Science & Technology NonDegree NonDegree Postgrad Students NonDegree NonDegree NonDegree Agricultural & Food Sciences................ Agricultural Sciences.............. Agricultural Sciences................ Biomedical & Related Sciences........,...,......,..,. Basic Medicine................... Biological Sciences.................,... Clinical Medicine.................... Health Sciences................ Pharmaceutical Sciences & Manufacturing................... Other Related Biomedical Sciences.................... Engineering & Technology,.,.,.,.....,...,..,....,.,.,. Aeronautical Engineering................... Biomedical Engineering.................. Civil & Architecture Engineering.................. Computer Engineering..,................,. Electrical & Electronics Engineering.,.,...............,.,.,. Infocommunication & Media Technology.................. Marine Engineering.............. Material Sciences & Chemical Engineering.................... Mechanical Engineering..,.................,. Metallurgy & Metal Engineering............. Natural Sciences (excluding Biological Sciences)..........,.....,..,. Chemical Sciences.................. Computer & Related Sciences.................. Earth & Related Environmental Sciences................ Physical Sciences & Mathematics.................. Energy............. Other Areas....................,.,.,.,...,..,.,.,.,..,....,.,.,...........,..................,.

Table. Private Sector Researchers by Enterprise Ownership/Size and Field of Science & Technology Local SMEs Local LEs Foreign Companies NonDegree NonDegree NonDegree NonDegree Field of Science & Technology Agricultural & Food Sciences Agricultural Sciences Food Sciences Biomedical & Related Sciences Basic Medicine Biological Sciences Clinical Medicine Health Sciences Pharmaceutical Sciences & Manufacturing Other Related Biomedical Sciences Engineering & Technology Aeronautical Engineering Biomedical Engineering Civil & Architecture Engineering Computer Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Infocommunication & Media Technology Marine Engineering Material Sciences & Chemical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Metallurgy & Metal Engineering Natural Sciences (excluding Biological Sciences) Chemical Sciences Computer & Related Sciences Earth & Related Environmental Sciences Physical Sciences & Mathematics Energy Other Areas,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Table. R&D Expenditure by Type of R&D and Field of Science & Technology Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes $ million Field of Science & Technology Basic Research Applied Research Experimental Development Pure Basic Research Strategic Basic Research Applied Research Experimental Development Pure Basic Research Strategic Basic Research Applied Research Experimental Development Pure Basic Research Strategic Basic Research Applied Research Experimental Development Basic Research Applied Research Experimental Development Agricultural & Food Sciences............. Agricultural Sciences Food Sciences Biomedical & Related Sciences Basic Medicine Biological Sciences Clinical Medicine Health Sciences Pharmaceutical Sciences & Manufacturing Other Related Biomedical Sciences Engineering & Technology Aeronautical Engineering Biomedical Engineering Civil & Architecture Engineering Computer Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Infocommunication & Media Technology Marine Engineering Material Sciences & Chemical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Metallurgy & Metal Engineering Natural Sciences (excluding Biological Sciences) Chemical Sciences Computer & Related Sciences Earth & Related Environmental Sciences Physical Sciences & Mathematics Energy Other Areas.....................................,..................,..........,.....,.............,............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................,..................,..........,..................,..........,.....,.............,.

Table. Private Sector R&D Expenditure by Enterprise Ownership/Size, Type of R&D and Field of Science & Technology Local SMEs Local LEs Foreign Companies Field of Science & Technology Basic Research Applied Research Experimental Development Basic Research Applied Research Experimental Development Basic Research Applied Research Experimental Development Basic Research Applied Research Experimental Development Agricultural & Food Sciences........... Agricultural Sciences Food Sciences Biomedical & Related Sciences Basic Medicine Biological Sciences Clinical Medicine Health Sciences Pharmaceutical Sciences & Manufacturing Other Related Biomedical Sciences Engineering & Technology Aeronautical Engineering Biomedical Engineering Civil & Architecture Engineering Computer Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Infocommunication & Media Technology Marine Engineering Material Sciences & Chemical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Metallurgy & Metal Engineering Natural Sciences (excluding Biological Sciences) Chemical Sciences Computer & Related Sciences Earth & Related Environmental Sciences Physical Sciences & Mathematics Energy Other Areas...................................................................................................................................................................................................,..........,.....,.............,......................................,..................,. $ million..........,.....,.............,.

Local SMEs Local LEs Foreign Companies $ million R&D Expenditure Sales Revenue R&D Expenditure as % of Sales Revenue R&D Expenditure Sales Revenue R&D Expenditure as % of Sales Revenue R&D Expenditure Sales Revenue R&D Expenditure as % of Sales Revenue R&D Expenditure Sales Revenue R&D Expenditure as % of Sales Revenue Table. Private Sector R&D Expenditure as Percentage of Sales Revenue by Enterprise Ownership/Size and Industrial Classification Primary Industries & Construction...%.,..%...%.,. Agriculture & Fishing...%.. Mining, Quarrying, Energy & Water...%...%.. Construction...%...%...%.. Manufacturing.,..%.,..%,.,..%,.,. Biomedical Manufacturing...%.,..%.,..%.,. Medical Technology...%.,..%.,..%.,. Pharmaceuticals...%...%.,..%.,. Chemicals...%.,..%.,..%.,. Petrochemicals...%.,..%...%.,. Petroleum...%.,..%.,. Specialties...%.,..%.,..%.,. Other Chemicals...%.,..%.,. Electronics...%.,..%,.,..%,.,. Computer Peripherals...%.,..%.,. Data Storage.,..%.,..%.,. Electronics Modules & Components...%.,..%.,. Infocomms & Consumer Electronics...%.,..%...%.,. Semiconductor...%.,..%,.,..%,.,. Precision Engineering...%.,..%.,..%.,. Machinery & Systems...%.,..%.,..%.,. Precision Modules & Components...%...%.,..%.,. Transport Engineering...%.,..%.,..%.,. Aerospace...%.,..%...%.,. Land...%...%.,..%.,. Marine & Offshore Engineering...%...%...%.,. General Manufacturing...%.,..%.,..%.,. Food, Beverage & Tobacco...%...%.,..%.,. Printing & Recorded Media...%.. Other Mfg Industries...%...%.,..%.,. Services.,..%.,..%,.,..%,.,. R&D...%...%,.. Biotechnology, Life, Medical Science...%...%.. Chemicals...%...%.. Electronics...%...%.. Engineering...%...%.. Environment & Clean Technologies...%...%.. IT...%...%.. Other Natural Sciences...%...%.. Financial Intermediation & Other Business Activities.,..%.,..%.,..%.,. Engineering, Scientific & Technical Activities...%.,..%...%.,. Finance & Insurance...%.,..%.,..%.,. Other Business Activities.,..%...%.,..%.,. Education, Health & Social Services...%...%.. Information & Communications...%.,..%.,..%.,. Logistics.,..%...%.,. Wholesale & Retail Trade.,..%.,..%.,..%.,. Other Services...%...%...,..%.,..%,.,..%,.,..%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%

Local SMEs Local LEs Foreign Companies Patents Applied Patents Awarded Patents Owned Patents Applied Patents Awarded Patents Owned Patents Applied Patents Awarded Patents Owned Patents Applied Patents Awarded Patents Owned Table. Private Sector Patenting Indicators by Enterprise Ownership/Size and Industrial Classification Primary Industries & Construction Agriculture & Fishing Mining, Quarrying, Energy & Water Construction Manufacturing,, Biomedical Manufacturing Medical Technology Pharmaceuticals Chemicals Petrochemicals Petroleum Specialties Other Chemicals Electronics, Computer Peripherals Data Storage Electronics Modules & Components Infocomms & Consumer Electronics Semiconductor, Precision Engineering Machinery & Systems Precision Modules & Components Transport Engineering Aerospace Land Marine & Offshore Engineering General Manufacturing Food, Beverage & Tobacco Printing & Recorded Media Other Mfg Industries Services,, R&D Biotechnology, Life, Medical Science Chemicals Electronics Engineering Environment & Clean Technologies IT Other Natural Sciences Financial Intermediation & Other Business Activities, Engineering, Scientific & Technical Activities Finance & Insurance Other Business Activities, Education, Health & Social Services Information & Communications Logistics Wholesale & Retail Trade, Other Services,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Table. Private Sector Licensing Revenue from Patents and New Technologies Developed in Singapore and Sales Revenue from Commercialised Products/Processes Attributed to R&D Performed in Singapore by Enterprise Ownership/Size and Industrial Classification $ million Local SMEs Local LEs Foreign Companies Licensing Revenue Sales Revenue Licensing Revenue Sales Revenue Licensing Revenue Sales Revenue Licensing Revenue Sales Revenue Primary Industries & Construction........ Agriculture & Fishing........ Mining, Quarrying, Energy & Water........ Construction........ Manufacturing...,..,..,. Biomedical Manufacturing........ Medical Technology........ Pharmaceuticals........ Chemicals........ Petrochemicals........ Petroleum........ Specialties........ Other Chemicals........ Electronics.....,..,. Computer Peripherals.....,..,. Data Storage........ Electronics Modules & Components........ Infocomms & Consumer Electronics........ Semiconductor.....,..,. Precision Engineering...,..,..,. Machinery & Systems...,..,..,. Precision Modules & Components........ Transport Engineering.......,. Aerospace........ Land........ Marine & Offshore Engineering........ General Manufacturing........ Food, Beverage & Tobacco........ Printing & Recorded Media........ Other Mfg Industries........ Services.....,..,. R&D........ Biotechnology, Life, Medical Science........ Chemicals........ Electronics........ Engineering........ Environment & Clean Technologies........ IT........ Other Natural Sciences........ Financial Intermediation & Other Business Activities.....,..,. Engineering, Scientific & Technical Activities........ Finance & Insurance........ Other Business Activities.....,..,. Education, Health & Social Services........ Information & Communications........ Logistics........ Wholesale & Retail Trade.....,..,. Other Services...........,..,..,.

Foreign Companies Local SMEs Local LEs USA Canada UK France Germany Netherlands Italy Japan China (incl. HK) Taiwan Asean (excl. S'pore) Others Primary Industries & Construction Agriculture & Fishing Mining, Quarrying, Energy & Water Construction Manufacturing Biomedical Manufacturing Medical Technology Pharmaceuticals Chemicals Petrochemicals Petroleum Specialties Other Chemicals Electronics Computer Peripherals Data Storage Electronics Modules & Components Infocomms & Consumer Electronics Semiconductor Precision Engineering Machinery & Systems Precision Modules & Components Transport Engineering Aerospace Land Marine & Offshore Engineering General Manufacturing Food, Beverage & Tobacco Printing & Recorded Media Other Mfg Industries Services R&D Biotechnology, Life, Medical Science Chemicals Electronics Engineering Environment & Clean Technologies IT Other Natural Sciences Financial Intermediation & Other Business Activities Engineering, Scientific & Technical Activities Finance & Insurance Other Business Activities Education, Health & Social Services Information & Communications Logistics Wholesale & Retail Trade Other Services Table. Private Sector Survey Respondents by Enterprise Ownership/Size and Industrial Classification

Table. Private Sector Survey Respondents by Bands of R&D Expenditure and Industrial Classification $, & below $, $, $, $,, $,, $,, $,, $,, $,, $,, Primary Industries & Construction Agriculture & Fishing Mining, Quarrying, Energy & Water Construction Manufacturing Biomedical Manufacturing Medical Technology Pharmaceuticals Chemicals Petrochemicals Petroleum Specialties Other Chemicals Electronics Computer Peripherals Data Storage Electronics Modules & Components Infocomms & Consumer Electronics Semiconductor Precision Engineering Machinery & Systems Precision Modules & Components Transport Engineering Aerospace Land Marine & Offshore Engineering General Manufacturing Food, Beverage & Tobacco Printing & Recorded Media Other Mfg Industries Services R&D Biotechnology, Life, Medical Science Chemicals Electronics Engineering Environment & Clean Technologies IT Other Natural Sciences Financial Intermediation & Other Business Activities Engineering, Scientific & Technical Activities Finance & Insurance Other Business Activities Education, Health & Social Services Information & Communications Logistics Wholesale & Retail Trade Other Services $,, $,, $,, $,, $,, $,, $,, & Above

Table. Private Sector Survey Respondents by Bands of R&D Expenditure and R&D Manpower No. of R&D Manpower $, & below $, $, $, $,, $,, $,, $,, $,, $,, $,, and Below and Above Table. Time Series of Some Key Indicators Year RSEs Private Sector RSEs RSEs PG Students RSEs per k Labour Force RSEs + PG Students per k Labour Force R&D Expenditure ($m),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,................................................,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. $,, $,, Private Sector R&D Expenditure ($m)......,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. $,, $,, $,, $,, $,, & Above Private Sector R&D Expenditure as % of R&D Expenditure R&D Expenditure as % of GDP Private Sector R&D Expenditure as % of GDP.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%

Table. Time Series of Some Key Indicators (Continued) Year Patents Applied Patents Awarded Patents Owned Licensing Revenue from Patents and New Technologies Developed in Singapore ($m) Sales Revenue from Commercialised Products/Processes Attributed to R&D Performed in Singapore ($m) Private Sector Survey Respondents Labour Force (') GDP ($m),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,....................,.,....,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,....,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,,,.,.,,.,.,.,.,.,.,. Source Yearbook of Statistics Source Singapore Department of Statistics: http://www.tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/publicfacing/createdatatable.action?refid= (Last updated Feb )

CORRECTIONS TO THE REPORT OF NATIONAL SURVEY OF R&D IN SINGAPORE The following are corrections to the report of the National Survey of R&D in Singapore. The corrected tables are set out below, where the corrected statistics are in red font. pieces of survey data which had been incorrectly entered previously was corrected. Table. R&D Expenditure by Type of Costs $ million Type of Costs Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes Capital Costs....,. Land, Buildings & Other Structures..... Vehicles, Plant, Machinery & Equipment....,. Manpower Costs,....,. Researchers,....,. RSEs #,....,. Postgrad students*.. NonDegree..... Technicians..... Other Supporting Staff..... Other Operating Costs,....,.,.,.,.,.,. Table. R&D Expenditure by Source of Funding $ million Source of Funding Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes Own Funds,....,. Private Sector..... Government Sector..,.,.,. Higher Education Sector..... ForeignBased Companies..... Foreign Governments & International Organisations.....,.,.,.,.,.

Table.A Researchers by Field of Science & Technology Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes Field of Science & Technology NonDegree NonDegree Postgrad Students NonDegree NonDegree NonDegree Biomedical & Related Sciences,,,,, Pharmaceutical Sciences & Manufacturing Engineering & Technology,,,,,,,,,, Mechanical Engineering, Natural Sciences (excluding Biological Sciences),,,,, Physical Sciences & Mathematics Other Areas,,,,,,,,,,,,, Table.B Researchers (FTE) by Field of Science & Technology Private Sector Government Sector Higher Education Sector Public Research Institutes Field of Science & Technology,, NonDegree NonDegree Postgrad Students NonDegree NonDegree NonDegree Biomedical & Related Sciences........,...,......,..,. Pharmaceutical Sciences & Manufacturing................... Engineering & Technology,.,.,.,.....,...,..,....,.,.,. Mechanical Engineering..,.................,. Natural Sciences (excluding Biological Sciences)..,.........,......,..,. Physical Sciences & Mathematics................... Other Areas..................,.,.,.,...,..,.,.,.,..,....,.,.,...,.....,.

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