SUBSTATION MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM Mr.S.S.Ghodhade #1,Dhiraj.D.Patil #2,Ajaykumar.S.Pujari #3,Sachin.S.Ayarekar #4, Prakash.B.Bandgar #, Ashwini.S.Waghmare #6 Assistant Prof. #1, Department of Electrical Engineering, Sanjay Ghodawat Group of Institutions, Kolhapur. Students of Electrical Engineering #23456,Sanjay Ghodawat Group of Institutions, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. dhiraj21051@gmail.com,ajay535425@gmail.com, godhade.ss@sginstitute.in Abstract This paper presents a methodology that can be used to evaluate the parameters that are important to the individual user and even to the individual substation equipment. The method recognizes parameters that are important to the individual user and can be tailored to individual circuits. The method recognizes the principles of asset and risk management. Monitoring is implemented on the basis of optimizing circuit breaker failures, delivery point reliability, equipment life, and maintenance effort while maximizing human and environmental safety, and return on assets. The electrical engineer designing a substation monitoring system must have a detailed knowledge of, power quality terms, present system capabilities and the needs of his client. A guide is presented to aid this engineer in assembling requirements in order to generate a quality specification. Examples of system designs and a case study are presented as well as justification concepts Keywords- Microcontroller 8051, Current transformer, Voltage transformer, Temperature sensor, Power supply, An Electromagnetic relay, LCD Display, PC I. INTRODUCTION This project deals with automation of substation monitoring and controlling. The advantages of remote Monitoring and controlling are well recognized by the various electricity boards in the country today. Not only does remote controlling lead to much power efficiency and better decision systems, it also brings intangibles like safety to the system. Though there exist various systems in the market that aid in remote monitoring, none has become an industry either standard or widely prevalent. The reasons range from limited computing power and lack of customizability to high price and absence of local technical support The Substation may experience many incipient faults due to various reasons. So the protection of these Substation from such faults is very important. The various faults are over voltage/current, undervoltage/current, overload, single phasing, speed variation, over temperature etc. The most important parameters are voltage, current, speed and temperature. II. THEME Our project is for substation protection and monitoring. For this system first we have survey of the substation. Understanding the equipment of the substation for protection and control. It consist transformer, switches, circuit breaker and other auxiliary equipment. Select the potential transformer, current transformer and temperature sensor for protection. Potential transformer for protection of over voltage Similarly, Current transformer for over current and over load Also temperature sensor used for sensing temperature of transformer winding. Monitoring can be used for many purposes. The most obvious is to determine the condition of the equipment. Recognize that monitoring can take many forms including: manual inspections (periodic visual inspections), continuous monitoring with a change in status/condition alarm as the only output (low level 475
alarm).monitoring should be applied when a cost/benefit value results from its use over alternatives without monitoring. The motive of this project is to achieve the far electrical parameters just like current, voltage and frequency. Also send this real time values through the PC with temperature value of transformer at substation and also electricity board. Another function of this project to protect the Electrical Circuitry by operating an Electromagnetic Relay. Figure 1- Block diagram A. Voltage transformer Figure 1.1- Voltage transformer PT 100:1 The other important section is that voltage sensing circuit, the voltage transformer is used as a voltage sensor from the single phase supply.the primary of transformer is utilized in parallel with the supply and the secondary conducts by mutual induction phenomenon. The transformer with the turns ratio of 100:1 is used in order to step down the voltage and further the voltage divider network is connected so as to get the required voltage for the energy IC. 476
B. Current transformer Figure 1.2- Current transformer- Turn Ratio = 1:N The current sensor senses the current level of the commercial single phase supply line. The Current transformer used here is the Current sensor. Current sensor we are using here is of 1: N ratio and the current provided to primary winding is directly drawn from the single phase supply. The amount of current drawn from the supply will be variable as it depends on the loads applied at the output. The primary is connected in series with single phase commercial line. The other way to sense the current is, series resistance method but in this method we will have to make the physical connection with the line which may sometime be hazardous for our meter. We have to connect a series resistance with the line, which should have very low and accurate value which doesn t happen practically. Thus, we are using the current sensor based on mutual inductance principle. C. Temperature sensor- LM35- Figure 1.3- LM 35 temp sensor The LM35 can be connected easily in the same way as other integrated circuit temperature sensors. It can be attach to a surface. Also its temperature will be within around the range of 0.011 C of the surface temperature. This presumes that the ambient air temperature is about the same to the surface temperature; if the air temperature were much higher or lower than the surface temperature, the actual temperature of the LM35 die will be at an middle temperature between the surface temperature and the air temperature. 477
D. Power supply- Figure 1.4- Power supply Power supply form the basic block diagram of electronic circuits and therefore its important to familiarize the DC power supply circuit building. The above circuit indicates a simple approach to construct DC power supply of 5V, 12V also -12V and the 230V AC mains supply. The Voltage ranges are 5V, 12Vand -12V are generally used in all types of simple electronic circuits. III. 8051 MICROCONTROLLER The microcontroller is most useful ic embedded system, electronic system, automatic model.8051 Microcontroller has many features like Serial Communication, Timers, Interrupts, etc. and therefore many students and engineers works on this concept of Microcontrollers. Also Even though 8051 Microcontroller must seem a little bit out of fashion, we observe that it is one of the very good platforms to get started with Microcontrollers, Embedded Systems and Programming (both C and Assembly). Ideal for many applications in which cost and space are critical In many applications, the space it takes, the power it consumes, and the price per unit are much more critical considerations than the computing power. An embedded product uses a microcontroller to do one task and one task only. There is only one application software that is typically burned into ROM. A PC, in contrast with the embedded system, can be used for any number of Applications. It has RAM memory and an operating system that loads a variety of applications into RAM and lets the CPU run them A PC contains or is connected to various embedded systems. Each one peripheral has a microcontroller inside the perform only task. 478
IV. SIMULATION MODEL Figure 4.1- Design of simulation Precision Rectifier Precision rectifier used for simulation of potential and current transformer The precision rectifier, which is also known as a super diode, is a configuration obtained with an operational amplifier. It can be useful for high-precision signal processing.r101, 103, 104 and 105 is critical for good performance, and all four resistors should be better The diode have been reversed to obtain positive rectified signal. The circuit shown above performs full-wave rectification on the input signal, as shown. If you require the last output to be positive instead of negative, simply reverses the two diodes in the half-wave rectifier part. The fullwave rectifier depends on the fact that both the half-wave rectifier and the summing amplifier are precision circuits. It works by producing an inverted half-wave-rectified signal. Then summing these signals at double amplitude to the original signal. The result is a reversal of the selected polarity of the input signal.the resistor values displays are reasonable. The resistors themselves might be of more precision in order to keep the rectification process more accurate. If for any reason you must design such a circuit with a different set of resistors values. Figure 4.2- Output Simulation on Proteus Software 479
V. COMPARISON OF OLD RESULTS AND NEW RESULTS This system is based upon microcontroller that is utilized for monitoring the voltage, current and temperature of a distribution transformer in a Substation and Electricity Board also to protect the system from the rise in described parameters. The main disadvantage of old system is lack of monitoring in the system the protection to the distribution transformer can be accomplished in the system. In this system it is capable of recognizing the breakdown caused due to overvoltage, over-current and temperature rise (high temperature).the above advantages does not present in the old system. Due to limited budgets only a small percentage of substations are monitored. In this way the main aim of this project is to monitor and controlling the substations of electricity board. the existing system not fulfilling some of the requirements of power system. In Our project circuit provide the solution for power system analysis such as short circuit, power flow, harmonics, relay coordination. The main questions are generally arises that why this project is adapted? Load sharing, short circuit, temperature rise, malfunctioning are eliminating by using this project. But we know that previous and old system are not having such qualities like this project. So considering all above problems we conclude that this project increases accuracy and safety of electrical system. So that this project will become milestone in coming years. this is the main advantages and features of this project. A. Hardware Result This hardware provides allowable scheduling and determining the extent of inspections also provide the maintenance as well as providing for personnel safety and protecting the environment. Figure 5.1- Main circuit- 480
Figure 5.2- Relay circuit- Figure 5.3- Final hardware with 3 Phase Load Of Distribution Transformer- VI. CONCLUSION Understanding the condition of substation power equipment has an inherent value based on preventing failure, maximizing future operation of the equipment, appropriately scheduling and determining the extent of inspections and maintenance, providing for personnel safety and protecting the environment. Monitoring has a net value based on the differential between all costs and all benefits. On-line condition monitoring can be an effective, economic and efficient means of gaining the required understanding of equipment condition if the appropriate combination of parameters to be monitored, the appropriate monitor(s), and the appropriate degree of monitoring is matched with the value provided by the specific substation power equipment in the overall power system. The challenge is to gather the combined talents 481
of equipment manufacturers, users of equipment, and manufacturers of monitoring devices and systems integrators to develop seamless, automated, delivery of operating and equipment condition information in an effective, efficient and economic manner. REFERENCE 1. IEEE Guide for Selection of Monitoring for Circuit Breakers, IEEE Std C37.10.10-2000, Mar. 2000. 2. CEA On-line Condition Monitoring of Substation Power Equipment - Utility Needs, CEA Project No. 485T1049, January 1997 3. IEEE Recommended Practice for Reporting Failure Data for Power Circuit Breakers, IEEE 1325-1996 4. IEEE Guide for circuit breaker diagnostics and failure investigation, IEEE C37.10-1996 5. IEEE Guide for Failure Investigation, Documentation, and Analysis for Power Transformer and Shunt Reactor, ANSI/IEEE C57.125-1991 6. IEEE Recommended practice for reporting failure data for power circuit breakers, IEEE 1325-1996 7. IEEE Guide for Reporting Failure Data for Power Transformers and Shunt Reactors on Electric Power Systems, ANSI/IEEE C57.117-1986 (Reaff 1992). 8. Power System Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Assessment of Reliability Worth in Electric Power Systems in Canada (NSERC Strategic Grant STR0045005 Prepared by the, June 1993) 9. W.J. Bergman, Selecting Substation Monitoring, IEEE Conference and Exposition on Transmission and Distribution, vol. 2, pp. 964-969, 2001. 10. CAPIEL, Switchgear and Electromagnetic Fields, CAPIEL HV-ESDD2-R1-10.02, 17 October 2002. 11. Jin Hua, Support System Design for High Voltage Electric Equipment Condition-based Maintenance of Transformer Substation, IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Power and Energy Engineering (APPEEC), pp. 1-3, 2010. 12. J. Farrero, R. Villafafile-Robles, J.L. Velasquez, G.Nicolau, S. Galceran-Arellano, A. Sudria-Andreu, P.Lloret and A. Sumper, Full Substation Monitoring,IEEE 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution-Part 1, pp. 1-3, 2009. 13. Pravin G. Dhawale, Devendra Gowda, Vivekananda Dembre, Integration of HVDC System with Renewable Energy", Volume 6, Issue II, International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET) Page No:1647-1650, ISSN : 2321-9653 482