THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NOVELS INTO FILM

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NOVELS INTO FILM

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NOVELS INTO FILM Second Edition FOREWORD BY ROBERT WISE JOHN C. TIBBETTS JAMES M. WELSH Additional Research by RODNEY HILL, BRUCE HUTCHINSON, GENE PHILLIPS, et al.

The Encyclopedia of Novels into Film, Second Edition Copyright 2005, 1998 by John C. Tibbetts and James M. Welsh All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tibbetts, John C. The encyclopedia of novels into film / John C. Tibbetts, James M. Welsh; additional research by Rodney Hill... [et al.] 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-5449-5 (hard.: alk. paper) 1. Film adaptations Catalogs. 2. Film adaptations. I. Welsh, James Michael. II. Title. PN1997.85.T54 2005 791.43'6 dc22 2004003317 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Cathy Rincon Cover design by Nora Wertz Illustrations by John C. Tibbetts Printed in the United States of America VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper.

This book is dedicated to Dr. Richard Dyer MacCann, a true pioneer in bringing cinema studies to the university curriculum, and to the memory and spirit of Dr. Edward L. Ruhe, who taught us how to think about the narrative potential of the cinema.

Contents acknowledgments ix how to use this book xi foreword xiii introduction xv entries A to Z 1 appendix: Scenes from a Hollywood Life: The Novelist as Screenwriter 517 selected bibliography 523 contributors 527 film title index 531 general index 538

Acknowledgments The editors of this volume wish especially to thank the following for their invaluable assistance and contributions in the preparation of this encyclopedia: first and foremost, to editors Hilary Poole and James Chambers of Facts On File, whose tireless efforts, patience, and consistent good humor helped us over many rough spots. To Jamie Warren, formerly of Facts On File, who first approved and supported the project four years ago. To Paul Scaramazza, long-time friend and boon companion, whose painstaking attention to the manuscript enabled us to correct errors too numerous to mention. To Joe Yranski, movie devotee and enthusiast, who unselfishly donated many stills from his extensive private collection. And to the members of the Literature/Film Association, founded in 1988 by the editors of Literature/Film Quarterly. This organization s annual national conferences, activities, and publications have in large measure both inspired this book and brought it to completion. Thanks are also due to Thomas L. Erskine of Salisbury State University, who was present at the inception of this project; to Anne Welsh, for her understanding and continued support; and the contributing editors of Literature/Film Quarterly, who participated in the writing of many entries. Particular thanks are in order to the four senior research assistants of this book: Father Gene D. Phillips, S.J., of Loyola University of Chicago, enjoys a continued productive career writing about films and filmmakers and literary adaptations. Heather Addison, Bruce Hutchinson, and Rodney Hill are currently doctoral candidates in the Theater and Film Department at the University of Kansas, Lawrence; their enthusiasm, research skills and computer savvy were enormously helpful. For many years we have enjoyed the close friendship and continuing support of many friends and colleagues at the University of Kansas, including Katherine Giele, former director of Student Union Activities (who also generously assisted in the organization of the KU Film Society) and Chuck Sack, friend and collaborator on many film projects; Professors Harold Orel, Marilyn Stokstad, Charles M. Berg, Jo Anderson, Edward Small, the late Edward L. Ruhe, and, finally, John Gronbeck-Tedesco, chairman of the Department of Theater and Film and editor of Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism. Lastly, a grateful tip of the hat is in order to Richard Dyer Mac- Cann, professor emeritus of the University of Iowa, formerly of the University of Kansas, whose pioneering efforts on behalf of academic film studies have been and continue to be an inspiration to us and to many other students and teachers of cinema studies. The photos in this book were originally distributed to publicize and/or promote films made or distributed by the following companies, to whom we gratefully offer acknowledgment: Argos/Comei/Pathé/Daiei; Artcraft; Cinema Center Films; Columbia; David O. Selznick; Dino De Laurentiis Cinematographica S.P.A.; Elmer Enterprises; Eon; Epoch, Famous Players-Lasky; Fantasy Films; Films du Carrouse/SEDIF; Filmways; Fox Film Corporation; Gainsborough; General Production; Island Alive; Landau-Unger; Long Road Productions; Metro; MGM; Newdon Company; NSW Film Corporation; Omni Zoetrope; Orion; Palomar/Chartoff-Winkler-Pollack; Panorama/Nordisk/Danish Film Institute; Picnic Productions; Paramount; Polaris; Prana; RKO; Samuel Goldwyn; Saul Zaentz Company; Speva/Ciné Alliance/Filmsonor; SRO; TCF/Rockley. Cacoyannis; Twentieth Century Fox; UFA; United Artists; Universal; Vanadas; Warner Brothers; World Entertainment. John C. Tibbetts, The University of Kansas James M. Welsh, Salisbury State University ix