VarioLED Flex Application Note

Application Note The new standard of light. Made in Germany.

2 As varied as your applications Choose between different lumen packages, wattages, color temperatures, color renderings or step dimensions, the right lamp for your application. Brilliant and sharply drawn, contrasting colors can be reached by using our LED tapes with CRI > 95 (TM-30-15: Rf > 95, Rg ~ 100). The versions SLD (250 mm), LD (125 mm) and HD (62.5 mm) differ in cut lengths and component density (LD = Low Density, HD = High Density). WHEN? In the morning At midday In the evening At night 4,000 K 5,000 K White 3,500 K HYDRA SLD Intended for soft ambient lighting and indirect view applications. Low light output without the need for dimming. 3,000 K HYDRA LD Intended for cove and accent lighting and other indirect view applications. HYDRA HD Intended for direct view applications with homogeneous output and the addition of a variety of lenses. FOR WHAT? General lighting Cove lighting Accent lighting Decoration lighting Wall washing 2,700 K 2,500 K ATON Intended for applications requiring a high brilliance and homogeneity of light such as retail and accent lighting. ECO Intended for applications where cost savings are desired, without significantly impacting quality and performance. Perfect for decorative lighting applications in mill work, furniture and backlighting applications. Wall grazing Contour lighting Orientation lighting Task lighting 2,200 K 2,000 K

3 IQ White 2,200 K - FOR WHOM? Pupils, Students Senior citizens Hotel guests Employees Pedestrians Artists Feeling of spaciousness and comfort through the intelligent combination of the color temperature from 2,200 K 4,000 K near the Planckian curve. Suited for decorative to general lighting tasks. 4,000 K RGB Atmospheric lighting and color accents for decorative lighting, wall graze or wall wash applications. Stage your application in color. 532 622 WHERE? Outdoors Hospitality Industrial Office Educational institutions Residential Shop, Retail Architectural, Façade Art, Culture Spa, Wellness 466

4 Portfolio overview Voltage (V) CRI Lumen/W (lm/w) Beam angle ( ) Watt/m (Watt/ft) Lumen/m 1, 2 (Lumen/ft 1, 2 ) min. Length mm (in) max. Length m (ft) VarioLED Flex HYDRA SLD3 White HYDRA SLD3 85 163 2.9 (0.9) 470 (122) 250 (9.8) 10 (32.8) VarioLED Flex HYDRA LD White HYDRA LD5 Ra/CRI > 90 95 144 4.8 (1.5) 690 (146) 125 (4.9) 7.5 (.6) HYDRA LD10 85 144 9.6 (2.9) 1,380 (360) 125 (4.9) 5 (16.4) HYDRA LD15 85 144 15.4 (4.7) 2,210 (576) 125 (4.9) 4 (13.1) HYDRA LD25 85 144 25 (7.6) 3,600 (936) 125 (4.9) 3 (9.8) HYDRA LD40 85 108 40.3 (12.3) 4,350 (1,213) 125 (4.9) 2 (6.6) VarioLED Flex HYDRA HD White HYDRA HD6 Ra/CRI > 90 95 144 5.8 (1.8) 830 (174) 62.5 (2.5) 5 (16.4) HYDRA HD10 Ra/CRI > 90 95 144 9.6 (2.9) 1,380 (290) 62.5 (2.5) 5 (16.4) HYDRA HD15 85 144 15.4 (4.7) 2,210 (576) 62.5 (2.5) 4 (13.1) HYDRA HD25 85 144 25 (7.6) 3,600 (936) 62.5 (2.5) 3 (9.8) HYDRA HD36 85 144 36.5 (11.1) 5,260 (1,366) 62.5 (2.5) 2 (6.6) VarioLED Flex ATON3 White ATON3 82 95 9.6 (2.9) 910 (277) 62.5 (2.5) 5 (16.4) VarioLED Flex ATON Air White ATON Air 82 95 14.4 (4.4) 1,370 (418) 41.67 (1.6) 4 (13.1) VarioLED Flex ECO LD White ECO LD4 85 77 5 (1.5) 370 (113) 125 (4.9) 5 (16.4) ECO LD12 85 78 12.5 (3.8) 970 (296) 125 (4.9) 4 (13.1) VarioLED Flex ECO HD White ECO HD8 85 78 7.7 (2.4) 600 (183) 62.5 (2.5) 5 (16.4) ECO HD 85 78 25 (7.6) 1,940 (591) 62.5 (2.5) 3 (9.8) VarioLED Flex Side View ECO White LD Side View ECO LD10 80 88 60 9.6 (2.9) 841 (256) 125 (4.9) 5 (16.4) VarioLED Flex Side View ECO White HD Side View ECO HD20 80 88 60 19.2 (5.9) 1,683 (513) 62.5 (2.5) 4 (13.1) 1 The luminous flux is related to 5,000 K. With warmer light colors the luminous flux is reduced (4,000 K: 5%; 3,500 K: 7%; 3,000 K: 12%; 2,700 K: 17%; 2,500 K: 40%; 2,200 K: -42%; 2,000 K: 44%; 2,000 K: 44%)

5 Voltage (V) CRI Lumen/W Beam (lm/w) angle ( ) Watt/m (Watt/ft) Lumen/m1, 2 (Lumen/ft1, 2) min. Length mm (in) max. Length m (ft) XOOMINESCENT T5HE 48 85 142 17 (5.2) 2,420 (738) 280 (11) 33.6 (110.2) XOOMINESCENT T5HO 48 85 116 34 (10.4) 3,960 (1,207) 280 (11) 33.6 (110.2) 85 25 (7.6) 3,010 (918) 250 (9.8) 3 (9.8) IQ White ATON HD12 85 86 11.5 (3.5) 1,030 (314) 62,5 (2.5) 5 (16.4) IQ White ATON HD 85 89 23.8 (7.3) 2,130 (649) 62,5 (2.5) 4 (13.1) IQ White ATON HD42 85 90 42.2 (12.9) 3,780 (1,152) 62,5 (2.5) 2 (6.6) 45 15 (4.6) 672 (205) 125 (4.9) 4 (13.1) RGB HD10 54 10 (3) 544 (166) 62,5 (2.5) 5 (16.4) RGB HD20 51 22 (6.7) 1,016 (310) 62,5 (2.5) 4 (13.1) ATON R 22 165 8 (2.4) 174 (53) 125 (4.9) 7.5 (.6) ATON Y 13 165 8 (2.4) 104 (32) 125 (4.9) 7.5 (.6) ECO LD4 B 28 4 (1.2) 106 (32) 125 (4.9) 5 (16.4) ECO LD4 G 110 4 (1.2) 418 (127) 125 (4.9) 5 (16.4) ECO HD8 B 27 8 (2.4) 211 (64) 62,5 (2.5) 5 (16.4) ECO HD8 G 109 8 (2.4) 835 (255) 62,5 (2.5) 5 (16.4) XOOMINESCENT White VarioLED Flex IQ White HYDRA LD IQ White HYDRA LD25 VarioLED Flex IQ White ATON HD VarioLED Flex RGB LD RGB LD15 VarioLED Flex RGB HD VarioLED Flex ATON Color 3 VarioLED Flex ECO Color LD VarioLED Flex ECO Color HD 3 Product discontinued at the end of 2016. Successor product in 2017 guaranteed! We offer customer specified customized flexible LED-strips from a total length of 5,000 m upwards. Please ask us how we can assist you in the development of linear lighting solutions for your applications. The luminous flux is related to 5,000 K. With warmer light colors the luminous flux is reduced (4,000 K: 5 %; 3,500 K: 7 %; 3,000 K: 12%; 2,700 K: 17 %; 2,500 K: 40%; 2,200 K: 42%; 2,000 K: 44 %; 2,000 K: 44 %) 1 2 For IQ White/RGB: The luminous flux was measured with all colors / channels at full power. Using single colors / channels reduces the luminous flux. LED Linear GmbH

6 Flexible light from the reel for architecture and interior design VarioLED Flex enables new application fields through innovation and technology. Depending on the step length this linear LED lamp can be cut from the reel to the desired length in multiples of the step measurement. A reflective white surface ensures maximum reflection of light. A thermally enhanced 3M tape on the back ensures a reliable connection of the lamp on surfaces and profiles with superior heat management. The 3 pillars of VarioLED Flex series: Japanese LED American standards German engineering The VarioLED Flex convinces with up to 7,200 lm/m and 168 lm/w and a high color rendering up to CRI > 95 in IP00. Also available in IP67 and in aluminum profile. The small cross-section of 9.5 mm x 1.4 mm (W x H) allows the use in almost all applications with limited space. Due to the stud and screw less installation, the VarioLED Flex product family is the alternative to rigid FR4 based Zhaga modules with superior thermal management.

7 Europe's state-of-the-art reel to reel assembly for flexible printed circuit boards Currently, VarioLED Flex is manufactured in Germany on the most modern assembly plant in Europe for reel to reel processing. Reel to reel means an unwinding of the flexible substrate at the process start and direct reeling of the finished product after cutting the equipped, soldered and tested product into the desired strips. This highly automated process allows the assembly of up to 45,000 components per hour, meeting the highest demands on the quality of VarioLED Flex series at the same time. Advantages: High through put Capacity of up to 750 km LED tape annually Highly efficient due to 8 simultaneous processes Entire control of all production processes Batch traceability through QR-Information Delivery reliability Flexible substrates Customized products on request

8 HYDRA All benefits at a glance Circuit board (Tj-Away ) Optimized heat transfer from the LED to the support material by the linear, flexible printed circuit board with Tj-Away technology (Thermal Junction Away). Brightness Outstanding lumens per meter across all available light colors and color renderings. Reflective Surface The unique coating ensures a high quality reflection of the emitted light and protects the printed circuits.

9 From the reel VarioLED Flex is available in lengths from 2 m to 33 m and can be cut to the desired length depending on the step measurement. Customer assembly depending on step measurement Super low density: SLD (250 mm / 9.84"), XOOMINESCENT (280 mm / 11.02") Low density: LD, ECO LD (125 mm / 4.92") High density: HD, ATON3, ECO HD (62.5 mm / 2.46") Super high density: ATON Air (41.67 mm / 1.64") Lifetime > 60,000 h @ L90 B10, for all VarioLED Flex HYDRA > 60,000 h @ L80 B10, for all VarioLED Flex (White) OBO (One Bin Only) Impressive color consistency with within 3-step MacAdam ellipses. The One Bin Only agreement guarantees consistency between applications and project phases. CC driver Uniform brightness from the first to the last LED guarantees a finely adjusted constant current regulator on each step. A uniform control of the LEDs ensures constant light output and has a positive effect on the lifetime. LED High quality Japanese LED packages selected for long lifetime, efficiency and outstanding light quality. Certain packages offer CRI up to 95 and R9 values up to 65.

10 Description of the components 61 C 57 C 52 C 47 C Flexible printed circuit board (Tj-Away ) 42 C Heat management is in the focus during the whole development process of the flexible circuit board technology. 37 C 32 C The Tj-Away (Thermal Junction Away) Technology is characterized by large copper areas below the LED, which ensure rapid heat dissipation and heat spread away from the LED. Chip Junction, Tj LED Chip 27 C Due to Tj-Away we achieve thermal power densities less than 0.42 W/cm 2 with our high performance tapes such as VarioLED Flex HYDRA LD40 with electrical input power of 40 W/m. The 30 m thin adhesive tape with superior heat conduction guarantees rapid heat transfer into aluminum profiles. Flexible printed circuit board Heat Slug 5 W/11.88 cm 2 = 0.42 W/cm 2 1,4 mm VarioLED Flex HYDRA LD40 (back side) CC constant current regulator Uniform brightness from the first to the last LED. The use of integrated circuit electronics (constant current regulator) on our circuit boards ensures a consistent and precise (± 0.5 ma) control of each LED. The constant direct current has a positive effect on the lifetime. The use of the constant current regulator minimizes voltage fluctuations in the lamp system. LED (= Light Emitting Diode) Japanese LEDs of the highest quality in 8 different color temperatures (2,000 K 5,000 K) with strictly selected CIE bins within 3 step MacAdams Ellipse. For perfect brightness uniformity the LED forward voltage V f and lumen flux Φ are carefully selected and adopted to the electrical circuit design. The natural emission spectra of the LED mimic the wavelength composition of the sun and ensures extraordinary color rendition capabilities (CRI 85 up to 95, TM-30-15: Rf > 95, Rg ~ 100). The LEDs have an integrated ESD protection, which protects the device against short-term surges and increases the lifetime. Record breaking brightness LED Linear offers the brightest CV-based flex tape portfolio on the market. Up to 5,300 lm/m @ W850 are unmatched in this area and thus even suitable for use in high-bay applications.

11 Superior features and benefits One Bin Only and Color Consistency One Bin Only stands for true color consistency within a 3 step MacAdams Ellipse located in the center ANSI bin. During the standardized LM80 test cycle time of 10,000 hours the maximum color shift Δu'v' is better than 0.001 (< 1 SDCM) which guarantees impressive color consistency. The absolute CIE (x,y) drift stays well within a 3 step MacAdams ellipse and cannot be recognized by the human eye. 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 16 ANSI binnings with 3 step MacAdams ellipsis and limits of the color shift (Δu'v') @ 2,700 K Maximum anticipated Color Shift of the reference LED @ 2,700 K Initial color measuring tolerances of the LED LED Manufacturers also perform primary measurements on their LEDs after production with a given tolerance. These measurements evaluate the initial color space within the CIE 1931 and the color variation range with respect to the CIE reference. LED Linear only uses the highest quality LEDs available on the market with a tight initial color space tolerance of CIE (x,y) = +/- 0.003. LED Color Initial Measuring Tolerance CIE (x,y) = +/ 0.003 CIE (x,y) = +/ 0.005 CIE (x,y) = +/ 0.010 LED Linear Competitor A Competitor B CCT Reported CCT Variation 2,200 K +/ 39 K +/ 96 K +/ 192 K 3,000 K +/ 56 K +/ 126 K +/ 252 K 4,000 K +/ 78 K +/ 164 K +/ 328 K

12 Superior features & benefits Lifetime & Lifetime specifications The luminous flux and the lifetime of LED products are exponentially proportional to the development of heat, for example the LED chip at the point where the light is generated. This place is commonly called Thermal-Junction (Tj). In the development of LED Linear products we pay particular attention to the fact that at an ambient temperature of Ta = 45 C, the temperature at the Junction Tj does not exceed = 95 C. This enables us to guarantee lifetimes of at least 60,000 hours with also a very low degradation of luminous flux. For this degradation there are parameters (L x & B y) which describe the changing luminous flux over the operating time. L90/B10 > 60.000 h > 60.000h @ L90 B10, for all VarioLED Flex HYDRA L80/B10 > 60.000 h > 60.000h @ L80 B10, for all VarioLED Flex (White) The VarioLED Flex HYDRA series has a luminous flux of minimum 90% (L90) of the initial luminous flux within 60,000 h, with 10% (B10) of the LEDs can be lower and thus consequently 90% are above at specification based conditions.

13 Constant Voltage vs. Constant Current LED Drive Curcuit diagram Constant Voltage (CV) Constant Current (CC) +UCV CV PSU GND Current Regulator Ι +UCC CC PSU GND R Ι Characteristics LED Drive Constant Voltage (12,, 48 VDC) Constant Current (ma) Luminous Flux Stability Homogeneous brightness levels by constant current regulators on each module Brightness stability depends on the used PSU and binning U f Modul length Variable, long module lengths possible Fix, short module lengths in SELV SELV < 60 VDC Simply to ensure by CV LED Drive U f cumulative, SELV area only within boundaries Binning U f LED Not critical due to CC driver architecture Very important, since the voltage in the system is variable PSU Costs Operation with CV PSUs. Changes in the module length have no influence Operation with CV PSUs. Changes in the module length have no influence Operation with CC PSUs. Change of the module length needs to be adjusted in the driver Lower costs, CC-drive are cheaper than CV drive through less components on the LED-module Installation & Cabling Low wiring requirements due to larger module lengths Higher wiring effort due to fixed module lengths Features Supply voltage U in Constant U in Variable U in Supply current Constant I in (CC-Regulator) Constant I in (PSU) Lamp lengths Free scaleable Limited by U f System stability Stable Unstable, if U f Binning is not homogeneous Benefits Very stable lamp system Easy installation, length scalability Egalisation of small changings in Binning U f Cheaper to produce, more costs efficient Higher lamp efficiency

14 Flexible PCB versus rigid PCB LED light engines The choice of the printed circuit board technology, whether rigid or flexible, is a fundamental choice in developing an LED lamp with respect to lifetime, light intensity, form factors, flexibility and function in the application. VarioLED Flex(ible) Generic Rigid LED-Module (Zhaga) Reliability, durability and thermals of the flexible PCB technology Outperforming reliability and less interface connections (solder joints, connectors, contact crimps, etc.) Exceptional thermal stability due to direct contact of the flexible printed circuit board with the heat sink. This allows the use of powerful LEDs and ensures high lifetime and reliability of the system. Optimum heat dissipation due to the direct connection to the heat sink. Lower LED Junction Temperature (Tj) ensures a long lifetime with minimal degradation effects (lumen degradation and color location shift) LED modules based on flexible printed circuit board technology achieve thermal advantage of 30% compared to rigid systems, such as FR4 based on Zhage boards 72.0 63.2 54.3 45.5 36.7 41.0 115.0 88.9 62.8 36.7 LED-Junction Temperatur Tj < 65 C LED-Junction Temperatur Tj > 95 C Cost savings Easy wiring of the LED tape in the luminaire Miniaturization of luminaires, smaller cross sections possible Easy mounting, no screws needed Can be cut at predefined points, making it field attachable and suitable for customer assembly Requires little space and reduces storage costs

15 IES TM-30-15 reports for white LED-strips In May 2015 the Illuminating Engineering Society proposed a new calculation method for the color rendering of LEDs. This new method is described in detail in the technical memorandum IES TM-30-15. This new method assesses the spectral power distribution (SPD) of white light sources near the Planck locus regarding the color fidelity, color discrimination and color preference. The TM-30-15 method utilizes 99 color evaluation samples (CES) each represented by a spectral reflectance factor function to quantify the difference in color rendition between the test source and reference source. This allows a much more differentiated assessment of the color rendering of a light source compared to the CRI method utilizing only 8 reference colors. The introduced Fidelity Index R f and the Gamut Index R g characterizing the light source will help our customers to specify our luminaires more easily for certain applications or for projects with given design rules. The measurements of the spectral power distribution are conducted at 25 C ambient temperature in the photometric laboratory of LED Linear using an absolute calibrated spectrometer BTS256-LED in the integrating Ulbricht sphere ISD-100HF-V01 (both Gigahertz Optik, Germany). The tested CRI 95+ and CRI 85+ LED types used for the HYDRA White products are tested with the following photometric codes: W927, W930, W935, W940, W820, W822, W825, W827, W830, W835, W830, W850. This report is based on calculations processed with the IES TM-30-15 Advanced Calculation Tool (version 1.01 as of 2015-10-02), provided by the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES). Example W930/3,000 K Photom. code CCT CRI R9 TM-30-15 R f TM-30-15 R g W930 3,000 K 96 70 91 101

LED Linear GmbH I VarioLED Flex Application Note Art.-# 18458 Edition 02/2017 I All rights reserved. I The technical data was correct at time of print. Subject to change. I Download: http://www.led-linear.com/downloads/