INMARSAT > CTO> Spectrum Management ITU-APT Foundation of India NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON WRC-19 PREPARATION 22 nd February 2018, New Delhi Agenda Item 1.5 - ESIM in 27.5-29.5 GHz (tx) and 17.7-19.7 GHz (rx) Agenda Item 9.1(Issue 9.1.7) Unauthorised transmission from Earth Station Terminals Copyright Inmarsat Global Limited 2017
What are ESIM (Earth Stations in Motion)? People want to use these.. anytime, anywhere! ESIM allow Mobile Satellite Systems type applications in Fixed-Satellite Service (FSS) networks; User terminals with small directional antennas for broadband communication services to aircraft, vessels and land vehicles;
WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5 Resolution 158 (WRC-15) - Studies for ESIM in 27.5-29.5 GHz and 17.7-19.7 GHz WRC-15 already adopted Resolution 156 for ESIM in 29.5-30.0GHz and 19.7-20.2GHz Resolution 158 of WRC-15 resolves to invite the ITU-R 1. To study the technical and operational characteristics and user requirements of ESIM and the requirement for flexible use of spectrum to provide ESIM services; 2. To study sharing and compatibility between ESIM and current and planned stations of existing services allocated in the bands; 3. To develop technical conditions and regulatory provisions for ESIM operation.
WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5 - Resolution 158 (WRC-15) Resolves 1: User requirement & flexible use of spectrum ESIM user requirements are driven by the need to have the same quality of broadband connectivity delivered by terrestrial networks in locations where terrestrial connectivity is not available. Further information in: Section 2 of WP4A preliminary draft new Report ITU-R S.[AGENDA ITEM 1.5] Flexible use of spectrum: the operation of ESIM is global and as ESIM move from one country or region to another, different operational constraints apply in various portions of the band due to local sharing requirements. For example, operation of mobile and fixed services differs from country to country (e.g. 27.8285-28.4445 GHz and 28.8365-29.4525 GHz in CEPT is allocated to FS and 27.5-28.35 GHz in US is allocated to MS); ESIM operator will need to have access to different parts of the band in different countries to provide the intended service. For example, a protection distance from the shore of a country may be required to protect FS in the band 27.8285-28.4445 GHz from M-ESIM. In this case, the M-ESIM can switch operational frequencies to a different portion of the 27.5-29.5 GHz band where there is no terrestrial deployment in order to approach the shores of that country. Further information in: Section 2.2 of WP4A preliminary draft new Report ITU-R S.[AGENDA ITEM 1.5]
WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5 - Resolution 158 (WRC-15) Resolves 1: ESIM Operational Characteristics ESIM on all platforms operate, as in Resolution 156 (WRC-15): With tracking antennas with typical ±0.2 degrees pointing accuracy that will instantaneously inhibit transmissions should mis-pointing occur. This allows for operation of ESIM in closely spaced GSO FSS environment. Spectrum can be shared between multiple satellite operators. Under continuous control of 24/7 Network Control and Monitoring Center (NCMC) which ensures operation is within prescribed parameters and can cease transmission in case of anomaly/interference; In compliance with off-axis e.i.r.p limits in cases where coordination agreements with other satellite operators are not yet concluded. More stringent measures than traditional VSAT networks in the band! Further information in: Section 3 of WP4A preliminary draft new Report ITU-R S.[AGENDA ITEM 1.5] as well as Reports ITU-R S.2223 and S.2357-0.
WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5 - Resolution 158 (WRC-15) Resolves 2: Sharing and compatibility studies in 27.5-29.5 GHz Services to which the band is already allocated will be protected from transmitting ESIM in the 27.5-29.5GHz band. Measures to protect Fixed Service will also protect Mobile Service (lower antenna gains, less sensitive). Further information in: Section 4 of WP4A preliminary draft new Report ITU-R S.[AGENDA ITEM 1.5] as well as PDNRs S./M.[ESIM-MS], S./F.[ESIM-FS] and S.[ESIM] Service Current Status in WP4A Fixed Service and Mobile Service A(eronatical)-ESIM: terrestrial systems can be protected if a Power Flux Density mask (Recognising further k) of Res is met on the ground. Based on CEPT regulations for A-ESIM where PFD levels have 158) in 27.5-29.5GHz band been successfully used since 2013. Similar solution for Aircraft Earth Station in Ku-band ( REC ITU-R M.1643). M(aritime)-ESIM: terrestrial systems can be protected if a distance from the shore of any administration is respected. Similar solution in REC ITU-R SF.1650-1 and Res. 902 (WRC-13) for Earth Stations on Vessels (ESVs) in C and Ku-band. SF.1650-1 methodology indicate distances between 60-70 km for M-ESIM L(and)-ESIM: operation can be coordinated with neighbouring countries via bi- or multilateral negotiations. Reports with guidance for coordination of L-ESIM are being prepared in WP 4A.
WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5 - Resolution 158 (WRC-15) Resolves 2: Sharing and compatibility studies in 27.5-29.5 GHz (continued) Service EESS (passive) in 28.5-29.5 GHz (Recognising further m) of Res 158) NGSO FSS systems in 27.5-28.6 GHz (Recognising further e) and b) of Res 158) NGSO FSS systems in 28.6-29.1 GHz (Recognising further f) and b) of Res 158) NGSO MSS feeder links in 29.1-29.5 GHz (Recognising further h) and j) of Res 158) BSS feeder links (Recognising further i) of Res 158) Current Status in WP4A WP 7B indicated that no EESS operational scenarios need to be studied under agenda item 1.5. The interference environment remains unchanged compared to stationary FSS earth stations. Through RR No. 5.484A, non-gso FSS systems operating in the band 27.5-28.6 GHz are not entitled to claim protection from GSO FSS networks. ESIM operation can be taken into consideration during coordination with the NGSO network operators in a similar manner to coordination of GSO FSS networks operating stationary FSS earth stations. Additional ESIM emission limits to protect NGSO FSS networks for cases when coordination has not been completed are being discussed at 4A. ESIM operation can be taken into consideration during coordination with the NGSO FSS/MSS feeder link operators in a similar manner to coordination of GSO FSS networks operating stationary FSS earth stations. ESIM operation can be taken into consideration during coordination with the BSS operators in a similar manner to coordination of GSO FSS networks operating stationary FSS earth stations. GSO FSS (Recognising further b) and i) of Res 158) ESIM operation can be taken into consideration during coordination with another GSO FSS operator in a similar manner to coordination of GSO FSS networks operating stationary FSS earth stations.
Service WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5 - Resolution 158 (WRC-15) Resolves 2: Sharing and compatibility studies in 17.7-19.7 GHz Fixed service and mobile service (Recognising further k) of Res 158) EESS (passive) in 18.6-18.8 (Recognising further l) of Res 158) NGSO FSS systems in 17.8-18.6 GHz (Recognising further e) of Res 158) NGSO FSS systems in 18.8-19.3 GHz (Recognising further f) and b) of Res 158) NGSO MSS feeder links in 19.3-19.7 GHz (Recognising further g) of Res 158) BSS feeder links in 17.7-18.4 GHz (Recognising further a) andc) of Res 158) GSO FSS (including HDFSS) (Recognising further b) and d) of Res 158) Current Status in WP4A In this band ESIM terminals are receiving and will not claim any protection from terrestrial services. In addition, PFD limits in RR Article 21 protect terrestrial services from FSS satellite emissions (also applicable to GSO FSS satellites with ESIM). WP7B could not identify any scenarios where introduction of ESIM would change the existing interference environment. ESIM terminals are receiving and GSO FSS satellites that support ESIM terminals are no different from GSO FSS satellites operating stationary FSS earth stations. NGSO FSS systems would protect ESIM through use of existing epfd limits similarly to stationary GSO FSS earth stations. ESIM terminals are receiving and GSO FSS satellites that support ESIM terminals are no different from GSO FSS satellites operating stationary FSS earth stations. The protection of ESIM terminals can be taken into consideration during coordination with the NGSO network operators. ESIM terminals are receiving and GSO FSS satellites that support ESIM terminals are no different from GSO FSS satellites operating stationary FSS earth stations. The protection of ESIM terminals can be taken into consideration during coordination with the NGSO FSS/MSS feeder link operators. ESIM terminals are receiving and GSO FSS satellites that support ESIM terminals are no different from GSO FSS satellites operating stationary FSS earth stations. ESIM will not claim protection from BSS feeder uplinks. ESIM terminals are receiving and GSO FSS satellites that support ESIM terminals are no different from GSO FSS satellites that operate stationary FSS earth stations. The protection of ESIM terminals can be taken into consideration during coordination with other GSO FSS network operators.
WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5 - Resolution 158 (WRC-15) Resolve 3: Technical and regulatory conditions for ESIM operation Agreement in WP4A to solve AI 1.5 by way of a new Resolution at WRC- 19, which utilises Resolution 156 (WRC-15) text on ESIM operation in 29.5-30 GHz and 19.7-20.2 GHz as much as possible. The main ideas different from Res 156 of WRC-15 that have been proposed to the new Resolution for ESIM in 27.5-29.5 GHz and 17.7-19.7 GHz are as follows: PFD limit on the ground for protection of terrestrial services from A-ESIM emissions; Distance from shore of an administration for the protection of terrestrial services from M- ESIM emissions; Provisions to protect NGSO systems with which coordination has not been concluded; ESIM will not claim protection from BSS links in the 17.7-18.4 GHz band; Full text of the Example Resolution for WRC-19 is provided as an Attachment to Draft CPM text developed in WP4A
WRC-19 Agenda Item 9.1 (Issue 9.1.7) Issue 2) in the Annex to Resolution 958 (WRC-15) 2) Studies to examine: a) whether there is a need for possible additional measures in order to limit uplink transmissions of terminals to those authorized terminals in accordance with No. 18.1; b) the possible methods that will assist administrations in managing the unauthorized operation of earth station terminals deployed within its territory, as a tool to guide their national spectrum management programme, in accordance with Resolution ITU-R 64 (RA-15).
WRC-19 Agenda Item 9.1 (Issue 9.1.7) Unauthorised uplink of earth station terminals in FSS bands Article 18 of the RR already contains provisions that the earth stations could be operated only if duly authorized. No. 18.1, in particular, provides that no transmitting station may be established or operated by a private person or any enterprise without a license issued in the appropriate form and in conformity with the provisions of the RR by or on behalf of the government of the country to which the station in question is subject. At the November 2017 meeting, WP1B made progress with the draft CPM text. Three draft options to address Issue 2a in Annex to Resolution 958 (WRC-15) Option 1: No changes to the Radio Regulations. Earth station licensing is the responsibility of the administration and no changes to the Radio Regulations are necessary as Article 18 sufficiently addresses the required regulatory measures One single option to address Issue 2b in Annex to Resolution 958 (WRC-15): Assistance to administrations in managing unauthorized operation of earth station terminals, can be accommodated with guidelines on satellite monitoring capabilities, ITU-R Reports and/or Handbooks as appropriate.
WRC-19 Agenda Item 9.1 (Issue 9.1.7) Other draft options to address Issue 2a in Annex to Resolution 958 (WRC-15) Option 2A (+ new WRC Resolution): Introduce the following additional measure: that for the connection of any earth station terminals to operate within a FSS network from any administration through a gateway earth station, the notifying administration for the gateway earth station needs to ensure that the earth station terminals have obtained the required authorization as referred to in No. 18.1 of the RR, from the administrations on whose territory the earth station terminals intend to operate. o Appears to assign excessive responsibility to the administration of the gateway earth station, which is not practicable. While information could be sought from the gateway licensee, the gateway licensee would need to seek information from the satellite operator, which in turn, would have to seek information from the multiple distribution/service providers in various countries. In practice, there would be no means for the gateway administration to verify the information. Option 2B (+ new WRC Resolution): Introduce the following additional measure: that any administration may decide at any moment, even after the operation of the assignments to a FSS satellite network, to request that its territory be excluded from the service area of certain FSS satellite network(s). This request shall be immediately communicated to the notifying administration of the satellite network with a copy to the BR. As a result the administration which has requested the exclusion shall no longer authorize the operation of any earth station terminals that were subject to the request for exclusion. o The possibility not to authorise operation of earth station terminals in any country s territory is already, by definition, under the jurisdiction of the administration! Also, unnecessary level of technical complexity if the coverage area were to be modified with the satellite already in service. Overall feasibility needs to be assessed. Option 3: WRC-19 may decide to strengthen the current procedures as currently contained in Appendix 4 of the RR to limit Global beams service areas, unless explicit agreement is obtained from administrations, the territory of which is intended to be included in the service area and that country would no longer be receiving the signal by the satellite. o It is not always possible for the antenna beam to follow national borders. In particular, for global beam antennas, there is no technical way of removing a particular country. Also, this would exclude all users in a country from being able to uplink to the satellite in question - not only those users which are not correctly authorised. Moreover, this option relates to the reception of satellite signals and therefore appears to be out-of-scope of the agenda item.
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