GALILEO Research and Development Activities Second Call Area 1A GNSS Introduction in the Maritime Sector Statement of Work Rue du Luxembourg, 3 B 1000 Brussels Tel +32 2 507 80 00 Fax +32 2 507 80 01 www.galileoju.com - 1 -
TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION...3 1.1 BACKGROUND...3 1.1.1 The Roles of GNSS in the Maritime Sector...3 1.2 ACRONYMS...4 1.3 OVERALL OBJECTIVES...4 2 DESCRIPTION OF WORK...5 2.1 APPLICATION CONSOLIDATION...5 2.2 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT...6 2.2.1 Technical Development...6 2.2.2 Complementary Functionality...8 2.2.3 Business and Market...8 2.2.4 Service Provision...9 2.2.5 Awareness and Training...9 2.2.6 Legislation & Regulations... 10 2.2.7 Standardisation & Certification... 10 2.2.8 Related Issues... 10 2.3 DEMONSTRATION...11 3 INPUTS... 11 4 SCHEDULE & MILESTONES... 12 5 MANAGEMENT... 12-2 -
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.1.1 The Roles of GNSS in the Maritime Sector In the Maritime domain, GNSS is already a well-established aid to navigation for many application types, ranging from Open Ocean Navigation through to Oil Exploration. In the framework of European sponsored programmes (both EC and ESA) various aspects of Maritime utilisation of GNSS have in the past, and continue to be studied. These studies cover many aspects of utilisation, including precision harbour docking, integration of position with various information systems and seamless navigation from open oceans through to inland waterways. Whilst all such studies contribute to and facilitate the adoption of GNSS in the maritime community in order to deliver a positive influence on aspects of operation including safety, security and cost, they do not in all instances focus specifically on the benefit and utilisation of the future Galileo System, and the smooth transition to this considering the existing and future use of GPS, SBAS and GBAS Augmentations. The overall objective of this project, is thus to, using as an input existing and ongoing maritime related activities of relevance (e.g. Margal and Marnis ), establish a clear link between concepts of maritime utilisation of GNSS and Galileo in order to ensure that Galileo is both fully considered in the near term when developing such concepts, and in the longer term by facilitating early demonstration of Galileo performance and functionality. It is believed that the target application area for this domain should be that of highend usage as this is where the benefit of Galileo is most likely to be felt. Finally, the primary focus of this activity shall be technologically driven, leading to the physical realisation and demonstration of the targeted service concept. - 3 -
1.2 Acronyms AG AIS CDR EC EGNOS ESA GBAS GNSS GOC IALA IEC IMO RTCM SBAS SIS ICD SOW VTS Application Group Automatic Identification System Critical Design Review European Commission European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service European Space Agency Ground Based Augmentation System Global Navigation Satellite System Galileo Operating Company International Association of Lighthouse Authorities International Electrotechnical Commission International Maritime Organisation Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services Satellite Based Augmentation System Signal In Space Interface Control Document Statement Of Work Vessel Traffic System 1.3 Overall Objectives The main objectives of this Maritime project can be summarised as follows: Focus on the EGNOS and more specifically the future Galileo system differentiators (accuracy, robustness, integrity, service commitment.), to physically demonstrate the benefits of these in the Maritime domain. The application within which these differentiators are demonstrated must also be one where they are of a very real and necessary improvement to existing systems, or facilitate the development of new operational concepts; To bring together a cross-section of actors in the Maritime Domain necessary to cover all aspects of the Service Chain provision. This will include equipment manufacturers, service providers and vessel operators; To evaluate and assess the targeted Galileo based solutions social and commercial benefits against any currently exiting alternative scenarios if available (e.g. investments, standards, regulations, services and infrastructures); To consider, and be in line with any guidelines issued by the EC for the Maritime sector; To identify the key steps necessary to maximise the beneficial use of Galileo in a global context for the targeted application; To facilitate the adoption of Galileo in the Maritime domain by addressing it in existing and future standardisation activities where its specific consideration is required; - 4 -
To facilitate the adoption of Galileo in the Maritime domain by addressing it in existing and future regulatory activities (e.g. carriage requirements for Galileo) in both a European and Worldwide context; To provide a platform for the representation of the interests of this user community in the more general discussion of the optimisation of Galileo in terms of various aspects (e.g. commercial service definition, social benefits and public interests, industrial and research development and innovation, operational and system evolution); To provide a platform to facilitate and incorporate the opinion of appropriate experts in order to optimise the use of this technology in the target application; To act as an instrument for the dissemination and promotion of the benefits of Galileo with respect to the current alternatives, inside this Maritime user community; To build upon complementary activities, in particular those sponsored by the EC or ESA, in the domain of GNSS and Maritime usage, that have already been undertaken or are ongoing; If applicable, to contribute to the validation, qualification and certification of the targeted application service. 2 DESCRIPTION OF WORK The following section details the work to be undertaken in the frame of this activity. 2.1 Application Consolidation It is impossible within the framework of this activity to adequately address and demonstrate all Maritime application areas where Galileo may have an important role to play in the future. As such it is important to perform an initial analysis of the various applications in the Maritime domain where GNSS currently, or in the future will play a part, and shall require or take benefit from the advent of Galileo. Clearly this is likely to be predominantly linked, but not necessarily limited to High End applications with demanding requirements in terms of accuracy, availability and/or integrity. Having identified the various High End applications, these shall subsequently be grouped into AG s according to the most appropriate set of shared commonalities (e.g. same users, same service provision scheme, same Galileo service differentiators used etc.). Upon completion of the AG s, the next step is to elaborate the means by which these AG s can have the associated Galileo differentiator functionality developed and demonstrated within the timeframe of this project. Potential means to be utilised as part of this process include, EGNOS, GSTB-V2 and specifically in this case Galileo Pseudolites. The techniques selected must as a minimum facilitate the demonstration of the requirements detailed in Section 2.2 of this SOW. - 5 -
The next stage of this identification process is to select an AG or set of AG s that will be addressed as part of the application development and demonstration of this activity. As part of this identification process, the following aspects shall as a minimum be considered: Most appropriate way to fulfil the requirements; Most appropriate way to implement and demonstrate the service differentiators; Most appropriate AG/AGs in terms of benefit to be gained from the introduction of Galileo; Most critical AG/AGs to be addressed in order to facilitate the introduction of Galileo in the Maritime domain; Consolidation of requirements for the targeted AG/AGs. As part of this process it is important to fully consider the objectives of the project as described in the SOW. This work shall confirm the type and nature of the AG/AGs to be targeted. Having made this selection it shall also be possible to finalise the detailed definition of the work to be undertaken with respect to the various aspects raised in Section 2.2 of this SOW. This process shall be finalised prior to, and form a major part of, the CDR, the successful completion of which shall mark the end of this phase of the project. 2.2 Application Development Clearly the precise nature of the development performed within the framework of this activity will be closely linked to the AG/AG s chosen as a result of the work performed under section 2.1 of this SOW. However, as detailed in Section 2.1 of this SOW, a minimum set of requirements should be met as part of this process, and these are detailed in the following sub-sections. It is important to note that within the Application Development activity, Technical Development, Implementation and Testing shall be the primary focus. 2.2.1 Technical Development Vessel Born Equipment Clearly in order to develop and demonstrate Galileo performance in a Maritime environment, it is necessary to have vessel born equipment that delivers levels of performance reflective of the Galileo differentiation. The most obvious item to develop is a Maritime GNSS receiver that will have Galileo, GPS, SBAS and GBAS functionality. It is important that this is developed as an integral part of this activity, as it is only through this that various Galileo related differentiators can be tested and demonstrated. Such a development shall also deliver the ability to have a single equipment fit that can meet the requirements for all phases - 6 -
of vessel operation (e.g. Open Ocean Navigation, Coastal Navigation, Port Approach, Inland Waterway Navigation and Precision Docking), and shall also contribute to the concept of seamless navigation between various operational phases. This is an issue being investigated in the MARGAL, and is one that should be continued in this activity. Whilst the integration and presentation of positioning information with various other information sources to the mariner is an important aspect to consider, it shall not form a major part of this activity, as this shall be more comprehensively addressed within the framework of the EC sponsored MARNIS activity. Terrestrial Based Equipment The Maritime community have traditionally been one of the main exponents of local augmentations to GPS (e.g. IALA Beacons), and it is reasonable to assume that this will continue with the advent of Galileo. Areas where it shall be advantageous to demonstrate Galileo Local Service functionality include: Improving Accuracy This is traditionally the performance criterion that has been addressed through local/regional augmentations to GPS in the maritime sector. If one considers positioning requirements for Maritime applications at three orders of magnitude (10m, 1m and 10cm), then it is at the 1m and 10cm level that local augmentations shall be necessary. A major differentiator between Galileo and GPS shall be the multiple civil frequencies offered to the Maritime user. The provides the opportunity for investigation of performance enhancements with respect to high accuracy carrier phase positioning in terms of time to resolution, robustness of the solution and range over which the solution is achievable. As part of the project, it is of particular interest to investigate the provision of highend accuracy services. As part of this process, the seamless transferral between the various positioning techniques (Stand Alone, Differential Code and Differential Carrier) should also be fully considered. Improving Integrity A second area where Galileo Local Augmentations are likely to play a role is with respect to the provision of Local Integrity. The overall concept of integrity as applicable to the requirements of the Maritime community is deserving of consideration, and the advent of Galileo with its Global Integrity concept, the relationship and performance that combined Galileo/GPS operation will deliver in the integrity process (e.g. RAIM), and the role of Galileo Local Service provision in the delivery of further enhancements, shall be considered. As part of this activity, it is of particular interest to investigate the role and provision of the appropriate levels of all aspects (Time To Alarm, Alarm Limit, Risk of Missdetection) local integrity in the various phases of navigation. Again, the seamless - 7 -
transferral between the various performance levels should also be fully considered as part of this process. Improving Availability Local Augmentations can improve the availability of positioning information through the deployment and operation of Galileo pseudolites. With respect to the successful fulfilment of the objectives of this project, the use of pseudolites can contribute in two ways: Provision of Galileo like signals that can be used to replace the lack of the full Galileo constellation during the timeframe of the activity. This is a key issue to overcome as it presents a significant obstacle to the early development and demonstration of Galileo functionality to the Maritime community; Demonstration of the potential benefit and use of Galileo pseudolites for applications where the issue of availability of signals is likely to remain an issue, even after the full deployment of the Galileo constellation (e.g. Dockside operations). As such it is requested that a significant effort in this activity be allocated to the development and demonstration of pseudolites both to replicate the Galileo constellation and its functionality, and to demonstrate its future use and benefit as a self-standing augmentation to meet the needs of an application. There is a clear link between the functionality to be developed terrestrially and the vessel born equipment, and this shall be established, elaborated upon and addressed in a consistent manner throughout the activity. 2.2.2 Complementary Functionality Whilst the primary objective remains the demonstration of the use of Galileo specific differentiators in the AG/AGs chosen, this should be undertaken with consideration as to how Galileo could additionally be used and incorporated into other Maritime applications that are not part of the targeted AG/AG s, but, still have a positioning related element that may benefit from Galileo. This is an important element to consider as the greater the range of uses to which Galileo can contribute, the more appealing its widespread adoption and usage in the Maritime environment shall be. Examples of such complementary functions could include, but not necessarily be limited to: Galileo s use in Long Range AIS, Galileo s use in VTS, Galileo s use in Automatic Container Ports. 2.2.3 Business and Market In addition to the technical aspects, it is also necessary to consider in the activity complementary business and market opportunities for the targeted AG/AGs. As a minimum this should include: - 8 -
The analysis of the addressable market for the targeted AG/AGs for a time period sufficient to include the Galileo FOC and GPS upgrades. This shall be performed across different world regions, where variations exist in the types of service already existing (e.g. deployment of Differential Networks) and/or the service levels required to fulfil the requirements of the AG/AGs; The identification of existing infrastructure and products of comparable services if available, in order to analyse the benefits/drawbacks of the Galileo based equivalent; The development of an initial business model for the targeted AG/AGs, describing the complete value chain and the involved investors, users, customers, Galileo Operators and Service providers; The identification and analyse of the benefits (commercial and/or social) provided by the adoption of the Galileo based service for the AG/AGs; An initial analysis of the major opportunities for business development (number of users, investors, system integrators, service providers, infrastructures owners, technological leaders, etc) in the key world regions. An initial analysis of these issues is clearly required as a contributing factor to the Application Identification process. Subsequent to the identification of the targeted AG/AG s this work shall then form the basis of a more focused activity that will be periodically revised, refined and updated throughout the duration of the activity. 2.2.4 Service Provision It is important that the service provision scheme related to and envisaged for any future service resulting from the work undertaken in this activity is adequately addressed. This shall as address issues including, but not limited to: Elaboration of the Service Provision Chain, including envisaged revenue flows; Elaboration of the relationship, if any, between the GOC, and the service provider o Service commitment extension, o Utilisation of Ground Segment Information (via Service Centre), o Utilisation of the Galileo Commercial Service, Elaborate the Service Development Concept from the launch of this activity through to the actual provision of services, that may evolve from it o Use and development of existing GPS, SBAS, GBAS 2.2.5 Awareness and Training It is fundamental to the success of the activity that its objectives, implementation and subsequent outcomes receive the maximum coverage across all actors in the service provision chain (manufacturers, service providers and operators). Means of achieving this could include: Development and dissemination of awareness material Participate to Maritime events - 9 -
2.2.6 Legislation & Regulations Legislation and Regulation can act as a facilitator or a hindrance to the adoption of a particular system in order to meet the requirements of an application or application group. This activity shall thus address the issue of legislation and regulation as appropriate to the AG/AGs targeted, with the objective of: Analysing the impact of current or forthcoming legislation and regulations at national, regional, European and global level, on the use of GNSS and especially Galileo to meet the needs of the AG/AGs; Suggesting measures that should be taken, at national, regional, European and global level, to facilitate the utilisation of GNSS and especially Galileo to meet the needs of the AG/AGs, and more generally the entire Maritime community. 2.2.7 Standardisation & Certification Standardisation and Certification are key to the widespread adoption and implementation of services in the Maritime domain. As such this activity shall address any standardisation and/or certification activities related to the specific applications, with the objective of: Contributing to the increase of awareness in the standardisation community of the work undertaken, and the issues where specific additional work is necessary, through: o Direct representation to the appropriate standardisation bodies, o Co-ordination with industry and manufacturers in support to the standardisation process. Contributing to the development of new standards for the AG/AGs; Contributing to the development of a certification regime (if required) for the equipment fundamental to the service provision process developed. It should be noted that related activities, such as the incorporation of Galileo in the RTCM SC-104 standards for the broadcast of differential information, recognition of Galileo by IMO and the development of receiver standards by IEC are already being covered. As such, any work undertaken in this area in the domain of the specific AG/AGs must be done only after prior coordination with these activities. 2.2.8 Related Issues It is impossible to isolate the utilisation of GNSS in the Maritime environment from related issues that impact on its potential (e.g. the availability of chart information at the required level of accuracy). Conversely, within the framework of this activity is also impossible to comprehensively address and provide solutions to such issues. Bearing this in mind, the activity shall address and solve for the targeted AG/AGs, the specifics of all related issues that are fundamental to its success. This is likely to include, but not necessarily be limited to: - 10 -
The requirement for and availability of accurate chart information. o Absolute accuracy requirements, o Datum issues, o Chart update mechanism (Database Integrity). The requirements for and synergy with communications. o Bandwidth requirements for solution proposed, o Candidate systems to fulfil requirements (e.g. IALA Beacon Excess Data Capacity). 2.3 Demonstration As indicated in the overall objectives for this activity, a key result shall be the physical demonstration to the Maritime community of the benefit to be brought by the utilisation of Galileo within the targeted AG/AGs. As already discussed, a major issue to overcome within the timeframe of this activity shall be the lack of the Galileo constellation, so careful consideration must be given to the mechanism by which Galileo shall be physically emulated in order to demonstrate the Galileo differentiators targeted. This may include various combinations and utilisations of EGNOS, GSTB-V2 and more specifically pseudolites. Clearly the precise details of the demonstration activity shall be refined throughout the timeframe of the activity, but inversely it is an important part of the overall strategy for the project and as such has to be fully considered in the selection of the AG and the detailed selection of the developments to be undertaken. 3 INPUTS In order to build upon complementary work already undertaken or ongoing in the domain of GNSS utilisation in the Maritime environment, all relevant material shall, to the maximum extent possible, be made available as Inputs to the activity. This is particularly true for EC and ESA related undertakings, the pertinent results of which shall be made available as inputs to the Application Consolidation process. - 11 -
4 SCHEDULE & MILESTONES The duration of this activity shall be 24 months. For the purpose of planning, it shall be assumed that the kick-off date for the Maritime activity shall be in February 2005. Clearly this shall subsequently be modified to reflect the actually kick-off date of the contract its self. Within this overall schedule, the following draft set of milestones are foreseen. Table 1: Initial Milestone Plan. MILESTONE MONTHS FROM KOM KOM KICK OFF MEETING 0 CDR CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW 3 Y1MTR YEAR 1 MID TERM REVIEW 6 Y1R YEAR 1 REVIEW 12 Y2MTR YEAR 2 MID TERM REVIEW 18 FR FINAL REVIEW 24 5 MANAGEMENT This activity consists in providing the overall management for the entire contract. The activities to be performed as a minimum are: Technical project coordination Contractual management Organisation and coordination of internal communication flow Documentation management Tracking project status Establish and maintain travel plan Review and verification of deliverables Organisation of progress meetings (calling notice, agenda, chairing and reporting) Organisation of reviews Identifying needs for interfaces with external entities Ensure coordination between the different activities where needed. The contractor shall report on this every 3 months. On the issue of project management, the main activities to be undertaken by the consortium shall include as a minimum: - 12 -
Identify and coordinate with ongoing complementary activities, likely to include: o Other consortia involved in other activities within the umbrella of Galileo related FP6 activities e.g. GEM, GILT, MARGAL, Galileo Receiver Development Activities, o Other related activities performed in the frame of the Galileo project. For example, the production of comments and recommendations for the optimisation of the EGNOS and Galileo mission from the Maritime user community perspective, o Other GNSS related Maritime activities. - 13 -