GNSS Training for ITS Developers. Characterisation of EGNSS performances in relationship with the application requirements

GNSS Training for ITS Developers Characterisation of EGNSS performances in relationship with the application requirements

Table of Content egnss for Application: Main Challenges EGNOS and GALILEO Performances Market segmentation Applications Types Conclusion

Using egnss in applications: what are the main challenges? Main issues to be addressed for an geolocalized application: Availability of the system: Where and when can the positionning information be provided? Where are the blank areas? Performance of the system/reliability: How the environment can disrupt the positionning quality? Can I trust the positionning information? Indoor navigation: How can users get indoor positioning? Integrity: Capability of providing timely warnings to the user when the service should not be used. Time To First Fix: Measure of the time required for a GNSS receiver to acquire satellite signals and navigation data, and calculate a position solution. Safety Requirements: How can GNSS be used in distress situations? Robustness to interferences/authentification: How can external sources jam the GNSS signal?

GNSS Reception in constrained environments To compute the location of the receiver, the principle of «Time of Arrival» is used: the receiver measures the travel time of four LOS signals to perform the triangulation. GNSS Propagation in urban environment is disrupted by the buildings surrounding the receiver: - The masks created by the buildings prevent the signal from reaching the receiver Availibility problem - The signal interacts with the local environment. Multipaths are received. Performance problem (errors, fading effect)

Availability/continuity problems GPS reception simulation in the center of Toulouse, France. Simulator: SE-NAV Blue areas: less than four satellites No positioning

Performance / Continuity Maximum error: 9m GPS positioning in Rue de Remusat (narrow street in Toulouse downtown). Source: SPIRENT/OKTAL-SE

Integrity Major requirement for safety-of-life application. Solutions: SBAS (for Satellite-Based Augmentation System): GEO satellites broadcast the augmentation information (e.g. corrections and integrity-related). Limited to a Regional Area. GBAS (for Ground-Based Augmentation System): Local grounds beacons provides GNSS augmentation through Very High Frequency Data Broadcast. ABAS (for Aircraft-Based Augmentation System): Only Integrity, no correction. Two techniques: RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring): Only GNSS AAIM (Airborne Autonomous Integrity Monitoring): GNSS + On board sensors

Time To First Fix (TTFF) Time to receive current GPS satellite signals, almanacs and ephemeris data. Different definitions: Cold Start: No data stored in the receiver. Warm Start: Valid Ephemeris and clock corrections stored in the receiver. Hot Start: Warm start, accurate positions and clock errors.

Robustness to interferences Crucial for security/defense applications. Interferences types: Spoofing: making a GPS receiver calculate a false position. Jamming: overpowering GPS satellite signals locally so that a receiver can no longer operate. Meaconing: intentional delay and rebroadcast of a GNSS signal intended to introduce error to receivers Ionospheric scintillation Extreme Space Weather Need to authentify the signal

Indoor reception Source: Global Positioning, Wiley

Search And Rescue

Table of Content egnss for Application: Main Challenges EGNOS and GALILEO Performances Market segmentation Applications Types Conclusion

EGNOS performance Integrity Better Accuracy Compliance with safety requirements and standards Potentially improved quality of synchronization Better Availability

GALILEO performance Better Accuracy Better resistance to multipaths Better TTFF Authentification SAR service with return link Accurate time

Table of Content egnss for Application: Main Challenges EGNOS and GALILEO Performance Market segmentation Applications Types Conclusion

Market Segmentation Cumulative core revenue 2013-2023 Source: GNSS Market Report, Issue 4, GSA Applications types: - Mass Market Consumer Applications - Workforce, Fleet, Traffic and Asset Management - Liability-critical Applications - Safety-critical Applications - High-Precision Applications - Timing Applications For Financial Services, Energy and Telecom

Mass Market Consumer Applications Associated Market: LBS, Road, Aviation, Maritime, Rail Better Availability Better Accuracy Better resistance to multipaths Integrity Better TTFF Safety Requirements Authentification Accurate Time EGNOS GALILEO

Workforce, Fleet, Traffic and Asset Management Associated Market: LBS, Road, Rail, Agriculture Better Availability Better Accuracy Better resistance to multipaths Integrity Better TTFF Safety Requirements Authentification Accurate Time EGNOS GALILEO

Liability-critical Applications Associated Market: Road, LBS, Maritime Better Availability Better Accuracy Better resistance to multipaths Integrity Better TTFF Safety Requirements Authentification Accurate Time EGNOS GALILEO

Safety-critical Applications Associated Market: Aviation, Road, LBS, Rail and Maritime Better Availability Better Accuracy Better resistance to multipaths Integrity Better TTFF Safety Requirements Authentification Accurate Time EGNOS GALILEO

High Precision Applications Associated Market: Agriculture and Surveying Better Availability Better Accuracy Better resistance to multipaths Integrity Better TTFF Safety Requirements Authentification Accurate Time EGNOS GALILEO

Timing Applications for Financial Services, energy and telecom Associated Market: Agriculture and Surveying Better Availability Better Accuracy Better resistance to multipaths Integrity Better TTFF Safety Requirements Authentification Accurate Time EGNOS GALILEO

Table of Content egnss for Application: Main Challenges EGNOS and GALILEO Performances Market segmentation Applications Types Conclusion

LBS Examples of Geolocalized applications: Navigation: example of application Mapping & GIS Geo marketing and advertising Safety and emergency Enterprise applications Sports Games and augmented reality Social networking Professionnal application

EGNOS/GALILEO Added Values egnss: Improves accuracy and availability of the service, thanks to additional satellites. Fastens the computation of receiver first positioning thanks to a faster TTFF. Improves performances in challenging environments, such as urban canyons, allowing a reliable use of LBS Emits an authentified signal to protect against spoofing interferences Improves indoor penetration

Example of LBS: SICASSE Project dealing with the development of a geolocalized service. The SICASSE system aims at studying of the evolution of natural species in montainous areas.

SICASSE - Architecture Step 6: Data Recording Etape 4: Framing and shooting EPoI SICASSE server Image processing Step 3: Guiding Database Step 5: Raw data sending Step 2: SICASSE Lite download (ou MAJ) PI Laboratory Step 7: Data usage Natural Environment

SICASSE Image Processing Super Pixels Textures Pixels

SICASSE Changes Detection New Picture Reference Image Textures

Maritime Example of maritime applications: Navigation at sea or inland waterways Traffic management and surveillance Search and Rescue Fishing vessel control Port operations (dredging, docking ) Marine engineering

EGNOS/GALILEO Added Values egnss: Increases and guarantees positioning accuracy, availability and reliability Manages Forward Link to transmit distress calls from beacons to Mission Controls Centers.

Control of Fishing Vessels 87500 EU vessels + Non EU Vessels to be controlled Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) Automatic Identification System (AIS )

SAR: Cospas-Sarsat Satellites: detect the signals transmitted by distress radiobeacons. Return Link Distress Service Beacon: Provider transmits signals MEO Local Users Terminal: (RLSP): provides during the distress users situations in receives and processes the distress a an acknowledgment Mission Control Center (MCC): satellite downlink signal to message informing them that the receives alerts produced by LUTs generate distress alerts. alert has been detected and and forward them to Rescue located. Coordination Centers (RCCs), Search and Rescue Points Of Contacts (SPOCs) or other MCCs.

Aviation Examples of Applications/Projects/Infrastrure: Performance Based Navigation (PBN) Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) Automatic Depended Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs)

EGNOS/GALILEO Added Values for Aviation egnss: Enables to develop Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) in line with ICAO standards Increases safety, reduce congestion, save fuel, protect the environment, reduce infrastructure operating costs, and maintain reliable all weather operations, even at the most challenging airports Ensures more robustness against vulnerabilities (iono,interferences) and integrity Allows continuity to offer services and reducing flying time in adverse weather conditions

Performance Based Navigation

Approach technique G P S & G A L I L E O E G N O S With GBAS With EGNOS 23/03/2015

Project P4F: Operation Principle 41

Project P4F: Dynamic Generation of flight Procedures

Rail GNSS Application High Density Command & Control Systems Low Density Line Command & Control Systems Asset Management Passenger Information

EGNOS/GALILEO Added Values for Rail egnss Enables the determination of train locations without the need for dense trackside infrastructure Enables Signal availability in difficult environments and final position accuracy Reinforces the use of GNSS in rail applications in the future

GBOX in Train Block Diagram 180 Camera GNSS Antenna* Telecom Antenna For RTK Frontal Camera G-BOX IMU* Auxiliary Battery Odometer

GBOX Accuracy

Satellite Signal Propagation 14 08 31 02 15 07 13/11/2014 RAILWAY - GNSS Performance Tests 47

SE-NAV simulation: Multipaths in a station

Agriculture GNSS application: Farm machinery guidance Automatic steering Variable rate application Yield monitoring Biomass monitoring Soil condition monitoring Livestock tracking Farm machinery monitoring and asset management Geo-traceability Field delineation

EGNOS/GALILEO Added Values for Agriculture egnss: Increases yield production Enables Better management of resources Reduces Chemical pollution Reduction of waste and over-application of fertilisers and herbicides Reduced of seed consumption Saving Costs Fuel savings Extended equipment life due to an optimised usage Time Time savings Reduced fatigue 27/09/2013 CASE STUDY - GNSS & AGRICULTURE 50

Development of Autonomous Guidance Main issues: Curves Banks Mounds Ranks

Performance assessment

ACCURACY, the Key-Feature Tracking & Tracing Bulk Spreading, Area measurement, Field mapping, Machine Guidance

Economic Aspects PRICES 10k 1k 0,1k 10m 1m 0,1m ACCURACY

Surveying GNSS Application Cadastral Surveying Construction Surveying Mapping Mining Marine Surveying

egnss EGNOS/GALILEO Added Values for Surveying satisfies the needs of mapping applications requiring enhanced GPS positioning by providing added value, free of charge. improves the accuracy for cadastral, Construction and Mine Surveying ensures the trustworthiness of positioning information (Commercial Service authentication)

Timing and Synchronization GNSS Application Telecommunications Energy Finance

EGNOS/GALILEO Added Values for Timing and Synchronisation egnss brings improved resilience to Timing & Sync operations enables Better performance of a GNSS T&S Service (e.g. availability) provides authentication functions Ensures redundancy/continuity of service Ensures Robutness to spoofing

Table of Content egnss for Application: Main Challenges EGNOS and GALILEO Performances Market segmentation Applications Types Conclusion

Conclusion GALILEO and EGNOS can improve existing application bringing more accuracy, performance, integrity and robustness to spoofing. GALILEO and EGNOS may aid to the development of new application thanks to real advantages. Current/Future application will use signals from multiconstellations / multisystems. Developers need to be prepared and shall use these signals in their system