1 Emergent Nature of Cognition Cognition as a Generative, Redundant and Open System without Central Controls HIROAKI Suzuki Department of Education, Aoyama Gakuin University susan@ri.aoyama.ac.jp, http://www.ri.aoyama.ac.jp/~susan/ keywords: emergence, generativity, redundancy, local interaction, open system 1. 1990 2 1 on-line Change blindness 1 (1) 2 (2) 2 (3) (4) 4 1990 1 1/5 20 2. : 1950 20 [O Regan 01] 1 1 http://www.usd.edu/psyc301/changeblindness. htm off-line http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr/
2 18 4 a 2003 1 (saccade) 0 [Nader 00] RAM 2 2 2 3 (false memory) 1980 1990 (base domain) [Gentner 83, Holyoak 95] [Lofuts 94] [Suzuki 98] 20
3 2 [Dunbar 01] [Lakoff 93] [Indurkhya 92] Copycat[Hofstadter 95] [ 96] - off-line 3 1 Embeded Figure Test EFT) ( ) [Sharma 00] bimodal 7 [ 00] 4 [Friedman 00] Friedman EFT 3. : implicit EFT 2 Ramachandran
4 18 4 a 2003 (IT ( [Markman 89] Tomasello 2 [Ramachandran 98] Damasio [Damasio 94] Tomasello [Tomasello 99] Damasio somatic marker 2 3 3 2 10% Piaget 1 2,3 [Wellman 92] 5 1 3 2 1 [Mithen 96] (word meaning) informal
5 50 2 2 [ 02] 3 formal 4. : formal default 1 [Clark 99] [ 03] 4 1
6 18 4 a 2003 [ 90] Pfeifer & Scheier V5(MT reentrant V1 [Pfeifer 99] [Shipp 89] (receptive field) 2 [Di Lolo 00] reentrant [Edelman 92] - ) (reentrant ) 4 2 reentrant [ 03] 3 2 3
7 subsumption [Brooks 91] [ 90] 5. : : 5 2 Zhang & Norman [Zhang 94] 2 (distributed representational space) [ 03] 5 1 3/4 2/3 3/4 2/3 1/2 3/4 2/3 3 (1) [Shirouzu 02] (2) (3) 1 3 interplay 2 3 1.5 2 Dunbar 4 1 [Dunbar 95] (distriuted reasoning) 4 7 1
8 18 4 a 2003 : off-line epistemic action [Kirsh 94] epistemic action : pragmatic action : : - interplay ) GA [ 03] 6. 14001003
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