Contents Page no: Introduction 3 Chapter 1: Demographic Characteristics 5 Chapter 2: Social Characteristics 21 Chapter 3: Migration and Urbanization 27 Chapter 4: Education 37 Chapter 5: Economic Characteristics 41 Chapter 6: Fertility 49 Chapter 7: Mortality 53 Chapter 8: Disability 57 Chapter 9: Housing Conditions and 63 Household Amenities Definitions and Concepts 70 2014 Census Overview 1
Introduction The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census (2014 Census) was conducted with midnight of 29 March 2014 as the reference point. This is the first Census in 30 years; the last Census was conducted in 1983. Planning and execution of this Census was spearheaded by the former Ministry of Immigration and Population, now the Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population, on behalf of the Government, in accordance with the Population and Housing Census Law, 2013. The main objectives of the 2014 Census are to provide the Government and other stakeholders with essential information on the population, regarding demographic, social and economic characteristics, and housing conditions and household amenities. By generating information at all administrative levels, it is also intended to provide a sound basis for evidence-based decision-making and to evaluate the impact of social and economic policies and programmes in the country. The results of the 2014 Census have been published to date in a number of volumes. The first was the Provisional Results (Census Report Volume 1), which was released in August 2014. The Census Main Results were launched in May 2015. These included The Union Report (Census Report Volume 2), Highlights of the Main Results (Census Report Volume 2-A), and the reports for each of the 15 States and Regions (Census Report Volume 3[A -O]). The reports on Occupation and Industry (Census Report Volume 2-B) and Religion (Census Report Volume 2-C) were launched in March 2016 and July 2016, respectively. The thirteen thematic reports and Census Atlas were released in 2016 and 2017. They address issues on Fertility and Nuptiality; Mortality; Maternal Mortality; Migration and Urbanization; Population Projections; Population Dynamics; the Older Population; Children and Youth; Education; Labour Force; Disability; Gender Dimensions; and Housing Conditions and Household Amenities. Their preparation involved collaborative efforts with both local and international experts as well as various Government Ministries, Departments and research institutions. The information presented in this booklet is based on major findings from the above mentioned set of 2014 Census publications. It is a basic reference for those who want to know about the overview of the population of Myanmar. The book is divided into nine chapters. It contains tables and figures of Demographic Characteristics, Social Characteristics, Migration and Urbanization, Education, Economic Characteristics, Fertility, Mortality, Disability and Housing Conditions and Household Amenities. All the census information and reports can be downloaded at www.dop.gov.mm and http://myanmar.unfpa.org/census. 2014 Census Overview 3
Chapter 1: Demographic Characteristics* Note: * Apart from the data presented in Table 1.1 and Figures 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4, the rest of the information presented in this publication is based on the population and households that were enumerated during the census. 2014 Census Overview 5
Table 1.1: Distribution of population by State/Region and sex State/Region Both sexes Male Female Proportion of Total Population(%) Union 51,486,253 24,824,586 26,661,667 Union enumerated 50,279,900 24,228,714 26,051,186 Union not enumerated 1,206,353 595,872 610,481 Kachin 1,689,441 878,384 811,057 3.3 Kachin enumerated 1,642,841 855,353 787,488 Kachin not enumerated 46,600 23,031 23,569 Kayah 286,627 143,213 143,414 0.6 Kayin 1,574,079 775,268 798,811 3.1 Kayin enumerated 1,504,326 739,127 765,199 Kayin not enumerated 69,753 36,141 33,612 Chin 478,801 229,604 249,197 0.9 Sagaing 5,325,347 2,516,949 2,808,398 10.3 Tanintharyi 1,408,401 700,619 707,782 2.7 Bago 4,867,373 2,322,338 2,545,035 9.5 Magway 3,917,055 1,813,974 2,103,081 7.6 Mandalay 6,165,723 2,928,367 3,237,356 12.0 Mon 2,054,393 987,392 1,067,001 4.0 Rakhine 3,188,807 1,526,402 1,662,405 6.2 Rakhine enumerated 2,098,807 989,702 1,109,105 Rakhine not enumerated 1,090,000 536,700 553,300 Yangon 7,360,703 3,516,403 3,844,300 14.3 Shan 5,824,432 2,910,710 2,913,722 11.3 Ayeyawady 6,184,829 3,009,808 3,175,021 12.0 Nay Pyi Taw 1,160,242 565,155 595,087 2.3 2014 Census Overview 7
Figure 1.1: Population density by State/Region 8 2014 Census Overview
Table 1.2: Proportion of enumerated population in urban and rural areas by sex by State/Region State/Region Total Population Urban Population Rural Population % Urban Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Union 50,279,900 14,877,943 7,114,224 7,763,719 30 35,401,957 17,114,490 18,287,467 70 Kachin 1,642,841 592,368 297,643 294,725 36 1,050,473 557,710 492,763 64 Kayah 286,627 72,418 35,679 36,739 25 214,209 107,534 106,675 75 Kayin 1,504,326 329,166 163,280 165,886 22 1,175,160 575,847 599,313 78 Chin 478,801 99,809 47,198 52,611 21 378,992 182,406 196,586 79 Sagaing 5,325,347 911,335 430,408 480,927 17 4,414,012 2,086,541 2,327,471 83 Tanintharyi 1,408,401 338,419 164,982 173,437 24 1,069,982 535,637 534,345 76 Bago 4,867,373 1,072,336 501,157 571,179 22 3,795,037 1,821,181 1,973,856 78 Magway 3,917,055 588,031 270,624 317,407 15 3,329,024 1,543,350 1,785,674 85 Mandalay 6,165,723 2,143,436 1,033,433 1,110,003 35 4,022,287 1,894,934 2,127,353 65 Mon 2,054,393 572,189 273,561 298,628 28 1,482,204 713,831 768,373 72 Rakhine 2,098,807 354,288 166,857 187,431 17 1,744,519 822,845 921,674 83 Yangon 7,360,703 5,160,512 2,441,229 2,719,283 70 2,200,191 1,075,174 1,125,017 30 Shan 5,824,432 1,395,847 692,453 703,394 24 4,428,585 2,218,257 2,210,328 76 Ayeyawady 6,184,829 872,600 412,693 459,907 14 5,312,229 2,597,115 2,715,114 86 Nay Pyi Taw 1,160,242 375,189 183,027 192,162 32 785,053 382,128 402,925 68 % Rural 2014 Census Overview 9
Table 1.3: Population by urban and rural, by sex and 5-year age groups, Union Fiveyear age groups Total population Urban Rural Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Total 50,279,900 24,228,714 26,051,186 14,877,943 7,114,224 7,763,719 35,401,957 17,114,490 18,287,467 0-4 4,472,130 2,262,783 2,209,347 1,081,128 549,584 531,544 3,391,002 1,713,199 1,677,803 5-9 4,819,077 2,438,372 2,380,705 1,146,876 583,310 563,566 3,672,201 1,855,062 1,817,139 10-14 5,108,362 2,595,749 2,512,613 1,355,792 703,305 652,487 3,752,570 1,892,444 1,860,126 15-19 4,625,989 2,290,998 2,334,991 1,467,120 740,956 726,164 3,158,869 1,550,042 1,608,827 20-24 4,331,069 2,091,525 2,239,544 1,460,572 711,405 749,167 2,870,497 1,380,120 1,490,377 25-29 4,146,134 1,995,465 2,150,669 1,320,591 638,841 681,750 2,825,543 1,356,624 1,468,919 30-34 3,898,861 1,884,549 2,014,312 1,229,010 595,549 633,461 2,669,851 1,289,000 1,380,851 35-39 3,563,480 1,705,630 1,857,850 1,092,916 518,880 574,036 2,470,564 1,186,750 1,283,814 40-44 3,283,073 1,548,942 1,734,131 1,025,669 474,286 551,383 2,257,404 1,074,656 1,182,748 45-49 2,946,148 1,375,041 1,571,107 918,610 414,377 504,233 2,027,538 960,664 1,066,874 50-54 2,559,232 1,182,341 1,376,891 783,327 346,474 436,853 1,775,905 835,867 940,038 55-59 2,051,937 935,979 1,115,958 631,743 275,176 356,567 1,420,194 660,803 759,391 60-64 1,576,845 712,040 864,805 477,041 206,172 270,869 1,099,804 505,868 593,936 65-69 1,064,493 466,618 597,875 333,747 140,316 193,431 730,746 326,302 404,444 70-74 713,170 301,679 411,491 212,747 87,697 125,050 500,423 213,982 286,441 75-79 553,298 228,315 324,983 165,732 65,960 99,772 387,566 162,355 225,211 80-84 335,576 130,875 204,701 99,573 36,945 62,628 236,003 93,930 142,073 85-89 158,069 56,979 101,090 51,127 17,118 34,009 106,942 39,861 67,081 90 + 72,957 24,834 48,123 24,622 7,873 16,749 48,335 16,961 31,374 10 2014 Census Overview
Table 1.4: Population by broad age group by State/Region State/Region Age groups 0-14 15-64 65+ Union 14,399,569 32,982,768 2,897,563 Kachin 492,879 1,084,096 65,866 Kayah 99,003 176,934 10,690 Kayin 538,596 888,642 77,088 Chin 191,290 264,605 22,906 Sagaing 1,525,943 3,468,865 330,539 Tanintharyi 478,027 858,419 71,955 Bago 1,383,846 3,175,185 308,342 Magway 1,056,659 2,578,796 281,600 Mandalay 1,599,216 4,186,385 380,122 Mon 641,960 1,278,995 133,438 Rakhine 653,333 1,305,561 139,913 Yangon 1,725,413 5,219,941 415,349 Shan 1,865,293 3,712,196 246,943 Ayeyawady 1,821,154 4,004,350 359,325 Nay Pyi Taw 326,957 779,798 53,487 2014 Census Overview 11
Table 1.5: Distribution of children, youth and older population by State/Region Children (0-14) Youth (15-24) Older population (65+) State/Region Total population Number of children Distribution of children in Union Share of children in State/ Region population Number of youth Distribution of youth in Union Share of youth in State/ Region population Number of older people Distribution of older people in Union Share of older people in State/ Region population Union 50,279,900 14,399,569 100 28.6 8,957,058 100 17.8 2,897,563 100 5.8 Kachin 1,642,841 492,879 3.4 30.0 337,200 3.8 20.5 65,866 2.3 4.0 Kayah 286,627 99,003 0.7 34.5 54,645 0.6 19.1 10,690 0.4 3.7 Kayin 1,504,326 538,596 3.7 35.8 240,485 2.7 16.0 77,088 2.7 5.1 Chin 478,801 191,290 1.3 40.0 82,088 0.9 17.1 22,906 0.8 4.8 Sagaing 5,325,347 1,525,943 10.6 28.7 925,641 10.3 17.4 330,539 11.4 6.2 Tanintharyi 1,408,401 478,027 3.3 33.9 246,392 2.8 17.5 71,955 2.5 5.1 Bago 4,867,373 1,383,846 9.6 28.4 810,149 9.0 16.6 308,342 10.6 6.3 Magway 3,917,055 1,056,659 7.3 27.0 621,595 6.9 15.9 281,600 9.7 7.2 Mandalay 6,165,723 1,599,216 11.1 25.9 1,141,197 12.7 18.5 380,122 13.1 6.2 Mon 2,054,393 641,960 4.5 31.2 333,627 3.7 16.2 133,438 4.6 6.5 Rakhine 2,098,807 653,333 4.5 31.1 355,753 4.0 17.0 139,913 4.8 6.7 Yangon 7,360,703 1,725,413 12.0 23.4 1,492,697 16.7 20.3 415,349 14.3 5.6 Shan 5,824,432 1,865,293 13.0 32.0 1,099,134 12.3 18.9 246,943 8.5 4.2 Ayeyawady 6,184,829 1,821,154 12.6 29.4 1,004,520 11.2 16.2 359,325 12.4 5.8 Nay Pyi Taw 1,160,242 326,957 2.3 28.2 211,935 2.4 18.3 53,487 1.8 4.6 12 2014 Census Overview
Figure 1.2: Myanmar population pyramid, 2014 Figure 1.3: Changes in population structure (1973, 1983 and 2014) 2014 Census Overview 13
Figure 1.4: Sex ratio by State/Region Table 1.6: Sex ratio of children and youth by State/Region State/Region Children (0-14) Youth (15-24) Union 103 96 Kachin 103 124 Kayah 103 105 Kayin 103 100 Chin 102 89 Sagaing 102 92 Tanintharyi 103 100 Bago 103 93 Magway 101 86 Mandalay 103 96 Mon 104 96 Rakhine 103 86 Yangon 104 95 Shan 102 102 Ayeyawady 102 97 Nay Pyi Taw 103 97 14 2014 Census Overview
Table 1.7: Dependency ratios, ageing index and median age by State/ Region State/Region Total Dependency Ratio Child Dependency Ratio Old Dependency Ratio Ageing Index Median Age Union 52.5 43.7 8.8 20.1 27.1 Kachin 51.6 45.5 6.1 13.4 24.7 Kayah 62.0 56.0 6.0 10.8 22.9 Kayin 69.3 60.6 8.7 14.3 23.6 Chin 81.0 72.3 8.7 12.0 20.1 Sagaing 53.5 44.0 9.5 21.7 27.4 Tanintharyi 64.1 55.7 8.4 15.1 24.0 Bago 53.3 43.6 9.7 22.3 28.1 Magway 51.9 41.0 10.9 26.7 29.4 Mandalay 47.3 38.2 9.1 23.8 28.2 Mon 60.6 50.2 10.4 20.8 26.7 Rakhine 60.7 50.0 10.7 21.4 26.0 Yangon 41.1 33.1 8.0 24.1 28.3 Shan 56.9 50.2 6.7 13.2 24.4 Ayeyawady 54.5 45.5 9.0 19.7 27.7 Nay Pyi Taw 48.8 41.9 6.9 16.4 26.8 2014 Census Overview 15
Figure 1.5: Average household size by State/Region Table 1.8: Number of households, sex of head of household and percentage of female headed households by State/Region State/Region Number of conventional households Male- headed households Female- headed households Female-headed households (%) Union 10,877,832 8,296,535 2,581,297 23.7 Kachin 269,365 195,808 73,557 27.3 Kayah 57,274 44,294 12,980 22.7 Kayin 308,041 228,868 79,173 25.7 Chin 91,121 70,291 20,830 22.9 Sagaing 1,096,857 824,766 272,091 24.8 Tanintharyi 283,099 201,259 81,840 28.9 Bago 1,142,974 877,377 265,597 23.2 Magway 919,777 692,168 227,609 24.7 Mandalay 1,323,191 981,281 341,910 25.8 Mon 422,612 302,302 120,310 28.5 Rakhine 459,772 352,953 106,819 23.2 Yangon 1,582,944 1,199,003 383,941 24.3 Shan 1,169,569 919,047 250,522 21.4 Ayeyawady 1,488,983 1,201,958 287,025 19.3 Nay Pyi Taw 262,253 205,160 57,093 21.8 16 2014 Census Overview
Table 1.9: Projected population and annual growth rates for medium variant (Union), 2014-2050 Year Medium Variant Total population Growth rate (%) Year Medium Variant Total population Growth rate (%) 2014 51,991,031 0.88 2033 60,604,183 0.62 2015 52,450,516 0.88 2034 60,979,993 0.59 2016 52,916,691 0.89 2035 61,342,573 0.57 2017 53,387,948 0.89 2036 61,690,318 0.54 2018 53,862,731 0.88 2037 62,023,172 0.51 2019 54,339,766 0.88 2038 62,341,081 0.48 2020 54,817,919 0.87 2039 62,643,997 0.46 2021 55,294,979 0.86 2040 62,931,936 0.43 2022 55,770,232 0.84 2041 63,204,846 0.41 2023 56,242,997 0.83 2042 63,462,749 0.38 2024 56,712,559 0.82 2043 63,705,693 0.36 2025 57,178,110 0.80 2044 63,933,740 0.33 2026 57,637,954 0.78 2045 64,146,959 0.31 2027 58,091,024 0.76 2046 64,344,806 0.28 2028 58,536,244 0.74 2047 64,527,409 0.26 2029 58,972,564 0.72 2048 64,694,805 0.24 2030 59,399,039 0.70 2049 64,847,072 0.21 2031 59,813,443 0.67 2050 64,984,255 na 2032 60,215,254 0.64 2014 Census Overview 17
Table 1.10: Projected population of State/Region, medium variant, 2014-2031 Total population Year Union Kachin Kayah Kayin Chin Sagaing Tanintharyi Bago 2014 51,991,031 1,730,222 290,768 1,567,036 491,281 5,371,606 1,422,258 4,885,022 2015 52,450,516 1,762,901 297,162 1,575,826 497,009 5,411,440 1,434,723 4,896,520 2016 52,916,691 1,796,122 303,646 1,584,498 502,705 5,451,343 1,447,293 4,907,824 2017 53,387,948 1,829,848 310,214 1,593,053 508,359 5,491,170 1,459,952 4,918,821 2018 53,862,731 1,864,045 316,858 1,601,504 513,969 5,530,771 1,472,684 4,929,394 2019 54,339,766 1,898,678 323,573 1,609,890 519,535 5,570,006 1,485,488 4,939,461 2020 54,817,919 1,933,705 330,356 1,618,264 525,062 5,608,752 1,498,370 4,948,959 2021 55,294,979 1,969,048 337,195 1,626,656 530,540 5,646,777 1,511,318 4,957,734 2022 55,770,232 2,004,666 344,089 1,635,149 535,977 5,683,996 1,524,356 4,965,768 2023 56,242,997 2,040,510 351,034 1,643,827 541,381 5,720,338 1,537,506 4,973,056 2024 56,712,559 2,076,531 358,028 1,652,764 546,760 5,755,727 1,550,784 4,979,588 2025 57,178,110 2,112,673 365,066 1,662,013 552,117 5,790,087 1,564,191 4,985,346 2026 57,637,954 2,148,855 372,139 1,671,574 557,446 5,823,267 1,577,692 4,990,214 2027 58,091,024 2,185,012 379,243 1,681,446 562,745 5,855,183 1,591,259 4,994,133 2028 58,536,244 2,221,078 386,370 1,691,607 568,012 5,885,756 1,604,849 4,997,033 2029 58,972,564 2,256,988 393,513 1,702,019 573,242 5,914,902 1,618,414 4,998,827 2030 59,399,039 2,292,682 400,663 1,712,637 578,431 5,942,547 1,631,909 4,999,430 2031 59,813,443 2,328,048 407,806 1,723,368 583,560 5,968,491 1,645,259 4,998,642 18 2014 Census Overview
Table 1.10: Projected population of State/Region, medium variant, 2014-2031 (Contd.) Total population Year Magway Mandalay Mon Rakhine Yangon Shan Ayeyawady Nay Pyi Taw 2014 3,946,657 6,218,157 2,046,527 3,249,680 7,430,921 5,909,122 6,255,499 1,176,275 2015 3,944,972 6,274,139 2,034,439 3,266,405 7,595,018 6,001,082 6,262,164 1,196,717 2016 3,943,235 6,331,301 2,022,755 3,283,218 7,763,687 6,094,321 6,267,418 1,217,325 2017 3,941,237 6,389,390 2,011,428 3,300,041 7,936,637 6,188,689 6,271,070 1,238,039 2018 3,938,791 6,448,146 2,000,418 3,316,797 8,113,556 6,284,060 6,272,934 1,258,804 2019 3,935,764 6,507,334 1,989,717 3,333,435 8,294,107 6,380,316 6,272,891 1,279,571 2020 3,932,063 6,566,720 1,979,330 3,349,917 8,477,923 6,477,329 6,270,864 1,300,303 2021 3,927,504 6,625,941 1,969,225 3,366,140 8,664,431 6,574,854 6,266,671 1,320,946 2022 3,922,063 6,684,800 1,959,436 3,382,097 8,853,241 6,672,771 6,260,344 1,341,479 2023 3,915,741 6,743,125 1,949,997 3,397,778 9,043,944 6,770,946 6,251,933 1,361,880 2024 3,908,540 6,800,744 1,940,933 3,413,169 9,236,121 6,869,245 6,241,493 1,382,132 2025 3,900,467 6,857,508 1,932,256 3,428,229 9,429,378 6,967,504 6,229,061 1,402,216 2026 3,891,461 6,913,178 1,923,925 3,442,849 9,623,223 7,065,465 6,214,563 1,422,101 2027 3,881,516 6,967,629 1,915,919 3,456,945 9,817,293 7,162,939 6,197,997 1,441,764 2028 3,870,626 7,020,742 1,908,195 3,470,420 10,011,282 7,259,740 6,179,353 1,461,183 2029 3,858,783 7,072,422 1,900,708 3,483,175 10,204,918 7,355,698 6,158,618 1,480,338 2030 3,845,976 7,122,580 1,893,405 3,495,118 10,397,969 7,450,683 6,135,794 1,499,213 2031 3,832,090 7,170,970 1,886,181 3,506,095 10,589,986 7,544,427 6,110,751 1,517,768 2014 Census Overview 19
Table 1.11: Population growth rates of State/Region, medium variant, 2014-2031 Growth rates (%) Year Kachin Kayah Kayin Chin Sagaing Tanintharyi Bago Magway Mandalay Mon Rakhine Yangon Shan Ayeyawady Nay Pyi Taw 2014 1.87 2.18 0.56 1.16 0.74 0.87 0.24-0.04 0.90-0.59 0.51 2.18 1.54 0.11 1.72 2015 1.87 2.16 0.55 1.14 0.73 0.87 0.23-0.04 0.91-0.58 0.51 2.20 1.54 0.08 1.71 2016 1.86 2.14 0.54 1.12 0.73 0.87 0.22-0.05 0.91-0.56 0.51 2.20 1.54 0.06 1.69 2017 1.85 2.12 0.53 1.10 0.72 0.87 0.21-0.06 0.92-0.55 0.51 2.20 1.53 0.03 1.66 2018 1.84 2.10 0.52 1.08 0.71 0.87 0.20-0.08 0.91-0.54 0.50 2.20 1.52 0.00 1.64 2019 1.83 2.07 0.52 1.06 0.69 0.86 0.19-0.09 0.91-0.52 0.49 2.19 1.51-0.03 1.61 2020 1.81 2.05 0.52 1.04 0.68 0.86 0.18-0.12 0.90-0.51 0.48 2.18 1.49-0.07 1.58 2021 1.79 2.02 0.52 1.02 0.66 0.86 0.16-0.14 0.88-0.50 0.47 2.16 1.48-0.10 1.54 2022 1.77 2.00 0.53 1.00 0.64 0.86 0.15-0.16 0.87-0.48 0.46 2.13 1.46-0.13 1.51 2023 1.75 1.97 0.54 0.99 0.62 0.86 0.13-0.18 0.85-0.47 0.45 2.10 1.44-0.17 1.48 2024 1.73 1.95 0.56 0.98 0.60 0.86 0.12-0.21 0.83-0.45 0.44 2.07 1.42-0.20 1.44 2025 1.70 1.92 0.57 0.96 0.57 0.86 0.10-0.23 0.81-0.43 0.43 2.03 1.40-0.23 1.41 2026 1.67 1.89 0.59 0.95 0.55 0.86 0.08-0.26 0.78-0.42 0.41 2.00 1.37-0.27 1.37 2027 1.64 1.86 0.60 0.93 0.52 0.85 0.06-0.28 0.76-0.40 0.39 1.96 1.34-0.30 1.34 2028 1.60 1.83 0.61 0.92 0.49 0.84 0.04-0.31 0.73-0.39 0.37 1.92 1.31-0.34 1.30 2029 1.57 1.80 0.62 0.90 0.47 0.83 0.01-0.33 0.71-0.38 0.34 1.87 1.28-0.37 1.27 2030 1.53 1.77 0.62 0.88 0.44 0.81-0.02-0.36 0.68-0.38 0.31 1.83 1.25-0.41 1.23 20 2014 Census Overview
Chapter 2: Social Characteristics 2014 Census Overview 21
A. Marital Status Figure 2.1: Marital status by male and female, Union 2014 Census Overview 23
Figure 2.2: Marital status by male and female by five-year age group, Union 24 2014 Census Overview
Table 2.1: Singulate mean age at marriage* by sex by State/Region State/Region Male Female Union 25.9 23.6 Kachin 28.1 23.8 Kayah 26.8 23.8 Kayin 25.9 22.8 Chin 25.6 22.7 Sagaing 25.8 24.1 Tanintharyi 27.0 23.6 Bago 25.1 22.8 Magway 25.4 24.0 Mandalay 25.9 24.4 Mon 25.9 23.6 Rakhine 25.0 22.4 Yangon 26.9 25.2 Shan 25.7 22.6 Ayeyawady 24.8 22.2 Nay Pyi Taw 25.6 23.0 Note: * refer to the definitions and concepts 2014 Census Overview 25
B: Religion Figure 2.3: Percentage of population (enumerated and non-enumerated) by religion*, Union Note: * Based on the estimated overall population, including both the enumerated and non-enumerated population (51,486,253), and on the assumption that the non-enumerated population in Rakhine State affiliate with the Islamic faith. 26 2014 Census Overview
Chapter 3: Migration and Urbanization 2014 Census Overview 27
Table 3.1: Lifetime migration rates for movements between State/Region, by sex State/Region of current residence In-migration rate per 1,000 population Outmigration rate per 1,000 population Net migration rate per 1,000 population Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Kachin 172.9 193.7 153.5 72.7 62.9 81.8 100.2 130.8 71.6 Kayah 143.2 144.5 142.1 80.8 74.0 87.1 62.5 70.4 54.9 Kayin 141.1 149.4 133.4 44.6 40.9 48.1 96.4 108.6 85.2 Chin 27.7 29.4 26.1 195.3 188.4 201.6-167.7-158.9-175.5 Sagaing 46.4 49.5 43.9 89.4 97.5 82.4-42.9-48.1-38.5 Tanintharyi 84.8 101.5 69.1 44.7 39.3 49.8 40.1 62.2 19.3 Bago 50.7 51.6 49.9 143.1 145.8 140.7-92.4-94.2-90.7 Magway 27.5 29.3 26.1 148.6 165.6 134.5-121.1-136.2-108.5 Mandalay 103.4 104.4 102.5 98.7 108.7 90.1 4.7-4.4 12.4 Mon 86.4 95.8 78.2 146.2 138.9 152.6-59.8-43.1-74.5 Rakhine 20.9 25.4 17.0 98.6 103.1 94.8-77.7-77.7-77.8 Yangon 296.8 289.3 303.3 50.4 53.1 48.0 246.3 236.2 255.3 Shan 75.3 82.0 68.9 44.7 39.8 49.2 30.6 42.2 19.7 Ayeyawady 20.9 21.1 20.6 167.9 167.4 168.3-147.0-146.3-147.7 Nay Pyi Taw 211.7 216.0 207.8 69.6 71.3 68.1 142.1 144.7 139.7 2014 Census Overview 29
Table 3.2: Migration rates for recent movements by State/Region, by sex State/Region of current residence In-migration rate per 1,000 population Outmigration rate per 1,000 population Net migration rate per 1,000 population Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Kachin 54.9 61.8 48.5 32.1 30.5 33.7 22.8 31.4 14.8 Kayah 49.9 51.3 48.6 29.4 28.1 30.5 20.6 23.2 18.1 Kayin 58.3 61.4 55.5 15.2 14.9 15.6 43.1 46.6 40.0 Chin 13.1 13.8 12.5 47.9 46.4 49.2-34.7-32.6-36.7 Sagaing 14.1 15.2 13.1 30.1 32.7 27.9-16.0-17.6-14.7 Tanintharyi 34.9 39.1 31.0 19.2 18.3 20.1 15.7 20.8 10.9 Bago 18.1 18.7 17.5 52.9 53.6 52.4-34.9-34.8-34.9 Magway 11.1 11.9 10.4 51.3 54.8 48.4-40.2-42.9-37.9 Mandalay 36.5 37.5 35.7 33.9 37.1 31.3 2.6 0.4 4.5 Mon 35.4 39.1 32.2 37.7 37.1 38.2-2.2 2.0-6.0 Rakhine 9.1 10.3 8.1 39.8 38.4 40.9-30.6-28.1-32.8 Yangon 116.4 113.6 119.0 23.5 24.4 22.6 93.0 89.1 96.4 Shan 27.3 29.3 25.5 16.0 15.4 16.5 11.3 13.9 9.0 Ayeyawady 7.9 8.0 7.9 73.0 72.1 73.7-65.0-64.1-65.8 Nay Pyi Taw 103.9 105.4 102.7 44.2 45.8 42.6 59.9 59.6 60.1 30 2014 Census Overview
Table 3.3: Top 20 District-to-District flows for recent migrants Rank District to District flow Number of migrants* Note: 1 West Yangon to East Yangon 56,601 2 Phyapon to North Yangon 51,086 3 West Yangon to North Yangon 43,044 4 Hinthada to North Yangon 35,311 5 Maubin to North Yangon 33,369 6 Labutta to North Yangon 29,796 7 Thayawady to North Yangon 29,362 8 North Yangon to East Yangon 28,368 9 Pathein to North Yangon 27,852 10 East Yangon to West Yangon 26,257 11 East Yangon to North Yangon 25,652 12 Phyapon to East Yangon 24,891 13 South Yangon to North Yangon 24,660 14 Myingyan to Mandalay 24,500 15 Myaungmya to North Yangon 21,694 16 Bago to East Yangon 20,807 17 Bago to North Yangon 18,663 18 North Yangon to West Yangon 17,519 19 Magway to North Yangon 16,231 20 Pathein to East Yangon 14,835 * Number of recent migrants who move between districts in the five years prior to the Census. 2014 Census Overview 31
Figure 3.1: Main reasons for migration by sex, Union 32 2014 Census Overview
Table 3.4: Age at which former household members left Myanmar by current country of residence Country of residence Age left Myanmar Thailand Malaysia Singapore China Japan South Korea India USA Other Total emigrant population 0-14 164,510 11,008 2,835 8,673 272 123 3,868 3,872 3,357 198,518 11.6% 3.6% 3.6% 9.4% 3.6% 0.8% 21.5% 10.3% 6.7% 9.8% 15-19 338,009 58,345 10,241 24,857 576 643 3,260 5,907 5,956 447,794 23.8% 19.2% 12.9% 26.9% 7.6% 4.4% 18.1% 15.7% 12.0% 22.1% 20-24 338,969 89,703 21,770 24,031 2,198 4,256 3,584 9,052 12,332 505,895 23.9% 29.5% 27.3% 26.0% 28.9% 29.2% 19.9% 24.1% 24.8% 25.0% 25-29 240,185 63,001 20,426 14,520 1,854 4,222 2,639 6,880 10,474 364,201 16.9% 20.7% 25.6% 15.7% 24.4% 28.9% 14.7% 18.3% 21.0% 18.0% 30-34 153,429 40,062 11,809 8,207 1,130 2,709 1,583 4,448 6,807 230,184 10.8% 13.2% 14.8% 8.9% 14.9% 18.6% 8.8% 11.8% 13.7% 11.4% 35-39 88,601 22,477 5,999 4,855 620 1,359 1,000 2,534 4,148 131,593 6.2% 7.4% 7.5% 5.3% 8.2% 9.3% 5.6% 6.7% 8.3% 6.5% 40-44 45,382 10,164 2,839 2,669 358 589 678 1,497 2,385 66,561 3.2% 3.3% 3.6% 2.9% 4.7% 4.0% 3.8% 4.0% 4.8% 3.3% 2014 Census Overview 33
Table 3.4: Age at which former household members left Myanmar by current country of residence (Contd.) Country of residence Age left Myanmar Thailand Malaysia Singapore China Japan South Korea India USA Other Total emigrant population 45-49 18,911 3,471 1,278 1,530 228 303 418 835 1,492 28,466 1.3% 1.1% 1.6% 1.7% 3.0% 2.1% 2.3% 2.2% 3.0% 1.4% 50-54 7,434 1,080 595 739 113 129 222 524 914 11,750 0.5% 0.4% 0.7% 0.8% 1.5% 0.9% 1.2% 1.4% 1.8% 0.6% 55-59 2,896 389 356 361 65 41 139 347 518 5,112 0.2% 0.1% 0.4% 0.4% 0.9% 0.3% 0.8% 0.9% 1.0% 0.3% 60-64 1,133 177 210 180 28 11 93 264 203 2,299 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% 0.4% 0.1% 0.5% 0.7% 0.4% 0.1% 65 + 2,015 383 351 229 22 19 121 532 265 3,937 0.1% 0.1% 0.4% 0.2% 0.3% 0.1% 0.7% 1.4% 0.5% 0.2% Not stated 16,998 3,736 950 1,412 133 188 370 885 928 25,600 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.5% 1.8% 1.3% 2.1% 2.4% 1.9% 1.3% Total 1,418,472 303,996 79,659 92,263 7,597 14,592 17,975 37,577 49,779 2,021,910 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 34 2014 Census Overview
Table 3.5: Total population of capital cities of State/Region by sex Capital city State/Region* Population Both sexes Male Female Yangon Yangon 5,211,431 2,466,918 2,744,513 Mandalay Mandalay 1,225,546 598,429 627,117 Nay Pyi Taw Nay Pyi Taw 1,160,242 565,155 595,087 Bago Bago 491,434 235,529 255,905 Hpa-An Kayin 421,575 203,910 217,665 Taunggyi Shan 381,639 185,954 195,685 Monywa Sagaing 372,095 171,951 200,144 Myitkyina Kachin 306,949 148,485 158,464 Magway Magway 289,247 135,103 154,144 Mawlamyine Mon 289,388 139,026 150,362 Pathein Ayeyawady 287,071 137,663 149,408 Sittwe Rakhine 147,899 70,470 77,429 Loikaw Kayah 128,401 63,109 65,292 Dawei Tanintharyi 125,605 60,044 65,561 Hakha Chin 48,352 23,022 25,330 Note: * Yangon, Mandalay and Nay Pyi Taw are defined as cities, with 33 townships in Yangon, 5 townships in Mandalay and 8 townships in Nay Pyi Taw. The population in remaining of the cities was calculated based on the number of people in urban areas. 2014 Census Overview 35
Table 3.6: Share of total urban population by State/Region: 1973, 1983 and 2014 Censuses State/Region 1973 urban (%) 1983 urban (%) 2014 urban (%) Union 24.3 24.8 29.6 Kachin 21.1 22.2 36.1 Kayah 23.8 26.0 25.3 Kayin 11.7 16.6 21.9 Chin 11.5 14.7 20.8 Sagaing 12.3 13.8 17.1 Tanintharyi 23.3 23.7 24.0 Bago 19.2 19.5 22.0 Magway 15.5 15.2 15.0 Mandalay 26.3 26.5 34.4 Mon 28.5 28.2 27.9 Rakhine 14.5 14.8 16.9 Yangon 69.6 68.2 70.1 Shan 18.0 21.3 24.0 Ayeyawady 16.5 14.9 14.1 Nay Pyi Taw * 32.3 Note: * Nay Pyi Taw was created in 2006; it was formerly part of Mandalay Region, hence its absence in previous censuses. 36 2014 Census Overview
Chapter 4: Education 2014 Census Overview 37
Figure 4.1: Adult literacy rate (15 years and over) by State/Region 2014 Census Overview 39
Table 4.1: Youth literacy rate (15-24), school attendance rate (5-29) and never attendance rate (5-29) by State/Region State/Region Youth literacy rate (15-24) (%) School attendance rate (5-29) (%) Never attendance rate (5-29) (%) Union 94.0 38.8 9.5 Kachin 97.8 49.0 5.6 Kayah 94.5 45.7 8.1 Kayin 86.8 41.8 16.9 Chin 93.3 56.4 10.6 Sagaing 97.4 41.2 5.4 Tanintharyi 96.1 43.6 8.5 Bago 96.7 38.6 6.7 Magway 97.1 40.8 6.5 Mandalay 97.6 37.8 5.3 Mon 93.8 41.7 9.3 Rakhine 91.3 42.2 11.0 Yangon 97.9 35.4 4.8 Shan 76.8 32.0 28.8 Ayeyawady 95.9 38.7 7.4 Nay Pyi Taw 97.3 41.2 5.5 Figure 4.2: Percentage of currently attending school by age by sex, Union 40 2014 Census Overview
Chapter 5: Economic Characteristics 2014 Census Overview 41
Figure 5.1: Schematic overview of the labour force 2014 Census Overview 43
Table 5.1: Labour force participation rate, unemployment rate and employment-to-population ratio* by State/ Region State/Region Labour force participation rate (15-64) Unemployment rate (15-64) Employment-topopulation ratio (15-64) Union 67.3 3.9 64.6 Kachin 67.3 3.7 64.7 Kayah 74.3 2.7 72.4 Kayin 61.1 7.5 56.5 Chin 65.2 5.3 61.8 Sagaing 72.4 3.6 69.8 Tanintharyi 64.3 4.6 61.4 Bago 62.5 5.1 59.4 Magway 71.4 3.3 69.1 Mandalay 68.0 3.1 65.9 Mon 61.1 6.2 57.3 Rakhine 59.2 10.4 53.1 Yangon 63.5 4.1 61.0 Shan 77.7 2.0 76.1 Ayeyawady 64.3 3.4 62.1 Nay Pyi Taw 70.0 2.9 68.0 Note: * refer to the definitions and concepts Figure 5.2: Age-specific labour force participation rate by sex, Union 44 2014 Census Overview
Table 5.2: Labour force participation rates for youth by sex by age, 1983 and 2014 Censuses Age group Male Female 1983 2014 1983 2014 15-19 48.3 60.0 35.8 44.2 20-29 78.7 89.1 40.3 58.7 Table 5.3: Youth unemployment rates by sex by age, urban and rural areas Sex/Age group Union Urban Rural Both sexes 10-14 12.5 14.3 12.1 15-19 10.2 10.9 9.9 20-24 8.6 10.7 7.6 25-29 4.8 6.0 4.2 15-24 9.3 10.8 8.6 15-29 7.7 9.0 7.1 Male 10-14 14.1 16.5 13.5 15-19 10.8 12.0 10.3 20-24 7.9 10.0 6.9 25-29 4.6 5.9 4.0 15-24 9.1 10.8 8.4 15-29 7.5 8.9 6.8 Female 10-14 10.5 11.0 10.5 15-19 9.4 9.1 9.4 20-24 9.5 11.7 8.5 25-29 5.0 6.1 4.6 15-24 9.5 10.8 8.9 15-29 7.9 9.1 7.5 2014 Census Overview 45
Figure 5.3: Main occupational categories of employed persons aged 10 and over in conventional households by sex Figure 5.4: Percentage of employed population in conventional households working in agriculture by State/Region 46 2014 Census Overview
Table 5.4: Employed persons aged 10 and over in conventional households by major industrial category* by State/Region State/Region Primary sector Secondary sector Tertiary sector Union 49.8 11.9 27.6 Kachin 53.5 14.1 32.4 Kayah 66.4 10.7 22.9 Kayin 62.3 10.1 27.6 Chin 81.1 3.3 15.7 Sagaing 66.3 11.9 21.7 Tanintharyi 57.7 11.5 30.9 Bago 60.3 11.4 28.3 Magway 69.8 8.6 21.7 Mandalay 43.1 20.1 36.8 Mon 49.6 14.4 36.0 Rakhine 61.0 8.1 30.9 Yangon 15.7 26.3 58.0 Shan 77.1 6.3 16.7 Ayeyawady 68.3 7.8 23.9 Nay Pyi Taw 46.3 12.1 41.6 Note: * refer to the definitions and concepts 2014 Census Overview 47
Figure 5.5: Percentage of all children aged 10-17 who were working by State/ Region 48 2014 Census Overview
Chapter 6: Fertility 2014 Census Overview 49
Figure 6.1: Total fertility rate and total marital fertility rate by State/Region Union 2.5 5.0 Kachin Kayah Kayin Chin Sagaing Tanintharyi Bago Magway Mandalay Mon Rakhine Yangon Shan Ayeyawady Nay Pyi Taw 3.0 6.1 3.5 6.9 3.4 5.9 5.0 2.5 5.3 3.3 6.3 2.4 4.4 2.3 4.8 2.1 4.6 2.5 4.9 2.8 5.0 1.9 4.0 3.1 5.6 2.8 5.0 2.4 4.4 9.2 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 Total fertility rate Total marital fertility rate 2014 Census Overview 51
Figure 6.2: Age-specific fertility rates (ASFR), Union Table 6.1: Adolescent fertility rates by State/Region Adolescent fertility rates (births/1,000 women aged 15-19) State/Region 15-19 15 16 17 18 19 Union 33 3 11 21 35 53 Kachin 37 3 13 24 40 62 Kayah 38 2 12 24 40 62 Kayin 39 2 14 26 43 66 Chin 50 3 18 34 58 88 Sagaing 31 3 11 20 32 49 Tanintharyi 38 2 12 24 41 64 Bago 28 2 9 18 29 46 Magway 27 2 9 17 28 43 Mandalay 23 2 7 14 24 37 Mon 27 1 9 18 29 46 Rakhine 39 3 13 24 41 64 Yangon 21 2 7 13 21 32 Shan 59 7 23 41 63 91 Ayeyawady 40 3 13 26 42 64 Nay Pyi Taw 33 2 11 20 34 53 52 2014 Census Overview
Chapter 7: Mortality 2014 Census Overview 53
Table 7.1: Life expectancy at birth by sex by State/Region State/Region Life expectancy at birth (years)* Both Sexes Male Female Union 64.7 60.2 69.3 Kachin 64.2 59.4 69.3 Kayah 64.3 59.1 70.2 Kayin 62.1 57.7 66.7 Chin 60.5 57.4 63.5 Sagaing 65.8 61.0 70.4 Tanintharyi 65.5 62.2 68.9 Bago 65.2 60.7 69.8 Magway 62.3 57.1 67.5 Mandalay 64.9 59.7 70.2 Mon 63.5 58.2 69.1 Rakhine 65.5 61.6 69.3 Yangon 65.5 60.5 70.8 Shan 64.8 60.5 69.4 Ayeyawady 63.6 60.2 67.2 Nay Pyi Taw 67.7 63.7 71.6 Note: * It is obtained from the life tables constructed with the adjusted and graduated age-sex specific death rates. The software used to calculated life tables is MORTPAK. 2014 Census Overview 55
Figure 7.1: Infant and under-five mortality rates* by State/Region Note: * per 1,000 live births Figure 7.2: Maternal mortality ratio* by State/Region Note: * per 100,000 live births 56 2014 Census Overview
Chapter 8: Disability 2014 Census Overview 57
Figure 8.1: Disability prevalence rates by State/Region Figure 8.2: Disability prevalence rates by domain, Union 2014 Census Overview 59
Table 8.1: Labour force participation rates for persons aged 15-64 in conventional households by domain by degree of disability by sex Type of disability Degree of disability Both sexes Male Female No disability 67.5 85.7 50.9 Seeing Mild disability 58.4 80.0 40.8 Moderate/Severe disability 38.5 52.3 25.3 No disability 67.4 85.7 50.7 Hearing Mild disability 54.8 74.4 38.8 Moderate/Severe disability 45.5 59.3 32.9 No disability 67.6 86.0 50.9 Walking Mild disability 47.2 61.9 33.4 Moderate/Severe disability 22.9 28.8 15.1 No disability 67.6 85.9 50.8 Remembering/ concentrating Mild disability 50.8 66.4 37.3 Moderate/Severe disability 25.5 29.8 20.7 60 2014 Census Overview
Table 8.2: Labour force participation rates for persons aged 15-64 in conventional households by domain by degree of disability by State/Region Seeing Hearing Walking Remembering/ Concentrating State/Region No disability Mild disability Moderate/ Severe disability No disability Mild disability Moderate/ Severe disability No disability Mild disability Moderate/ Severe disability No disability Mild disability Moderate/ Severe disability Kachin 67.4 62.5 43.8 67.4 56.9 46.1 67.5 54.2 27.9 67.5 55.4 26.2 Kayah 74.6 69.2 52.3 74.5 66.4 59.6 74.8 58.9 30.4 74.6 68.2 33.9 Kayin 61.4 56.0 37.5 61.2 52.0 46.0 61.5 46.5 25.7 61.4 49.0 26.3 Chin 65.1 72.0 50.0 65.4 65.9 51.6 65.7 59.6 35.2 65.7 61.9 39.8 Sagaing 72.6 58.5 27.3 72.5 56.3 44.6 72.7 44.6 19.2 72.7 48.0 22.8 Tanintharyi 64.5 59.8 46.6 64.4 57.2 47.2 64.7 54.3 26.9 64.7 55.2 25.4 Bago 62.7 52.7 32.1 62.6 47.7 41.0 62.8 39.2 16.9 62.8 40.8 17.1 Magway 71.7 60.0 34.6 71.6 55.7 45.9 71.9 47.4 20.6 71.7 49.5 24.1 Mandalay 68.2 56.2 31.3 68.1 50.7 43.0 68.3 40.8 18.8 68.2 43.6 22.0 Mon 61.3 56.0 35.7 61.3 49.8 39.9 61.5 42.9 18.2 61.5 41.8 20.9 Rakhine 59.3 56.8 41.7 59.3 50.9 42.3 59.4 45.9 27.5 59.5 49.0 23.0 Yangon 63.7 51.0 32.7 63.7 43.5 32.0 63.9 35.8 17.5 63.8 35.8 13.6 Shan 77.9 65.7 45.2 77.9 64.8 56.8 78.0 56.2 32.8 78.0 64.6 42.8 Ayeyawady 64.6 60.0 43.9 64.4 55.2 45.1 64.7 51.6 24.2 64.7 53.3 25.0 Nay Pyi Taw 70.2 62.1 37.7 70.1 55.3 43.0 70.3 45.6 21.9 70.2 49.4 19.7 2014 Census Overview 61
Chapter 9: Housing Conditions and Household Amenities 2014 Census Overview 63
Table 9.1: Percentage of households with access to improved drinking water, improved sanitation and modern and sustainable energy for cooking and lighting by State/Region State/Region Percentage of households with access to improved drinking water Percentage of households with access to improved sanitation Percentage of households with access to modern and sustainable* energy sources for cooking Percentage of households with access to modern and sustainable** energy sources for lighting Union 69.5 74.3 16.8 41.1 Note: Kachin 76.6 85.5 5.3 48.0 Kayah 58.3 88.6 22.6 66.2 Kayin 64.0 68.9 10.2 32.7 Chin 70.2 74.5 0.8 31.5 Sagaing 81.1 71.6 8.7 36.0 Tanintharyi 63.6 66.6 2.1 10.6 Bago 73.6 74.7 9.5 34.0 Magway 76.6 68.4 9.5 32.8 Mandalay 85.6 79.8 21.5 47.5 Mon 69.0 78.7 19.4 38.4 Rakhine 37.7 31.8 1.4 16.0 Yangon 77.3 91.1 49.1 70.9 Shan 54.7 63.8 15.3 60.0 Ayeyawady 50.3 74.9 3.7 16.5 Nay Pyi Taw 87.7 87.2 34.2 48.4 *Modern and sustainable energy for cooking = Electricity/LPG. **Modern and sustainable energy for lighting = Electricity/Solar system. 2014 Census Overview 65
Figure 9.1: Percentage of households by sources of water for drinking by urban and rural, Union Figure 9.2: Percentage of households by type of toilet facilities used by urban and rural, Union 66 2014 Census Overview
Figure 9.3: Percentage of households by sources of lighting by urban and rural, Union Figure 9.4: Percentage of households by sources of fuel for cooking, Union 2014 Census Overview 67
Figure 9.5: Percentage of households by sources of fuel for cooking by urban and rural 68 2014 Census Overview
Figure 9.6: Percentage of households that use charcoal or firewood as fuel for cooking by State/Region 2014 Census Overview 69
Definitions and Concepts Population: The population in this report corresponds to the de-facto population of Myanmar on Census Night (see below). Census Night: The night between the 29 th and the 30 th March 2014. Every person in Myanmar was enumerated where they spent the Census Night. De-Facto Census: The de-facto census method enumerates persons at the place where they spend the Census Night. The census enumeration could also be carried out using a De jure approach where people are enumerated in their usual or legal place of residence. Although each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages, the de facto approach is easier to implement, it is closer to the reality of daily life and mitigates the possibility of omission and duplication. The 2014 MPHC was conducted based on the de facto approach. Conventional Household: A conventional household includes one or more persons who are either related or unrelated and share living quarters (single quarter or compound) and meals. The household members would be eating food prepared from the same cooking pot. In most cases, there would be one person acknowledged by the household members as the head of the household. Head of household: The head of a conventional household is the household member who makes key decisions and is recognised as head of the household by others. The head of household may be male or female. The person is not necessarily mainly responsible for earning the livelihood for the household. In the 2014 MPHC, if the head of household was not present on Census Night, the next most responsible member was reported as the de facto head. Population Density: The population density relates to the number of persons in a given administrative area to the surface of the area, expressed in square kilometres (Km 2 ). Areas covered by water are excluded from the calculation. Rural area: Areas classified by the Department of General Administration (GAD) as village tracts. Generally these are areas with low population density and a land use which is predominantly agricultural. Urban area: Areas classified by the GAD as wards. Generally these areas have an increased density of building structures, population and better infrastructural development. Sex Ratio: Number of males per 100 females in the population (number of males divided by females multiplied by 100). Dependency ratio: The total dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents (people younger than 15 years and older than 64) to the population of working-age (age 15-64). Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population. Three different measures can be calculated: total dependency ratio, child dependency ratio and old age dependency ratio. 70 2014 Census Overview
Child dependency ratio: is the proportion of people younger than 15 years to the working age population (15-64). Old dependency ratio: is the proportion of people older than 64 years to the working age population (15-64). Ageing index: is the ratio of the population aged 65 and over to the population aged under 15. It takes into account the size and changes at both ends of the age distribution, or the shift in the balance between the populations of children and older persons. Median age: is the age at which exactly half the population is younger and half is older than that age. Average household size: The number of persons per household (people living in households divided by number of conventional households). Population growth: is the increase or decrease in population numbers during a particular time interval. Population change is logically more appropriate, since numbers may decline as well as increase, but population change might mean any kind of change, whereas population growth will generally be understood to mean a change in the number of persons. Marital status: Status of the enumerated person in relation to the institution of marriage. The marital status was described by five categories: Single/never married, married, widowed, divorced/separated and renounced. Singulate mean at marriage: refers to the average age at first marriage (average number of years of single life), before a certain age (defined at 50), of the population born in the same year. In-migrant (or immigrant): is a migrant who has moved into a migration defining area. Outmigrant (or emigrant): is a migrant who has moved out of a migration defining area. Recent migrants: in the context of the 2014 Census are persons who changed their place of usual residence during the five years before the Census. Lifetime migrants: in this report are defined as those persons who have moved between Townships at any time since their birth (including those who returned to their Township of birth in the interval from birth to the date of the Census). Urbanization: is taken to mean, in this report, the process of transition from a rural to a more urban society, with an increasing proportion of a population residing in areas designated as urban. 2014 Census Overview 71
Adult literacy rate: is the ability to read and write in one or more languages with reasonable understanding. Adult literacy rates are based on the total enumerated population aged 15 years and above. Youth literacy rate: is the ability to read and write in one or more languages with reasonable understanding. Youth literacy rates are based on the total enumerated population aged 15 to 24 years. School attendance: Attendance at any regular educational institution or systematic instruction at any level of education during the 12 months prior to the 2014 Census. This included schooling at pre-primary, primary, lower secondary/middle, upper secondary/high school, and tertiary institutions of higher learning. The corresponding response options in the 2014 Census questionnaire were: (a) Currently attending; (b) Attended previously; (c) Never attended. Labour force participation rate: The ratio between the labour force and the overall size of the total population of the same age range. This is an important indicator as it measures the proportion of the population that is economically active. Unemployment rate: The percentage of the total labour force that was unemployed but actively seeking employment and willing to work. These are people who were without work, looking for jobs and available for work. Employment-to-population ratio: A statistical ratio that measures the proportion of the country s working-age population (usually aged 15-64) that is employed. Age-specific ratios can, however, be calculated for any particular age-group. Occupation: Occupation refers to the kind of work an employed person did in the establishment during the 12 months (reference period) before the census date. Put differently, occupation is the kind of work done during the last 12 months by the person employed, regardless of the industry of the establishment. Industry: Industry refers to the main activity of the establishment where an employed person usually worked during the 12 months (reference period) before the census date. Primary sector: Industries covered by the agricultural, forestry and fishing sections. Secondary sector: Industries covered by the following sections: Mining and quarrying; Manufacturing; Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply; Water supply, sewerage and waste management and remediation activities; and Construction. Tertiary sector: Those industries not covered by the primary and secondary sectors. 72 2014 Census Overview
Total fertility rate: A summary measure of the level of fertility in a population. It is the average number of children per woman that would be observed for the reproductive age span for a birth cohort of women who experience given age-specific fertility rates. When the reproductive age span is taken to be 15-49 years, and birth rates are given for five-year age-groups, total fertility is calculated as five times the sum of the age-specific fertility rates for ages 15-19 through to 45-49. Total marital fertility rate: A summary measure of the level of marital fertility in a population. When the reproductive age span is taken to be 15-49 years, and birth rates are given for fiveyear age-groups, total marital fertility is calculated as five times the sum of the age-specific marital fertility rates for ages 15-19 through to 45-49. It is interpreted as the average number of children per woman that would be observed at the end of the reproductive age span for a birth cohort of women where all women marry at exact age 15 years and experience the given age-specific marital fertility rates. Age specific fertility rate (ASFR): The age-specific fertility rate measures the annual number of births to women of a specified age or age group per 1,000 women in that age group. Unless otherwise specified, the reference period for the age-specific fertility rates is the calendar year. Adolescent fertility rate: The age-specific fertility rate for women aged 15-19 years, typically multiplied by 1,000 for more convenient presentation. Life expectancy at birth: The average number of years that a newborn baby is expected to live if the mortality conditions of the year corresponding to the life table remain constant. Infant mortality rate: The number of deaths of infants aged under one year per 1,000 live births (and sometimes referred to as the probability of death from birth to age 1). Under-five mortality rate (U5MR): This is an approximation of the probability of dying before the age of five. It is the number of children who die before reaching five years of age (numerator), divided by the total number of live births in a given one-year period (denominator), multiplied by 1,000. Maternal mortality ratio: the number of maternal deaths divided by the number of live births, multiplied by 100,000. Disability: is a condition where a person is at a greater risk than the general population of experiencing restrictions in performing routine activities (including activities of daily living) or participating in roles (such as work) if no supportive measures are offered. The types of difficulty (referred to in this report as domains ) identified in the 2014 Census included: (a) Seeing difficulties (b) Hearing difficulties (c) Walking difficulties (d) Remembering or concentrating difficulties. 2014 Census Overview 73
Improved drinking water: is drinking water from a source that is defined as one that, by nature of its construction or through active intervention, is likely to be protected from outside contamination, in particular from contamination with faecal matter. The 2014 Census identified the following sources as Improved : Tap/piped water; Tube well/borehole; Protected well/ spring; and Bottled/ purified water. All other sources of drinking water identified in the Census were classified as Unimproved. Improved sanitation: is a toilet facility that hygienically separates human excreta from human contact. The 2014 Census identified the following toilet facilities as Improved : Flush, and Water seal (improved latrine). All other types of toilet identified in the 2014 Census were classified as Unimproved. 74 2014 Census Overview