INTRODUCTION... xxvii STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES... xxvii REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY... xxvii CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM... xxviii SCOPE AND FORMAT... xxviii METHODOLOGY... xxix INFORMATION SOURCES... xxix RELATED BCC REPORTS... xxix ANALYST S CREDENTIALS... xxix BCC ONLINE SERVICES... xxx DISCLAIMER... xxx EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... xxxi SUMMARY TABLE NORTH AMERICAN MARKET GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... XXXI SUMMARY FIGURE NORTH AMERICAN MARKET GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY, 2005-2012 ($ MILLIONS)... XXXII INDUSTRY AND MARKETS OVERVIEW... 1 NORTH AMERICAN MARKETS... 1 FIGURE 1 SHARE OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKETS FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY TYPE, 2007... 1 FIGURE 1 (CONTINUED)... 2 WORLDWIDE MARKETS... 2 FIGURE 2 SHARE OF GLOBAL NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA CONSUMPTION, BY TYPE, 2007 (%)... 3 FIGURE 3 SHARE OF GLOBAL NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS, BY WORLD REGION, 2007 (%)... 4 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS... 4 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE... 5 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE (CONTINUED)... 6 TECHNICAL OVERVIEW... 7 FIGURE 4 TYPES OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURING PROCESSES... 8 FILTRATION OVERVIEW... 8 FILTRATION OVERVIEW (CONTINUED)... 9 SEPARATION BY NONWOVEN FIBERS... 10 Impingement... 10 Coalescence... 10 Entrapment... 10 FILTRATION TYPES... 11
Surface Filtration... 11 Deep-Bed or Depth Filtration... 11 Comparison of Types of Filtrations... 12 TABLE 1 COMPARISON OF FILTRATION TYPES... 12 NONWOVEN MATERIALS OVERVIEW... 12 TYPES OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA... 13 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES... 13 TABLE 2 RAW MATERIALS USED BY THE NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA INDUSTRY... 14 Chemical Properties and Fiber Sources... 14 Natural Fibers... 14 Cellulose or Cotton... 15 Wool... 15 Other Natural Fibers... 15 Synthetic Fibers... 15 Acrylic Fibers... 16 Aromatic Polyaramide... 16 Fluorocarbon Polymer... 17 Melamine Polymer... 17 Polyester... 17 Polyimide... 18 Polyolefins and Polypropylene... 18 Polyphenylene Sulfide... 19 Glass... 19 Bi-Component Fibers... 20 Rayon... 20 SUMMARY OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES... 20 TABLE 3 KEY PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COMMERCIAL FIBERS USED IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA INDUSTRY... 21 TABLE 4 RESISTANCE LEVELS OF FIBERS FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN LIQUID FILTRATION APPLICATIONS... 21 TABLE 5 RESISTANCE LEVELS OF FIBERS FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN GAS FILTRATION APPLICATIONS... 22 Key Physical Properties and Testing of Filter Media... 22 TABLE 6 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIBERS THAT INFLUENCE FILTRATION PERFORMANCE... 23 Key Physical Properties and (Continued)... 24 TABLE 7 STANDARD TEST METHODS FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA... 25 TABLE 8 CLASSIFICATION OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA PROPERTIES... 25 Triboelectric Effects in Filter Media... 26 TABLE 9 TRIBOELECTRIC NATURE OF FIBERS USED IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA... 26
COMPARISON OF MEMBRANES AND NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA... 27 TABLE 10 COMPARISON OF MEMBRANE AND NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA... 28 MANUFACTURING OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA... 28 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES... 28 Manufacturing Technologies (Continued)... 29 Airlaid Process... 30 Fiber Selection and Preparation... 30 Airlaying... 31 Web Layering... 31 Carded... 31 Wetlaid Process... 32 Process Equipments... 32 Spunbond Process... 33 Manufacturing Process... 34 Polymer Melt Preparation... 34 Filament Extrusion, Spinning, and Drawing... 35 DuPont s Flash-Spinning Process... 36 Web Forming... 37 Bonding... 37 Product Characteristics... 38 TABLE 11 CHARACTERISTICS OF SPUNBONDED NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA... 38 Commercial Spunbonding Processes... 38 Lutravil Process... 38 Docan Process... 39 Reicofil Process... 39 MELTBLOWN PROCESS... 40 Meltblowing Operation... 40 Meltblowing Operation (Continued)... 41 Process and Property Relationships... 42 TABLE 12 CHARACTERISTICS OF MELTBLOWN FILTER MEDIA... 43 Limitations of Meltblown Technology... 43 TABLE 13 COMPARISON OF SPUNBONDING AND MELTBLOWN TECHNOLOGIES FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA... 43 Apertured Films Process... 44 Hybrids And Combination Composites... 45 Composites... 45 Emerging Technology... 46 Dual Density Nonwoven Composites... 46 COMMON DOWNSTREAM OPERATIONS IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURING... 47 Layering... 47
Needle Punching... 48 Spunlacing... 48 Bonding... 48 Stitch Bonding... 49 Chemical Bonding... 49 Thermal Bonding... 50 Finishing... 50 SUMMARY OF THE NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURING PROCESSES... 50 TABLE 14 COMPARISON OF BASIC NONWOVEN TECHNOLOGIES USED IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURING... 51 PRODUCT FORMS OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA... 51 AIR AND GAS FILTRATION... 52 WATER AND LIQUID FILTRATION PRODUCTS... 52 TABLE 15 PRODUCT FORMS OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA... 53 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURING... 53 UNIFORM POROSITY IN THE FILTER MEDIA... 53 ENHANCEMENTS OF FILTER MEDIA LIFE IN DEPTH FILTRATION... 54 CHEMICAL TREATMENT FOR MEDIA STRENGTH ENHANCEMENT... 55 MARKETPLACE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA... 55 TABLE 16 SHIPMENTS OF MAJOR FIBERS USED IN NONWOVEN INDUSTRY (MILLION POUNDS)... 56 TABLE 17 MARKET GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA CONSUMPTION BY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 56 FIGURE 5 MARKET GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY TYPE, 2007 AND 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 57 FIGURE 6 MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS BY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2012 (PERCENTAGE SHARE)... 57 FIGURE 6 (CONTINUED)... 58 MARKETPLACE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER (CONTINUED)... 59 COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS... 60 WATER FILTRATION INDUSTRY... 60 DRINKING WATER... 61 Membrane-Based Separations Applications... 62 PROCESS INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS... 63 Process Filtration Applications... 64 WASTE WATER TREATMENT APPLICATIONS... 64 Industrial Treatment Applications... 64
Municipal Treatment Applications... 65 SWIMMING POOLS APPLICATIONS... 66 SEAWATER DESALINATION... 67 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN WATER FILTRATION INDUSTRY... 67 TABLE 18 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FORECAST OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA CONSUMPTION IN THE WATER FILTRATION INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 68 FIGURE 7 PROJECTED GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS IN WATER FILTRATION APPLICATIONS, 2007 AND 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 68 FIGURE 8 MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY TYPE IN WATER FILTRATION APPLICATIONS, 2007 (PERCENTAGE SHARE)... 69 TABLE 19 WATER FILTRATION APPLICATIONS MARKET SHARE BY NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA TYPE, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)... 70 TABLE 20 GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS BY FILTRATE TYPE IN WATER FILTRATION APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012... 71 HVAC INDUSTRY... 71 AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION STUDY... 72 VENTILATION FILTERS... 72 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Issues... 73 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Issues (Continued)... 74 The 52.2 Ashrae Standards... 75 Residential Air Filtration Trends... 75 Air Filtration In Commercial Buildings... 76 BIOCIDE LACED FILTER MEDIA... 76 ADSORBENT IMPREGNATED FILTER MEDIA FOR ODOR REMOVAL... 77 VACUUM CLEANER BAGS... 78 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN THE HVAC INDUSTRY... 79 TABLE 21 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FORECAST FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA CONSUMPTION IN HVAC APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 79 FIGURE 9 PROJECTED GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS IN HVAC APPLICATIONS, 2007 AND 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 80 FIGURE 10 MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY TYPE IN HVAC APPLICATIONS, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 81 TABLE 22 HVAC APPLICATIONS MARKET SHARE BY NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA TYPE, 2007... 82
TABLE 23 GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS BY FILTRATE TYPE IN HVAC APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 82 TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY... 82 FUEL AND LUBE OIL FILTERS... 83 Fuel and Lube Oil Filters (Continued)... 84 Filter Media Customization for End Use Application... 85 AIR INDUCTION FILTERS... 85 Freudenburg s Evolon Technology... 86 Donaldson Co. Engine Air Filter Media Based on Eon Technology... 86 CABIN AIR FILTERS... 87 California Vehicle Compartments Pollutants Study... 88 Automobile Applications... 88 CPS Technology From BBA Filtration Products... 89 Technostat Filter Media From Hollingsworth and Vose... 89 3M s Filterete Products for Cabin Air Filtration... 90 Donaldson s Ultraweb Nanofiber Technology for Cabin Air Filtration... 90 Humidity Effect on Cabin Air Filtration Systems... 91 AVIATION INDUSTRY... 91 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN THE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY... 92 TABLE 24 CABIN AIR FILTRATION MARKET GROWTH (THROUGH 2012)... 93 TABLE 25 GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA CONSUMPTION IN THE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 94 FIGURE 11 PROJECTED GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, 2007 AND 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 94 FIGURE 12 MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY TYPE IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 95 TABLE 26 TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MARKET SHARE BY NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA TYPE, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)... 96 TABLE 27 GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS BY FILTRATE TYPE IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 96 FIGURE 13 MARKETS FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY FILTRATE TYPE IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 97 FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY... 97
BEVERAGE MANUFACTURING... 98 Beverage Manufacturing (Continued)... 99 Brewing Industry Applications... 100 Bottled Water Industry Applications... 100 Oils and Fermentation Products Industry Applications... 101 COFFEE AND TEA BAGS... 101 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY... 102 TABLE 28 GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA CONSUMPTION IN THE FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 102 FIGURE 14 PROJECTED GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS IN FOOD PROCESSING APPLICATIONS, 2007 AND 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 103 FIGURE 15 MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY TYPE FOR FOOD PROCESSING APPLICATIONS, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 104 TABLE 29 FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MARKET SHARE BY NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA TYPE, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)... 105 TABLE 30 GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS BY FILTRATE TYPE IN FOOD INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 105 FIGURE 16 MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY FILTRATE TYPE IN FOOD INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 106 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY... 106 DUST COLLECTION APPLICATIONS... 107 Textile Mills... 108 POWER GENERATION... 108 Turbomachinery Applications... 108 TABLE 31 SURVEY OF COMMON AIRBORNE CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATION AND SIZES... 109 Hot Gas Filtration Applications... 110 Coal Power Plant Applications... 110 Water Filters For Generators... 111 FILTER MEDIA FOR WATER JET CUTTING MACHINES... 111 CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRY... 111 Chemical Process Industry (Continued)... 112 Fiber Manufacturing Applications... 113 metal processing industry... 114 mining industry applications... 115 hydraulic fluid filtration... 115 mine air filtration... 115 paints and coatings industry applications... 116
filler particle removal from effluents... 116 ink filtration applications... 116 gels removal... 117 PERFUMES AND COSMETICS INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS... 118 PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT... 118 Electrostatic Nonwoven Filter Media For Removal Of Microbial Spores And Bacteria... 119 HIGH TEMPERATURE FILTRATION IN CEMENT AND ASPHALT MANUFACTURING... 119 BIOFILTRATION APPLICATIONS... 120 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY... 120 TABLE 32 GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA CONSUMPTION IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 121 FIGURE 17 PROJECTED GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, 2007 AND 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 121 FIGURE 18 MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY TYPE IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 122 TABLE 33 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MARKET SHARE, BY NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA TYPE, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)... 123 TABLE 34 GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS, BY FILTRATE TYPE, IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 123 FIGURE 19 MARKETS FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY FILTRATE TYPE, IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 124 HEPA AND ULPA FILTRATION APPLICATIONS... 125 Hepa and Ulpa Filter Media Guidelines... 125 Emerging Technologies for Hepa Filtration... 126 PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY... 126 Pharmaceutical Industry (Continued)... 127 AIR FILTRATION IN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES... 128 TABLE 35 AVERAGE SIZE OF COMMON CONTAMINANTS IN HOSPITAL AIR... 128 TABLE 36 CHARACTERISTICS OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN HOSPITAL AIR FILTRATION APPLICATIONS... 129 Air Filtration in Healthcare Facilities (Continued)... 130 BIOFLUIDS FILTRATION APPLICATIONS... 131 Blood and Serum Filtration Applications... 132 Separation of Red and White Blood Cells by Filtration... 132 BIOMEMBRANE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS... 133
MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS IN THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR... 134 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY... 135 TABLE 37 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FORECAST FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA CONSUMPTION IN HEALTHCARE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 135 FIGURE 20 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FORECAST OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS IN HEALTHCARE, 2007 AND 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 136 FIGURE 21 MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY TYPE, IN HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 137 TABLE 38 HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MARKET SHARE BY NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA TYPE, 2007... 138 TABLE 39 GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS, BY FILTRATE TYPE, IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 138 FIGURE 22 MARKETS FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY FILTRATE TYPE, IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 139 PETROLEUM PROCESSING INDUSTRY... 139 PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY... 139 OIL WATER SEPARATION APPLICATIONS... 140 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY... 140 TABLE 40 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FORECAST FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA CONSUMPTION IN PETROLEUM PROCESSING, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 141 FIGURE 23 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FORECAST OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS IN PETROLEUM PROCESSING, 2007 AND 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 141 FIGURE 24 MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 142 TABLE 41 PETROLEUM PROCESSING APPLICATION MARKET SHARES, BY NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA TYPE, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)... 143 TABLE 42 NORHT AMERICAN MARKET FORECAST FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS IN PETROLEUM PROCESSING BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012... 143 FIGURE 25 MARKETS FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY FILTRATE TYPE, IN PETROLEUM PROCESSING APPLICATIONS, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 144 HIGH TECHNOLOGY AND CLEAN ROOMS... 144 ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING... 145
Clean Room Manufacturing Environment... 145 Removal of Foul Gases by Adsorbent Loaded Filter Media... 146 Solvent Filtration in Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing... 147 Ultra-Pure Water Usage in the High-Technology Industry... 147 Meltblown Polypropylene for CMP Slurry Applications... 148 AIR FILTRATION FOR ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS... 149 Electronics and Disk Drives... 149 Fuel Cells... 150 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN THE HIGH TECHNOLOGY AND CLEAN ROOM SUPPLY INDUSTRY... 150 TABLE 43 GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA CONSUMPTION IN THE HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)... 151 FIGURE 26 PROJECTED GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS IN HIGH TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS, 2007 AND 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 151 FIGURE 27 MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY TYPE, IN HIGH TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 152 TABLE 44 HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MARKET SHARE, BY NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA TYPE, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)... 153 TABLE 45 GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS, BY FILTRATE TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 153 FIGURE 28 MARKETS FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY FILTRATE TYPE, IN HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 154 GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN NORTH AMERICAN MARKETS... 154 TABLE 46 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FORECAST NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA CONSUMPTION, BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 155 FIGURE 29 MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS, BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 156 FIGURE 30 PROJECTED MARKET GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY APPLICATION SECTOR, 2007 AND 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 157 FIGURE 31 PROJECTED GROWTH RATES OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS, BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2007-2012 (PERCENTAGE)... 158 TABLE 47 GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS, BY FILTRATE TYPE, 2007, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 159
FIGURE 32 MARKET GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY FILTRATE TYPE, 2007 AND 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 159 FIGURE 33 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKET SHARE BY FILTRATE TYPE, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 160 TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS... 161 PATENT ANALYSIS... 161 TABLE 48 U.S. PATENTS ISSUED TO LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, 1996-2006... 162 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES... 162 WET LAID PROCESS... 162 Use of Nanofibers... 163 Chemical Modification of the Fibers... 163 SPUNBONDING PROCESS... 163 Use of Crimped Fibers... 164 MELTBLOWN PROCESS... 164 Incorporation of Ferroelectric Particles for Electromagnetic Attributes... 165 High Strength Meltblown Filter Media... 165 High Strength Composites... 165 Meltblown Filter Media With Micro- and Nano-Scale Fibers... 166 Nanoval Process for Nanofibers... 167 Electrohydrodynamic Spinning for Nanofibers... 167 Enhancement Of Meltblown Technology for Electrostatic Filter Media... 168 Enhancement of Web Anisotropy by Fiber Alignment... 168 Integration With Fabrication Step... 169 APERTURED FILMS PROCESS... 169 EMERGING TECHNOLOGY TRENDS BY MANUFACTURING METHOD... 170 FIGURE 34 SHARE OF U.S. PATENTS, BY TYPE OF NONWOVEN MANUFACTURING PROCESS, 2001-2006 (PERCENTAGE)... 171 EMERGING TECHNOLOGY TRENDS BY MANUFACTURER... 171 TABLE 49 ASSIGNEES OF TWO OR MORE U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURING, 2001-2006... 172 EMERGING TECHNOLOGY TRENDS BY COUNTRY... 172 FIGURE 35 SHARES OF THE U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO THE NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURING, 2001-2006 (PERCENTAGE)... 172 FIGURE 35 (CONTINUED)... 173 OVERALL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT TRENDS... 173 OVERALL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT (CONTINUED)... 174 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND ANALYSIS... 175
MARKETS FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA... 175 MANUFACTURERS OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA... 175 Airlaid... 175 TABLE 50 ESTIMATED MARKET SHARE OF LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF AIRLAID NONWOVEN MEDIA IN NORTH AMERICA, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)... 176 FIGURE 36 ESTIMATED MARKET SHARE OF LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF AIRLAID NONWOVEN MEDIA IN NORTH AMERICA, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 176 Wetlaid... 176 TABLE 51 ESTIMATED MARKET SHARE OF LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF WETLAID NONWOVEN MEDIA IN NORTH AMERICA, 2007... 177 FIGURE 37 ESTIMATED MARKET SHARE OF LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF WETLAID NONWOVEN MEDIA IN NORTH AMERICA, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 177 Spunbonded... 178 TABLE 52 ESTIMATED MARKET SHARE OF LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF SPUNBONDED NONWOVEN MEDIA IN NORTH AMERICA, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)... 178 FIGURE 38 ESTIMATED MARKET SHARE OF LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF SPUNBONDED NONWOVEN MEDIA IN NORTH AMERICA, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 178 Meltblown... 179 TABLE 53 ESTIMATED MARKET SHARE OF LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF MELTBLOWN NONWOVEN MEDIA IN NORTH AMERICA, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)... 179 FIGURE 39 ESTIMATED MARKET SHARE OF LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF MELTBLOWN NONWOVEN MEDIA IN NORTH AMERICA, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 179 Apertured Films... 180 TABLE 54 ESTIMATED MARKET SHARE OF LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF APERTURED FILMS IN NORTH AMERICA, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)... 180 FIGURE 40 ESTIMATED MARKET SHARE OF LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF APERTURED FILMS IN NORTH AMERICA, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 180 SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA INDUSTRY... 181 Strengths... 181 Weaknesses... 181 Opportunities... 182 Threats... 182 DRIVING FORCE ANALYSIS... 183
REGULATORY FORCES... 183 Clean Air Act (CAA)... 183 The 2007 Highway Rule by the Epa... 184 The 2.5 PM Standard by the EPA... 184 The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) and The Clean Water Act (CWA)... 184 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)... 185 PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS... 185 Air and Water Quality Concerns... 185 Environmental Protection and Pollution Control... 186 ECONOMIC FORCES... 186 Raw Material Inflation and Product Pricing... 187 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE FORCES... 187 Rivalries Among Competitors... 187 New Entrants and New Technologies... 188 Substitute Products... 188 Buyers Influence... 189 Suppliers Influence... 189 COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES IN THE NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA INDUSTRY... 190 NEW MARKET DEVELOPMENT... 190 Ahlstrom s New Nanofiber Line as Enabling Technology... 191 STRATEGIC ALLIANCES AND MERGERS... 191 Hollingsworth & Vose Alliance With Donaldson... 192 Donaldson and Polymer Group Alliance... 192 Kimberly-Clark Alliance With The U.S. Green Building Council... 192 3M and Fleetguard Alliance... 192 Customization... 193 Focus on Niche Markets... 194 WORLDWIDE ASPECTS OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BUSINESS... 195 TABLE 55 WORLDWIDE MARKETS FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY TYPE, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)... 195 FIGURE 41 WORLDWIDE-NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS BY TYPE, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 196 TABLE 56 WORLDWIDE-NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS BY FILTRATE TYPE, 2007... 197 FIGURE 42 WORLDWIDE-NONWOVEN FILTRATION MARKETS BY FILTRATE TYPE, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 197 TABLE 57 WORLDWIDE OUTLOOK FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKET GROWTH, THROUGH 2012... 198 FIGURE 43 WORLDWIDE-NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2007 (PERCENTAGE)... 199
FIGURE 44 PROJECTED GROWTH OF WORLDWIDE NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS, 2007 AND 2012 ($ MILLIONS)... 200 FIGURE 45 PROJECTED CAGR OF WORLDWIDE NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MARKETS BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2007-2012 (CAGR %)... 200 MANUFACTURING COMPANY PROFILES... 201 NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURERS... 201 3M CO.... 201 ALBARRIE CANADA LTD.... 201 AMERICAN FELT AND FILTER CO.... 202 AMERICAN NONWOVEN CORP.... 202 BBA FILTRATION... 202 BUCKEYE TECHNOLOGIES INC.... 203 CARLEE CORP.... 204 CEREX CO.... 204 CLARCOR CORP... 204 DARRELL HANNA ASSOCIATES... 205 DELSTAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.... 205 DONALDSON COMPANY INC.... 206 DUPONT CO.... 206 EAGLE NONWOVENS INC.... 207 EMERGENCY FILTRATION PRODUCTS... 207 FIBER BOND CORP.... 207 FIBERMARK... 208 FILTER SPECIALIST INC.... 208 FILTERTEK... 209 FLEETGUARD NELSON INDUSTRIES... 209 FOSS MANUFACTURING CO.... 210 FREUDENBERG NONWOVENS CO... 210 GUSMER ENTERPRISES... 211 HANES ENGINEERED MATERIALS... 211 HAYWARD INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS... 211 HOLLINEE CO.... 212 HOLLINGSWOTH & VOSE CO.... 212 JOHNS MANVILLE CO.... 213 KIMBERLY-CLARK CORP.... 214 LANTOR INC.... 214 LYDALL INC.... 215 MIDWEST FILTRATION CO.... 215 MONADNOCK NONWOVENS LLC... 215 NANOSTATICS LLC... 216 NATIONAL NONWOVENS INC... 216 PALL CORP.... 216 PGI NONWOVENS... 217
POWELL LLC... 217 PURAFIL INC.... 218 SEFAR AMERICA INC.... 218 STANDARD FILTER CORPORATION... 218 SUPERIOR FIBERS, INC.... 219 TEXEL NONWOVENS... 219 WESTERN NONWOVENS INC.... 219 INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURERS... 220 AHLSTORM... 220 AVGOL NONWOVEN INDUSTRIES LTD... 221 CHARMINAR NONWOVEN LTD.... 221 FIBERWEBINDIA LTD... 221 FILTRAIR... 222 GOPANI PRODUCT SYSTEMS... 222 GORDIAN NONWOVEN TECHNOLOGY CO.... 222 GUTSCHE GMBH... 223 KANG NA HSIUNG KNH ENTERPRISE LTD.... 223 KARINCA FILTER... 223 LIBELTEX N.V.... 224 MOGUL NONWOVENS... 224 NAOM URIM CO.... 225 RAYOLIN GMBH... 225 RKW GMBH... 225