Horizon 2020 and CAP towards 2020 An update of contributions by the SCAR cwg AKIS Dublin, June, 2013 Pascal Bergeret, Krijn J. Poppe, Kevin Heanue
Content of the presentation Summary of findings CWG AKIS 1 from presentation at EIP event March 7, 2012. Mandate and progress CWG AKIS 2 Pro-AKIS Discussion
TWO VIEWS ON INNOVATION POLICY (SMITS ET AL, 2010) Mainstream macro-economics Institutional and evolutionary economics: Main assumptions Focus Equilibrium Perfect information Allocation of resources for invention Systems of Innovation Dis-equilibrium Asymetric information Interaction in innovation processes Individuals Networks and frame conditions Main policy Science / research policy Innovation policy Main rationale Market failure Systemic problems Government intervenes to provide public goods solve problems in the system mitigate externalities reduce barriers to entry facilitate creation new systems facilitate transition and avoid lock-in main strengths of policies designed under this paradigm eliminate inefficient market structures clarity and simplicity analysis based on long term trends of science-based indicators induce changes in the supporting structure for innovation: create institutions and support networking context specific involvement of all policies related to innovation holistic approach to innovation main weaknesses of policies designed under this paradigm linear model of innovation (institutional) framework conditions are not explicitly considered difficult to implement lack of indicators for analysis and evaluation of policy 3
THE FINDINGS FROM THE SCAR AKIS REPORT AKIS is originally a theoretical concept (based in observations) that is relevant to describe national or regional AKIS: they exist AKIS are quite different between countries / regions Some countries have restructured their AKIS considerably AKIS components are governed by quite different incentives AKIS are governed by public policy but consistent AKIS policies do not exist Monitoring of AKIS (input, system, output) is fragmented The high level of attention to innovation in the policy domain and the lack of research for evidence-based policy are inconsistent. Take different motives for research into account in research management SCAR COLLABORATIVE WORKING GROUP AKIS 4
DIFFERENT MOTIVES NEED TO BE ADDRESSED Table S.1 Two types of motivation for research Aspect Science driven research Innovation driven research Incentive to program a topic Emerging science that can contribute to solving a societal issue (or a scientific question) An issue / problem in society that can be solved by new research, or a new idea to solve an existing issue Participation of users In demonstration phase / via research dissemination In agenda setting, defining the problem and during the research process Quality criteria Scientific quality Relevance (for the sector or a region) Focus Research organisations Networks of producers and users of knowledge Diffusion model Linear model System (network) approach Type of government policy Science / Research Policy Innovation Policy Economic line of thinking (see table 2.1) Macro-economics Systems of innovation Finance The role of the EU To a large extent public money: more speculative and large spill over effects Efficiency of scale (member states often too small), smart specialisation between member states, create European research market with harmonisation of hard- and soft infrastructures Public-private partnerships very possible / advantageous Stimulate interaction and learning in Europe between national/regional AKIS. Enable in CAP innovation by networks with farmers Typical EU examples Horizon 2020, FP7, ERC, some ERAnets, Joint Programming Initiatives CAP: European Innovation Partnership, LEADER, European Technology Platforms, EIPs, some ERAnets Type of research Interdisciplinary with absorption capacity in AKIS (to work with material science, ICT, chemistry etc.). Transdisciplinary and translational with close inertactions. SCAR COLLABORATIVE WORKING GROUP AKIS 5
Different objectives, methods, and public roles Management of interaction needed
Link with EU proposals
TARGET GROUPS Innovation: 3 mln 75% Knowledge transfer? Some new farm systems Social Innovation: 6 mln 1.6%
Role of EU policy
In conclusion The overall direction to foster smart, sustainable and inclusive growth is very welcome, and raises expectations Be clear on the motives for research programmes especially Horizon 2020 could have several program lines (basic science, science-driven and innovation driven-r&d in PPP, cross overs, harmonisation infrastructures, intra- EU transfer, policy support, etc.) Be aware that the CAP has had a centralist character for 50 years, innovation is local. Be aware that a lot of your money will be wasted and otherwise you are crowding out markets. Organise monitoring (renew FADN) Innovation is a business strategy that should be in line with the food chain strategy and regional strategy. In the EU it will help smart specialisation
Mandate CWG AKIS-2 (main points) Best practices in promoting innovation through operational groups, transfer this experience in Europe; how is it possible to improve significantly the exchange of knowledge within Europe? How to promote education and training as a central element of innovation policy? Recommendations on how to link effectively Rural Development Programmes with research activities in Horizon 2020, the EraNets, JPIs, etc..? Could researchers be more incentivised to interact with farmers and enterprises? On what criteria can we evaluate research, other than academic excellence? Act as an advisory group to the EIP network facility and to guide the work of FP7 programmes tackling the issue of AKIS, like the SOLINSA and ProAKIS projects etc.
Activities: 6 workshops Brussels Flemish government (2012) develop working plan Brussels Spanish government (2012) what is an operational group, what not, how could it work? Rome (November 2012) innovative innovation policies The Hague (January 2013) on the concept of thematic networks and innovation themes for the EIP Helsinki (April 2013) on cross border cooperation and on ICT to support innovation processes Dublin (June 2013) on incentives for research and others to participate in the EIP; how to link EIP-Horizon2020; Participation in the Dublin conference on farm advisory services
Two studies commissioned (from PRO AKIS budget) Competitive call launched in January The role of ICT in fostering innovation: an analyses of best practices and recommendations for the EIP (ICROFS) How to evaluate researchers and incentivize them to participate in innovation projects in partnership with other stakeholders (FIBL) Will be substantial chapters in the end report / policy brief
Finalising the work Interesting material also comes from FP7 projects: Solinsa PRO AKIS Valerie Draft report or policy brief to be written this summer Publication around December 1 by DG Research? An event for presentation?? 2014: SCAR cwg AKIS-3???
Planned results: Tools and methods for practitioners that are involved in learning and innovation in agriculture Recommendations on policy instruments and financial arrangements that support learning and innovation for sustainable agriculture Concepts to reflect on learning and innovation processes as drivers of transition to sustainable rural development More information: www.solinsa.net; contact: heidrun.moschitz@fibl.org
Prospects for Farmers Support: Advisory Services in European AKIS (PRO AKIS) EU FP 7 coordination and support action A brief project presentation Funded by European Commission GA 311994
Introduction and objectives Farmers are facing changing political conditions and a strong pressure from markets and citizens to adjust and to innovate. They need timely access to knowledge and information, to training and education and to facilitating and supporting services. It is the overall purpose of PRO AKIS to contribute to the performance of advisory services within the European AKIS so that they can better provide relevant and reliable knowledge to farmers and other rural actors. Brief project presentation 17
Definitions We understand advisory services as the entire set of organizations that will enable the farmers to co-produce farm-related solutions by establishing service relationships with advisers so as to produce knowledge, exchange information, and enhance skills. We understand agricultural knowledge and information or innovation systems as concepts that represent linkages between people and institutions to promote mutual learning and generate, share, and utilize agriculture related technology, knowledge, information and innovation. We use this concept with an infrastructural view to highlight the presence and interactions of actors and the infrastructures that govern the behavior of actors in knowledge exchange and innovation processes in the course of time. Brief project presentation 18
Activities and work packages PRO AKIS will 1.Develop a conceptual framework on advisory services within AKIS 2.Elaborate an inventory of AKIS institutions and interaction in the EU-27 3.Study and assess patterns of advisory services and knowledge flows, in particular small-scale farmers access to relevant and reliable knowledge linkages and gaps between research systems and farming practices scientific research and farmers demands for knowledge Rural networks to enhance innovation processes 4. Integrate expert panel s feedback and participatively assess project s outputs 5. Assure broad dissemination of findings and provide evidencebased policy recommendations PRO AKIS work package structure Brief project presentation 19
Expected results a conceptual framework for the assessment of the manifold AKIS in Europe an inventory of AKIS institutions and interactions in the EU-27 as a searchable database comparative analyses and assessments of successes, strengths and weaknesses of specific knowledge systems through case studies increased international and inter-regional exchange of AKIS stakeholders on the performance of advisory services within the various AKIS in Europe and policy recommendations for strengthening European agricultural innovation systems Brief project presentation 20
The consortium partners University of Agriculture, Krakow (UAK) Knowledge Centre for Agriculture (VFL) James-Hutton Institute (JHI) Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) & University of Hohenheim Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Agricultural University Plovdiv (AUP) University Trás-o-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) Website: www.proakis.eu Brief project presentation 21
Thanks for your attention krijn.poppe@wur.nl