Elements Of Art Study Guide General Elements of Art- tools artists use to create artwork; Line, shape, color, texture, value, space, form Composition- the arrangement of elements of art to create a balanced unified piece of artwork Design- the act of planning and arranging the elements of art in a piece of artwork Outline- the line that forms the edge or any shape or form; also called contour lines Overlap- to partly or completely cover one shape or form with another; can be used to show distance in artwork Pattern- repetition of an element (or elements) in a work of artwork Proportion- size differences Color Color- Hue; color is created by the quality of light it reflects. Color has 3 properties; hue, value (shade (black), tint (white), tone (grey)), intensity (Bright vs. Dull) Color Wheel- circular chart that illustrates progression through the color spectrum and relationships between colors Black- the absence of ALL color White- presence of ALL colors Intensity- Bright vs. Dull Primary Colors- Red, Yellow, Blue; colors from which all other colors are created. The primary colors cannot be made by mixing other colors together Secondary Colors- Orange, Green and Violet; a color created by mixing 50% of one primary color and 50% of another primary color 50% red + 50% yellow = orange 50% yellow + 50% blue = green 50% red + 50% blue = violet Tertiary Colors- colors that can be found between a primary color and a secondary color; these are created by mixing primary color with a secondary color (75% red + 25% orange= red-orange or mixed by Using 75% of a primary color and 25% of another primary color 75% red + 25% yellow= red-orange
25% red + 75% yellow= yellow- orange Hue- another word for color Intensity- the brightness or dullness of a color. Shade- creating a darker value of a color by adding black Tint- creating a lighter value of a color by adding white Tone- mixing 50% grey to a color- 50% grey + 50% green= tone of green Color Scheme- a plan for selecting colors for a composition Cool colors- green, blue and violet- calm, sad, depressed, cold, Warm colors- red, orange, yellow- anger, excitement, hot Complementary colors- colors that contrast with one another and are directly opposite one another on the color wheel; red & green Analogous colors-3 colors that are next to one another on the color wheel; yellow, yellow-green, green Neutrals- black, white and tints and shades of grey Palette- a flat board in which a painter mixes colors upon. Can also be refer to a range of colors used in a particular artwork Triad- three colors evenly spaced on the color wheel- red/yellow/blue or orange/green/ violet are 2 examples Split Complementary- Two colors adjacent to a base colors complement- example Orange, Blue-Green, Blue-Violet Monochromatic- color scheme based on many tints and shades of one color SHAPE Shape- 2D figure created by connecting actual or implied lines to enclose an area of space; can be geometric (circle/square/ traingle) or organic (irregular outline; cloud/ leaf/ ameba) Geometric- shapes that are precise and mathematical. Circle/triangle/square Organic- irregular shapes and forms; usually resemble objects found in nature (leaf, cloud, ameba)
LINE Line- a mark on a surface, usually created by a pen, pencil or brush. Lines vary in width, length, direction, degree of curve. Lines can be 2-dimensional or implied Contour line- outline of a shape; first step to any drawing Diagonal line- slanted edge or line Edge- the outside line of a shape or form Horizontal- moving straight across side to side Horizontal line- line representing the horizon; appear calm and peaceful Vertical line- straight up and down Implied Line- A series of points that the viewer s eyes automatically connect. Zigzag line- a series of diagonal lines moving in different directions that come together at sharp angles; create a sense of confusion, nervousness and excitement Line quality- special character of a line; thickness, thinness, continuous or broken Cross Hatching- The technique of using crossed lines for shading. Hatching- parallel lines used for shading Scumbling- a controlled scribble used for shading Five ways a line can vary- Length Width Texture Direction Curve FORM Form- 3 dimensional object; sculpture; has height, depth and width Basic forms- cube, sphere, cone, cylinder, pyramid, prism VALUE Gradations- a gradual change between dark and light in drawing and painting. Can be created with a pencil by changing pressure or the paper Value- lightness or darkness of a color; pink is a light value of red; navy is a dark value of blue Value- scale- a series of blocks showing the gradual increase of color showing the gradual change from white to black
Shading- a way of showing gradual changes in lightness and darkness in drawing and painting; helps a picture appear 3 dimensional- techniques include blending, stippling, hatching and cross hatching Contrast- the difference between to unlike things; such as a dark value or color and a light value or color Space Space-the open or empty area around, above, between, within or below objects. Shapes and forms are defined by empty space surrounding them (negative space) and the space they occupy (positive space) Negative space- the empty space that surrounds and defines a form or shape in a piece of artwork Positive space- the space that a form or shape occupies in a piece of artwork Depth- a technique to show deep space on a 2 dimensional plane Foreground- the part of an artwork that appears to be nearest to the viewer or in the front of the scene Background- the part of an artwork that appears to be farthest from the viewer or in the distance of the scene Middle ground- the part of an artwork that appears to lie between objects in the foreground and background Overlapping- When one object covers part of a second object. Drawing Blending stump- used to smudge or blend a drawing Grid drawing- a tool that aids in drawing; helps one see the basic shapes and lines of a photo by breaking it into small squares; can be used to enlarge or minimize a photo Highlights- an area or spot in a drawing, painting or photograph that is strongly illuminated; the brightest spot on an object Kneaded eraser- eraser that is used to soften values of a drawing, by removing graphite from paper Light Source- any device serving as a source of light. It usually refers to natural lighting from the sun
Shadow- the dark portions of a picture. Painting Acrylic paint- a type of paint made with synthetic resin (plastic) as the liquid to bind the pigment (color) water soluble, and dries fast PRINTMAKING INK- a pigmented matter that prints an image DRY POINT- a type of engraving. A technique of scratching directly into the plate with an etching needle. DRY POINT NEEDLE - a hard steel needle with a smooth, un-faceted point. Used to engrave into the surface of a plate. PLATE- a flat surface used for printing - the image will be printed in mirror image (backwards) PRINTMAKING- the process of making artwork by printing, can produce multiple copies, PROPER WAY TO SIGN A PRINT- Underneath the print, in pencil- title edition# signature Be able to reflect on your artwork; still life painting dry point etching Cut Paper Value Grid Drawing
Be able to demonstrate scumbling hatching cross hatching Value scale Positive/negative space of an object Positive space- the object Negative space- the space around the object How to draw Geometric and Organic shapes Contour lines of your hand
Color Schemes and examples of each the proper placement of colors on the color wheel